Module 3 Lab Report
Microscopy
Student Name: Veronika Samoilova
Part 1: The Microscope
1. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope.
Support the base with one nhand and the side with the other hand. Keep it straight.
2. When cleaning a microscope after use, should the 100X objective be cleaned first or last?
Last, to make sure all residue is cleaned.
3. What is the total magnification formula?
eyepiece magnification times lens magnification.
4. If you observe a specimen with the 40X objective, what is the total magnification of the image you see?
400x
5. If you observe a photo of a specimen in a laboratory manual or photo atlas and the caption states it
was photographed at 1000X Total magnification, what objective was used?
100x
6. Which part of the microscope is used to adjust the magnification?
Objective lense
7. What is the function of oil when using the oil immersion objective?
Reduce light refraction.
8. Compare and contrast Light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and electron microscopy.
Light microscope Fluorescent Electron Stereomicroscope
Microscope Microscope
What they have in
common
thry mall magnify - - -
How they are different Uses visible light to eluminate the speciment. Uses fluorescence to light up structures Uses a beam of electrons to create image
provides a view in 3d
from each other
A common use for each See bacterian vVisualizing the Examinning DIssecting
(Example of what each growth, new cells specific proteins organelles. organisms
may be used for) within a cell.
Label the parts of the microscope:
ocular
nosepiece
iris diaphragm
slide clip
stage
light intensity control
objective
light source course focus knob
stage control knob
fine focus knob
Part 2: Microscope Specimens
When preparing samples for staining to observe them under a microscope, describe why each of the following
steps may be taken and give an example of when each technique may be used. The first technique is
completed for you in order to provide an example:
1. Fixation: Use of chemicals to preserve tissue of different types. Helps to keep structures in place and
prevents the sample from breaking down. Used in human tissue sample preparations.
2. Dehydration: removing all water from the sample.
3. Embedding: filling the sample with a supporting medium (wax)
4. Sectioning: cutting the tissue up into slices.
5. Mounting: placing the sample onto the microscope.
6. Staining: dying selective components to highlight them.
7. When staining bacteria, which of the above preparation techniques is used?
staining
8. What is the most common form of staining used to identify bacteria?
gram staining
9. When staining tissue samples, which of the above sample preparation techniques should be
used?
staining
Watch the following video on Gram Staining then answer the questions that follow.
Additional help can be fund here: [Link]
Questions from Video:
1. What is the purpose of gram staining?
to differentiate bacteria into gram positive and gram negative
2. How are the bacteria distinguished from each other based on shapes? (what are the proper names of
shapes?)
cocci, bacilli, spirilla, vibrios
3. How are the bacteria distinguished from each other using color?
gram positive appears blue, gram negative appears pink.
4. What is the primary difference between gram positive and gram positive cells?
none.
5. What color are gram positive cells? Select your answer
blue
6. What color are gram negative cells? Select your answer
pink
7. Can the gram stain be observed using a form of microscopy other than light microscopy? Why or why
not?
electron microscopy can be used.
8. What magnification should be used when observing a gram stain.
100x
9. Place the steps of the gram stain procedure in the proper order.
Step 1 Apply Crystal Violet
Step 2 Apply iodine
Step 3 Decolorize with Grams alcohol
Step 4 Apply safranin
Step 5 Prepare smear, air dry & heat fix
Step 6 Observe with microscope using oil immersion
10. Identify the slides shown:
gram positive gram negative