1. The secretary ______ the reports before they ______ to the vice-manager.
A) must have typed / are sent
B) was to type / have been sent
C) had to type / were sent
D) should have typed / will be sent
E) would have typed / were sent
2. You ______ your car in front of the garage entrance at any time.
A) shouldn't be parking
B) can’t park
C) mustn’t have parked
D) wouldn’t have parked
E) don't have to park
3. Tom is not here. Then he _____ be working in the garden.
A) may as well
B) will
C) should
D) has to
E) must
4. A: I don't know why Alice started crying when I mentioned the wedding.
B: It _____ what you said about her sister or perhaps she was just nervous.
A) can be
B) must be
C) must have been
D) should have been
E) might have been
5. A thesis statement ____ express an opinion; it _____ express a fact.
A) may / couldn’t
B) must / doesn’t have to
C) should / won’t
D) will / wouldn’t
E) need to / needn’t
6. Our finding that increased body fatness is associated with the earlier onset of puberty _____ to
early maturation.
A) contributed
B) would contribute
C) may be contributing
D) should contribute
E) must contribute
7. Any information that _____ from the Spanish flu virus may help provide a better understanding of
H5N1.
A) could be gleaned
B) should be gleaned
C) will be gleaned
D) must be gleaned
E) might be gleaned
8. You ______ him up because he has already come up.
A) needn’t have called
B) shouldn’t have called
C) wouldn’t have called
D) couldn’t have called
E) didn’t need to call
9. Because the research points out exercise and calorie control, you ______ yourself to lose weight.
A) can’t starve
B) don’t have to starve
C) didn’t use to starve
D) wouldn’t starve
E) mustn't have starved
10. She ______ out without taking permission from her parents, but she did.
A) needn’t have gone
B) wouldn’t have gone
C) couldn’t go
D) shouldn't have gone
E) didn't need to go
11. It is thought EU leaders ______ to a deeper cut of emissions if other nations ______ in.
A) agree / have joined
B) have agreed / join
C) had developed / would have joined
D) may agree / join
E) agree / have been joined
12. Jimmy’s flight has taken more than 11 hours. He ______ exhausted. He ______ in tonight.
A) must have been / would stay
B) was supposed to be / ought to stay
C) must be / should stay
D) should have been / had better stay
E) could have been / should have stayed
13. An interview showed a particular tomb ______ the final resting place of another family.
A) needed to be
B) could have been
C) should have been
D) had better be
E) was to be
14. New systems ______ people to record everything they see and hear.
A) could allow
B) might have allowed
C) may allow
D) might allow
E) must allow
15. Anorexia nervosa is life-threatening and ______ as soon as possible.
A) might be treated
B) can be treated
C) should be treated
D) ought to have been treated
E) could be treated
16. Stressful life events ______ an episode of depression.
A) may trigger
B) should trigger
C) ought to have triggered
D) must have triggered
E) may have triggered
17. This is the best wine I’ve had but I ______ the same for the cheese.
A) can not say
B) could not say
C) would not say
D) should not say
E) must not say
18. Smoking ______ lung cancer and ______ many other illnesses.
A) would cause / have led
B) might cause / would lead
C) could cause / had better lead
D) can cause / may lead
E) used to cause / would lead
19. Dashiki said you ______ her anything for her birthday.
A) needn’t have bought
B) didn’t need to buy
C) should not buy
D) may not have bought
E) could not buy
20. She went by bike. She ______ by bike.
A) mustn’t have gone
B) didn't need to go
C) couldn’t have gone
D) needn't have gone
E) can’t have gone
21. I ______ you! You ______ the entire house.
A) might have told / needn’t have cleaned
B) could tell / shouldn’t have cleaned
C) should have told / needn't have cleaned
D) must have told / didn't need to clean
E) ought to have told / didn’t need to clean
22. You ______ and let that old lady have your seat.
A) must have got up
B) would prefer get up
C) have to get up
D) should get up
E) may get up
23. Students ______ to manage the bookstore soon.
A) were to be allowed
B) should have been allowed
C) need to be allowed
D) will be allowed
E) shall be allowed
24. Anthony said he was busy, but he ______ at the wedding.
A) could show up
B) must have shown up
C) should show up
D) should have shown up
E) has to show up
25. She wanted to go on a cruise, but she ______ such a luxurious trip.
A) needn't afford
B) shouldn’t have afforded
C) couldn’t afford
D) may not afford
E) can’t afford
26. A century ago, some linguists _____ that Canada _____ different languages in the next
centuries.
