SHORT ANSWER

𝟑 −𝟑
1. If matrix A = [ ] and A2 = ⅄A then find the value of ⅄.
−𝟑 𝟑
Soln:

3 −3
A=[ ]
−3 3
3 −3 3 −3 9 + 9 −9 − 9
A2 = AA = [ ][ ]=[ ]
−3 3 −3 3 −9 − 9 9 + 9
18 −18
=[ ]
−18 18
18 −18 3 −3
[ ] = ⅄[ ]
−18 18 −3 3
3⅄ = 18

⅄ = 6

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐
2. For what value of x, is the matrix A=[−𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 ] a skew symmetric matrix?
𝒙 −𝟑 𝟎
Soln:

If A is skew symmetric matrix then

A = -AI

0 1 −2 0 −1 𝑥
[−1 0 3 ] = −[ 1 0 −3]
𝑥 −3 0 −2 3 0
0 1 −2 0 1 −𝑥
[−1 0 3 ] = [−1 0 3]
𝑥 −3 0 2 −3 0
x=2
𝒙−𝒚 𝒛 −𝟏 𝟒
3. If [𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙] = [ 𝟎 𝟓] write the value of 𝒙 + 𝒚 .

Solution:
𝑥−𝑦 𝑧 −1 4
[2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑤 ] = [ 0 5]
 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1 ------(1)

2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0--------(2)

(1)-(2) ⇒- −𝑥 = −1

𝑥=1

(1) ⇒ 1 − 𝑦 = −1

𝑦 =1+1=2

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1+2=3

4. If A and B are symmetric matrices of same orders then show that AB is symmetric , if and
only if A and B commute, that is AB = BA.

Solution:

Given: A and B are symmetric ⇒ Aˈ = A and Bˈ = B

Assume that AB is symmetric.

(AB)I = AB

BˈAI = AB

BA = AB

(AB)ˈ = Bˈ Aˈ [ By property of transpose matrices]

=BA

= AB [ AB=BA]

( A B )ˈ = AB A B is symmetric..

[Link] that all the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are zero.

Solution:

Given: A is a skew symmetric matrix

Aˈ = - A

Equating the diagonal elements

aii = - aii
 aii+ aii = 0

2aii =0

aii =0

a11 = a22 = a33 = ………… = ann = 0

⸫ The diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are zero.

6. If A and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BA are both defined, then prove that AB –
B A is skew symmetric matrix.

Given: A and B are symmetric matrices, A = Aˈ and B = Bˈ

(AB – BA)ˈ = (AB)ˈ - (BA)ˈ

= BˈAˈ - AˈB { A = Aˈ

= BA – AB {B = Bˈ

= - ( AB – BA)

Hence (AB – BA) is a skew symmetric matrix

𝟑 𝟓
[Link] A=[ ] 𝒊𝒔 𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏 as A=P+Q,where P is symmetric and Q is skew symmetric
𝟕 𝟗
matrix,then write P.

Solution:

3 5 3 7
A=[ ] ; Aˈ = [ ]
7 9 5 9
6 12
A+ Aˈ= [ ]
12 18
1 1 6 12
P= 2(A+AI) = 2 [ ]
12 18
3 6
=[ ]
6 9
𝟏 𝟐
8. If A=[ ] and 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑,Show that 𝒇(𝑨) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟏
Solution:
 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3

𝑓(𝐴) = 𝐴2 − 2𝐴 − 3I

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 0
=[ ][ ] − 2[ ] − 3[ ]
2 1 2 1 2 1 0 1
1+4 2+2 2 4 3 0
= [ ]−[ ]-[ ]
2+2 4+1 4 2 0 3
5 4 −2 −4 −3 0
=[ ]+[ ]+[ ]
4 5 −4 −2 0 −3
0 0
=[ ]=O
0 0
𝑓(𝐴) = 𝑂

−𝟑
[Link] A=[ 𝟓 ] and B=[𝟏 𝟔 −𝟒] then verify (AB)I=BIAI.
𝟐
Solution:

−3
A =[ 5 ] ; B=[1 6 −4]
2
−3 −3 −18 12
AB = [ 5 ] [1 6 −4] = [ 5 30 −20]
2 2 12 −8
−3 5 2
(AB)I = [−18 30 12 ]-----------(1)
12 −20 −8
1
BI = [ 6 ]
−4
AI = [−3 5 2]
1
BIAI= [ 6 ] [−3 5 2]
−4
−3 5 2
= [−18 30 12 ] ------------(2)
12 −20 −8
From (1) and (2), (AB)I=BIAI
 𝟓 𝟑
[Link] that A=[ ] satisfies the equation A2 -3A-7I = O and hence find A-1.
−𝟏 −𝟐
Solution:

