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Laser Physics Tutorial on Fabry-Perot and Modes

This document is a tutorial for the PH4001D - Laser Physics course at the National Institute of Technology Calicut, covering various problems related to Fabry-Perot interferometers, laser modes, and stability of mirror arrangements. It includes calculations for frequency linewidth, cavity Q, maximum longitudinal modes for a Nd:YAG laser, and beam diameter changes through a quartz window. The tutorial also addresses the gain coefficient of a laser medium and its effect on oscillating modes in the laser cavity.

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6 views1 page

Laser Physics Tutorial on Fabry-Perot and Modes

This document is a tutorial for the PH4001D - Laser Physics course at the National Institute of Technology Calicut, covering various problems related to Fabry-Perot interferometers, laser modes, and stability of mirror arrangements. It includes calculations for frequency linewidth, cavity Q, maximum longitudinal modes for a Nd:YAG laser, and beam diameter changes through a quartz window. The tutorial also addresses the gain coefficient of a laser medium and its effect on oscillating modes in the laser cavity.

Uploaded by

ssabarishvinayak
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

National Institute of Technology Calicut

Department of Physics

PH4001D - LASER PHYSICS


Tutorial – 2
1. Compute the FWHM frequency linewidth for a plane-parallel Fabry-Perot interferometer with two identical
mirrors, separated by a distance of 1 cm, with air between the mirrors. Assume mirror reflectivities of 99.99
%, 95 %, and 70 %. Determine the cavity Q for these three cases if the output of a GaAs diode laser operating
at 800 nm is transmitted through the interferometer.
[Ans: ∆𝜈1 = 4.78 × 105 Hz, 𝑄1 = 7.85 × 108 ; ∆𝜈2 = 2.45 × 108 Hz, 𝑄2 = 1.53 × 106 ; ∆𝜈3 = 1.71 ×
109 Hz, 𝑄3 = 2.19 × 105 ].

2. Show that, for a TEM00 mode passing between two laser mirrors, the transverse displacement from the centre
axis, where the intensity reaches a maximum, to the location where the intensity of the mode has a value of
1/e2 of the maximum corresponds to the value 𝜔 for a Gaussian mode distribution.

3. A Nd:YAG laser has a homogeneously broadened gain profile with a FWHM of 120 GHz. The laser is flash
lamp pumped to operate CW with a single-pass small-signal gain at the centre of the gain profile of 8%.
Mirrors are coated on the ends of the 0.1m long Nd:YAG rod with a reflectivity of 98% each. What is the
maximum number of longitudinal modes that could be lasing? (Assume that the laser is operating under
mode-locked conditions such that all possible modes are lasing.)
[Ans: 254 modes]

4. Determine whether or not the following mirror arrangements lead to stability:


(a) two mirrors with radii of curvature (roc) of 1.8 m, separated by a distance of 2 m;
(b) one mirror with roc of 2 m and the other with radius 3 m, separated by a distance of 2.3 m;
(c) one mirror with radius of curvature 5 m and the other with radius 3 m, separated by a distance of 4 m;
(d) two mirrors with radius of curvature of 0.5 m, separated by a distance of 0.5 m.
[Ans: (a) stable, (b) unstable, (c) unstable and (d) at the edge of stability]
5. A TEM00 mode He-Ne laser operating at 632.8 nm is tightly focused by a lens to arrive normal to a 12 mm
thick quartz window (n = 1.46) at exactly the focal point of the lens. At that location, the 1/e2 diameter of the
beam intensity is 2 m. What would be the beam diameter when it arrives at the other surface of the window?
[Ans: Diameter: 3.32 mm]

6. Gaussian beam of wavelength 800 nm is measured to have a wavefront curvature of 3 m and is known
to have a beam waist somewhere of 0.75 mm. At that location, how far is the beam from its minimum?
[Ans: z = - 1.05 m.].

7. The gain coefficient (in m–1) of a laser medium with a centre wavelength of 500 nm depends on frequency
through the following equation:
𝜈 − 𝜈0 2
𝛾(𝜈) = 𝛾(𝜈0 )𝑒𝑥𝑝 [−4 { } ]
Δ𝜈

where 𝜈0 is the centre frequency, 𝛾(𝜈0 ) = 1 m–1 and Δ𝜈 = 3 GHz. The length of the laser cavity is 1 m and
the mirror reflectivities are 99% each. Obtain the number of longitudinal modes that will oscillate in the
laser. Neglect all other losses in the cavity.

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