A) had predicted / would speak
B) predicted / might have spoken
C) could predict / could have spoken
D) predicted / would be speaking
E) was to predict / would have spoken
27. You _____ much more sensibly; now you seem to be an overweight man.
A) should have eaten
B) had to eat
C) must have eaten
D) were to eat
E) are supposed to eat
28. The epic is dated back to nearly 3000 BC, but scholars believe it _____ much earlier through an
oral tradition.
A) should have existed
B) need to be existed
C) could existed
D) could have existed
E) may exist
29. Although the oral tale of the Iliad _____ to various rulers over millennia, the story we know is
probably attached to a real king.
A) can be attributed
B) could have been attributed
C) should have been attributed
D) must be attributed
E) would be attributed
30. Stein spoke in a voice so low that the judge repeatedly _____ her to speak up.
A) could ask
B) would ask
C) had to ask
D) used to ask
E) might have asked
31. When we lived in East Anatolia, the water pipes _____ every winter, and we _____ in a
plumber.
A) would freeze / had to call
B) were freezing / used to call
C) could freeze / would have called
D) used to freeze / were calling
E) might have frozen / have had to call
32. He had such bad flu that he ______ breathe through his nose.
A) didn't have to
B) couldn’t
C) shouldn’t
D) didn't use to
E) wouldn't
33. Her clothing shocked the audience, who _____ men play in long dresses typical of that period.
A) would see
B) used to see
C) were used to seeing
D) get used to seeing
E) are accustomed to seeing
34. Now that Doris has been living in France for a decade she _____ things differently.
A) used to do
B) was used to doing
C) is used to doing
D) got used to doing
E) was accustomed to do
35. Neither writer develops this concept in terms which _____ scientific.
A) could have been considered
B) might have been considered
C) should have been considered
D) can be considered
E) would be considered
36. To get to a better post in this job, you _____ be punctual.
A) are to
B) can
C) might
D) would
E) used to
37. A: The students ____ there yesterday.
B: I don’t think they were.
A) ought to have been
B) had to be
C) could have been
D) would have been
E) used to be
38. I am not certain where Haul is. He _____ Fauzzia to the cinema.
A) must have taken
B) was supposed to take
C) should have taken
D) might have taken
E) has taken
39. They normally agree, but this time they _____ problems finding something that _____ all of
them.
A) might have had / must satisfy
B) must be having / ought to satisfy
C) could have / will have satisfied
D) had better have / is to satisfy
E) may have / will satisfy
40. You ____ so fast. You _____ an accident.
A) couldn’t have driven / could have
B) shouldn't have driven / might have had
C) mustn’t have driven / should have had
D) can’t have driven / would die
E) might not have driven / must have died
41. I ____ bear the sight of blood so I ____ wait.
A) couldn’t / shouldn’t
B) mustn't / can’t
C) am not to / would rather not
D) can't / couldn’t
E) won’t / didn't use to
42. Would you mind ____ her to accompany me?
A) having invited
B) if I invited
C) invite
D) invited
E) inviting
43. You ____ avoid being in such a room full of smoke.
A) must
B) can
C) would
D) could
E) would rather
44. The prisoner ____ eligible for parole after he serves 15 years.
A) will have become
B) might have become
C) should have become
D) must have become
E) has become
45. My word! It ____ you ages to write all this.
A) ought to take
B) must take
C) has to take
D) will take
E) used to take
46. Dad ____ his pills before fasting; now he is suffering.
A) had to take
B) ought to take
C) must have taken
D) had better take
E) should have taken
47. As you ____ expect, there are shops where you _____ buy gifts.
A) can / need to
B) will / ought to
C) would / could
D) could / have to
E) may / must
48. Tally ____ that we were supposed to meet at five.
A) had forgotten
B) should have forgotten
C) must have forgotten
D) would forget
E) used to forget
49. The potatoes are undercooked; you ______ them longer.
A) must boil
B) should boil
C) ought to have boiled
D) must have boiled
E) would rather boil
50. I would rather you ____ anything about what I did.
A) didn't say
B) don't say
C) hadn’t said
D) wouldn’t say
E) couldn't say