5 3 5 3 25 − 3 15 − 6 22 9
A2=AA=[ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
−1 −2 −1 −2 −5 + 2 −3 + 4 −3 1
22 9 5 3 1 0
A2 -3A+7I =[ ] − 3[ ] − 7[ ]
−3 1 −1 −2 0 1
7 0 7 0 0 0
=[ ] -[ ] =[ ]=O
0 7 0 7 0 0
A2 -3A-7I = O

Pre multiplying by A-1,

A-1 A2 -3 A-1A-7 A-1I = O

( A-1A)A-3I-7 A-1 =O

IA-3I-7 A-1 =O
1
A-1 =7 (A-3I)

1 5 3 1 0
=7 [ ] −3[ ]
−1 −2 0 1
1 2 3
=7 [ ]
−1 −5
11. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝟑𝑨| = 𝒌|𝑨|,then write the value of k

Soln:

Since A is a square matrix of order 3 , |3𝐴| = 33 |𝐴|

33 |𝐴| = 𝑘|𝐴| ⇒k= 33 = 27

𝟑𝒙 𝟕 𝟖 𝟕
12.. If | |= | | find x
−𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟒
3𝑥 7 8 7
Soln: | |= | |
−2 4 6 4
12x+14 = 32-42

12x = -10-14 =-24 ⇒ 𝑥 = −2

 𝟖 𝟎
13. If for any 2X2 matrix A, A(adj A) = [ ] then write the value of |𝑨|
𝟎 𝟖
Soln:

8 0
A(adj A) = [ ]
0 8

| A(adj A)| = |8 0|
0 8
|𝐴|| (adj A)| = 64 { | (adj A)| = |A|𝑛−1
|𝐴||A|2−1 = 82

|A|2 = 82 ⇒ |𝐴| = ±8
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟒. 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 [ ] 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙 ?
𝒙+𝟓 𝟑
Soln:

2𝑥 + 4 4 2𝑥 + 4 4
Since [ ] 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥, | |= 0
𝑥+5 3 𝑥+5 3

3(2x+4) – 4(x+5) = 0

6x+12 -4x -20 = 0

2x - 8 =0

2x = 8

x= 4

15. If R= { (a, a3 ), a is a prime number less than 5 } be a relation . Find the range of R.

Soln:

R= { (a, a3 ), a is a prime number less than 5 }

R = { (2,23 ), (3,33 )} = {(2,8),(3,27)}

The range of R = { 8,27}1

𝒏+𝟏
, 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒅𝒅
𝟐
[Link] that the function f is surjective where f: N→ 𝑵 such that f(n)={ 𝒏
, 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏
𝟐

Soln: case 1 : n is odd

 2𝑦−1+1
for every y ∈ 𝑁 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑛 = 2𝑦 − 1 ∈ 𝑁 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 f(n)= =y
2

⇒ f is onto

Case 2: f is even
2𝑦
for every y ∈ 𝑁 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑛 = 2𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 f(n)= =y
2

⇒ f is onto

17. Prove that f: N→ 𝑵 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 f(x) = x2 +x+1 is one – one but not onto

Soln:

Let x1, x2 ∈ N such that f(x1)= f( x2)

x12 + x1+1= x22 + x2+ 1

x12 - x22 + x1- x2 = 0

(x1- x2)( x1+ x2 ) + (x1- x2 )=0

(x1- x2 )( (x1+ x2 +1) = 0

(x1- x2 ) =0

x1= x2

f is one – one

on to:

Since x2 +x+1 ≥ 3 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ N , 1,2 ∈ N has no pre images. ∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.

18. Let R be the relation defined on the set of natural numbers as

R= {(x,y): x∈ 𝑵, 𝒚 ∈ 𝑵, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏 } .Find the domain and range. Also verify whether R is
reflexive,symmetric , transitive.

Soln:

R= {(x,y): x∈ 𝑁, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41 }

R= {(1,39),(2,35),……(20,1)}

Domain = { 1,2,3…….20}

Range = { 39,37,35,33,….1}
 Reflexive: R is not reflexive as (2,2)∉ 𝑅

Symmetric: (1,39)∈ 𝑅 , (39,1) ∉ 𝑅 ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖

Transitive: (11,19),(19,3)∈ 𝑅 , (11,3) ∉ 𝑅 ∴ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒.

𝟏𝟑𝝅
19. Find the value of 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝟕
)

13𝜋 𝜋
Soln: sin−1 sin( 7
) = sin−1 sin(2𝜋 − 7 )

𝜋
= sin−1 sin(− )
7

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
=- ∈ [− , ]
7 2 2

[Link] that 3 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 )

Soln:

Put x= sin 𝜃

RHS: sin−1(3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) = sin−1 (3sin 𝜃 − 4sin 3 𝜃)

= sin−1(sin3 𝜃)

=3𝜃

= 3 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = LHS

𝟏 𝟏
21(i).Evaluate 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (− 𝟐) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (− 𝟐)

Soln:

1 1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
tan−1(1) + cos −1 (− 2) + sin−1 (− 2) = tan−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 ) + cos−1 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 ) + sin−1 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛 6 )

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 4 + cos−1 (cos(𝜋 − 3 )) +sin−1 (sin(− 6 ))

𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋+8𝜋−2𝜋 9𝜋 3𝜋
=4 + 3
- 6
= 12
= 12
= 4

𝟕𝝅
21.(ii) write the value of 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔
)

7𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
Soln: cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
) = cos−1 (cos (2𝜋 − 6
)) = cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
) = 6
∈ [0, 𝜋]
 [Link] the value of 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 √𝟑 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 ( −√𝟑)

Soln:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Tan−1 (tan 3 ) − cot −1 ( − cot 6 ) = tan−1(tan 3 ) − cot −1 ( cot(π − 6 ))

𝜋 5𝜋 2𝜋−5𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
= − = =− =-2
3 6 6 6

𝟑𝝅
23. Evaluate of 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒
)+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝅) +𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝟏

Soln:
3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) + cos −1(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋) +tan−1 1 = sin−1 (sin(𝜋 − )+𝜋 +
4 4 4

𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
=4 + 𝜋 + 4 = 2

[Link] that 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) = 2 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙

Soln:

LHS: sin−1 ( 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )

Put x = cos 𝜃 , 𝜃 = cos−1 𝑥

sin−1 ( 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = sin−1 ( 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 ) = sin−1 ( 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)

= sin−1 ( 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) = = sin−1 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)

= 2𝜃 = 2 cos −1 𝑥 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

[Link] the domain of y= 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)

Soln:

The domain of sin−1 ( 𝑥 2 ) 𝑖𝑠 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

the domain of y= sin−1 ( 𝑥 2 − 4) 𝑖𝑠 −1 ≤ 𝑥 2 − 4 ≤ 1

⇒ -1+3 ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ 1 + 4

⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑥2 ≤ 5

⇒ √2 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ √5

⇒ x ∈ [−√5, − √2 ] ∪ [√2 , √5]

 √𝟑
26. Write the value of 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝟐
))

Soln:

√3 𝜋 𝜋
tan−1 ( 2sin(2 cos −1 2
)) = tan−1 ( 2sin(2 ))= tan−1 ( 2sin( ))
6 3

3 𝜋
= tan−1 ( 2 √2 ) = tan−1 ( √3 ) = 3

𝒙
27. Write the simplest form of 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
√𝒂𝟐 −𝒙𝟐

Soln:

Put x = a sin𝜃

𝑥 a sin𝜃 a sin𝜃
tan−1 √𝑎2 = tan−1 = tan−1
−𝑥2 √𝑎2 −𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 √𝑎2 (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 )

a sin𝜃 a sin𝜃
= tan−1 = tan−1 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = tan−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
√𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃

𝑥
= 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑎

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
28. If y= 5𝒆𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔𝒆−𝟕𝒙 , Show that 𝒅𝒙𝟐

Soln:

[Link] 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒙𝟐

Soln:

Let u = 𝑥 2 , y = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢

𝑑𝑦
= 2 sec u secu tanu
𝑑𝑢

= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2
 𝒅𝒚
[Link] 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒕𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂𝒕 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒙

Soln:

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
31. If y = √𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 ,then Show that 𝒚 +( ) =0
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

Soln:

32. Find the differential of 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒓 𝒕 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Soln:

Let u = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 , v = 𝑒 cos 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , = 𝑒 cos 𝑥 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑑𝑣 = = =
𝑑𝑣 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑒 cos 𝑥 −𝑒 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚 𝒚
33. If 𝒙𝒎 𝒚𝒏 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝒎+𝒏 ,then Show that =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

Soln:

𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛

Taking log on both side

 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = (𝑚 + 𝑛) log(𝑥 + 𝑦)

Diff w.r.t x,
𝑚 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 (𝑚+𝑛) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥
+𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥+𝑦
(1 + 𝑑𝑥 )

𝑚 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 (𝑚+𝑛) (𝑚+𝑛) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥
+𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥+𝑦
+ 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥

(𝑚+𝑛) 𝑑𝑦 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 𝑚 (𝑚+𝑛)
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
− 𝑥+𝑦

(𝑚+𝑛) 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 𝑚 (𝑚+𝑛)
( 𝑥+𝑦
−𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
− 𝑥+𝑦

𝑚𝑦+𝑛𝑦−𝑛𝑥−𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑚𝑥+𝑚𝑦−𝑚𝑥−𝑛𝑥
( 𝑦(𝑥+𝑦)
) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥+𝑦)

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝝀𝒙
34. At what value of λ, f(x)= { , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 is continues at x=0
𝒙𝟐
𝟏 , 𝒙=𝟎

𝒌𝒙
, 𝒙<𝟎
35. Find k such that f(x)= { |𝒙| is continues at x=0 .
𝟑 , 𝒙≥𝟎

Soln:
𝒌𝒙
, 𝒙<𝟎
f(x)= {|𝒙|
𝟑 , 𝒙≥𝟎

𝒌𝒙
, 𝒙<𝟎
f(x)= {−𝒙
𝟑 , 𝒙≥𝟎
 Since f is continues at x= 0, lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)= lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

lim −𝑘 = 3
𝑥→0−

-k= 3

k = -3

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒂+𝟏)𝒙+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒙
, 𝒙<𝟎
36. If f(x)= 𝟐 , 𝒙 = 𝟎 is continues at x=0 . Find a and b.
√𝟏+𝒃𝒙 −𝟏
𝒙
, 𝒙>𝟎
{

Soln:

Since f is continues at x= 0, lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)= lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)

𝑥→0 𝑥→0

sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
, lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑥
= 2
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

(𝑎+1) sin(𝑎+1)𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

lim (𝑎+1)𝑥
+ 2 lim− 𝑥
= 2
𝑥→0− 𝑥→0

𝑎+1+2=2

𝑎 = −1

Lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)

𝑥→0+

√1+𝑏𝑥 −1 √1+𝑏𝑥 +1
Lim × =2
𝑥→0+ 𝑥 √1+𝑏𝑥 +1

(√1+𝑏𝑥 )2 −1
Lim+ 𝑥(√1+𝑏𝑥 +1)
=2
𝑥→0

1+𝑏𝑥−1
Lim =2
𝑥→0+ 𝑥(√1+𝑏𝑥 +1)

𝑏
Lim =2
𝑥→0+ (√1+𝑏𝑥 +1)

b=2

𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝝅
, 𝒙<
𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
[Link] the values of p and q for which f(x)= 𝒑 ,𝒙 = 𝟐 is continues at x =
𝟐
𝒒(𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) 𝝅
{ (𝝅−𝟐𝒙)𝟐 , 𝒙 > 𝟐

Soln:
 𝜋 𝜋
Since f is continues at x= , lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)= lim
𝜋−
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓( )
2 𝜋 𝑥→ 2
𝑥→ 2
2

𝜋 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥
lim
𝜋−
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓( 2 ) ⇒ lim
𝜋− 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= 𝑝
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2

(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 )
lim
𝜋−
( 3(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
) = p
𝑥→
2

(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 )
lim𝜋− ( 3(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
) = p
𝑥→
2

(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 )
lim𝜋− ( 3(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
) = p
𝑥→
2

(1+1+1 )
=𝑝
3(1+1)

1
P =
2

𝜋 𝑞(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓( 2 ) ⇒ lim+ (𝜋−2𝑥)2
=p
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2

𝜋
𝑞(1−cos( −𝑥))
2
lim+ (𝜋−2𝑥)2
=p
𝜋
𝑥→
2

𝜋 𝑥
𝑞(2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( − )
4 2
lim+ 𝜋 𝑥 2 =p (∵1-cos 2x= 2sin2 x )
𝜋 4( − )
𝑥→ 4 2
2

𝜋 𝑥
𝑞 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (4− 2) 1
lim+ 𝜋 𝑥 =2
2 𝜋 ( − )2
𝑥→ 4 2
2

𝑞 1
=
2 2

q= 1

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒂 , 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
38. Find the value of a and b if f(x) = { is differentiable at x=1
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐 , 𝒙 > 𝟏

Soln:

Since f is differentiable at x= 1, f is continuous at x = 1

lim 𝑓(𝑥)= lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)

𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1

Lim 𝑏𝑥 + 2= lim− 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑎 = 1 + 3 + 𝑎
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
 𝑏+2 =4+𝑎

𝑏 − 𝑎 = 2 ----------(1)

𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(1) 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(1)
Since f is differentiable at x= 1, lim+ = lim−
𝑥 →1 𝑥−1 𝑥→1 𝑥−1

𝑏𝑥+2−(𝑏+2) 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+𝑎−(1+3+𝑎)
lim+ 𝑥−1
= lim− 𝑥−1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

𝑏𝑥+2−(𝑏+2) 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+𝑎−4−𝑎
Lim+ 𝑥−1
= lim 𝑥−1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1−

𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4 (𝑥+4)(𝑥−1)
𝑏 = lim− 𝑥−1
= lim− 𝑥−1
= lim−(x+4)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1

b= 5

(1) ⇒ 5- a = 2 ⇒ a = 3

39. If the radius of circle increasing at the rate of 0.5 cm/s,then find the rate of increase of
circumferrence.

Soln:

[Link] the rate of change of volume of sphere with respect to its surface area,when radius is 2 cm.

Soln:
 [Link] edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 5 cm/[Link] fast is the volume increasing
when the side is 15 cm?

Soln:

42.A ladder 5cm is leaning against a [Link] bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground ,away
from the wall,at the rate of 2cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the
ladder is 4 m away from the wall?

Soln:

43. Show that f(x) = 4x3 -18 x2 +27x-27 is always increasing on R.

Soln:

f(x) = 4x3 -18 x2 +27x-27

f I (x) = 12x2 -36x +27 = 3( 4 x2 -12x+9) =3( 2x-3)2 > 0

 f(x) is always increasing on R.

[Link] the interval in which f(x) = - 2x3 -9x2 -12x+1 is increasing?

Soln:

45. Find the local maxima and and local minima for the function f(x) = sin x-cos x ,0<x<2𝜋.

Soln:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑓 𝐼 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑓 𝐼𝐼 (𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

 𝑓 𝐼 (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = −1
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
⇒𝑥 = 𝜋−4 , 2𝜋 − 4 = 4
,4

𝜋 𝜋
= sin (2𝜋 − 4 ) – cos (2𝜋 − 4 )

𝜋 𝜋 1 1 2
= = − sin − cos = - - = - = - √2
4 4 √2 √2 √2

𝒙 𝟑
46. Show that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑 + 𝒙 decreases in the interval (-3,0)U (0, 3).

Soln:
𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 𝑥

1 3
𝑓 𝐼 (𝑥) = 3
− 𝑥2

1 3
For decreasing, 𝑓 𝐼 (𝑥) < 0 ⇒ 3
− 𝑥2 < 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 9 < 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 < 9
 ⇒−3 < 𝑥 < 3
𝑥 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 𝑥 decreases in the interval (-3,0)U (0, 3)

47) Find the absolute max and min for f(x) = sin2 x –cosx for 0<x<𝝅

Soln:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − cos 𝑥

𝑓 𝐼 (𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1)

2𝑥+1 3𝑥
48. Differentiate y = sin−1 ( )
1+36𝑥

Soln:
 𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
49.𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥 , then Prove that 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦

Soln:

𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 log 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

log 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 𝑦−𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = (𝑦 − 𝑥)

𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑦
⇒𝑥=
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
1
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)1−𝑦( )
𝑦
= (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)2
𝑑𝑦

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
=
(1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)2

𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦

50. The bottom of a rectangular swimming tank is 25 m by [Link] is pumped into the tank at the
rate of 500cu metre /min. Find the rate at which the level of water in the tank is rising.

Soln:

V= 25× 40 × ℎ
𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑡
= 1000 𝑑𝑡

𝑑ℎ
500 = 1000 𝑑𝑡

𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑡
= 0.5 𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