Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

2001 CHAPTER COMPETITION been broken up into 10 + x. But, 10 + x =

20. Therefore, the unknown length on the
SPRINT ROUND QUESTIONS top must be 10. The length of the right side
of the rectangle has been broken up into 10
1. 40 hours of work @ $30 per hour = + y. But, 10 + y = 15. Therefore, the
40 × $30 = $1200 Answer unknown length of the right hand side is 5.
2. The probability that it will not rain Therefore, the area of the unshaded triangle
tomorrow = 1 - the probability that it will is:
rain tomorrow. The probability that it will 1
× 10 × 5 = 25
3 2
rain tomorrow is .
10 300 - 25 = 275 Answer
3 7 8. Remember, the rule for operator precedence
1− = Answer is: Please, my dear Aunt Sally!
10 10
(parentheses, multiplication, division,
3. Let x = the length of each of the two pieces addition, subtraction)
that are the same. Then 5x is the length of
3 + 4 × 5 - 6 = 3 + (4 × 5) - 6 =
the piece that is 5 times the length of the
3 + 20 - 6 = 23 - 6 = 17 Answer
other two.
1 3
5x + x + x = 140 9. PS = PR, PR = PQ, PQ = 40
7x = 140 3 4
x = 20
5x = 100 Answer
4. Let x = the positive integer. PS + SR = PR
x = x2 - 56 1 2
x2 - x = 56 SR = PR - PS = PR - PR = PR = 2PS
3 3
x2 - x - 56 = 0
1 1 3 1
Solution 1: Solve by factoring the quadratic PS = PR = × PQ = PQ =
equation: 3 3 4 4
(x + 7)(x - 8) = 0 1
× 40 = 10
x = -7, x = 8 4
The positive value is 8. Answer 2
Solution 2: Solve by determining the factors SR = PR = 2PS = 2 × 10 = 20
of 56 in: 3
x2 - x = 56 = x(x - 1) RQ = PQ - (PS + SR) = 40 - (10 + 20) = 10
SQ = SR + RQ = 20 + 10 = 30 Answer
56 = 2 × 28 = 2 × 2 × 14 =
10. If x is the length of a side of a square,
2× 2× 2× 7
Look for the two factors that differ by 1:
By inspection they are 8 (i.e., x) and 7 (i.e.,
x - 1). 8 Answer then x + 2 is the width of the
x+3
5. = −x− 3 new rectangle and x - 2 is the length of the
4 new rectangle. The area of the square is x2 .
x + 3 = -4x - 12 The area of the rectangle is:
5x = -15 (x - 2)(x + 2) = x2 - 4
x = -3 Answer x2 - (x2 - 4 ) = 4 Answer
6. Place the numbers in groups of twos: 11. The surface area of a cube is 6s 2 , where s is
(1 - 2) + (3 - 4) + (5 - 6) +( 7 - 8) + (9 - 10) the length of a side of the cube. If s = 6,
+ (11 - 12) + 13 = then 6s2 = 6 × 6 × 6. If s = 12, then 6s 2 = 6
-1 + -1 + -1 + -1 + -1 + -1 + 13 = × 12 × 12.
-6 + 13 = 7 Answer 6×6× 6 1× 1× 1 1
7. The area of the entire rectangle is: = = Answer
6 × 12 × 12 1× 2 × 2 4
20 × 15 = 300
12. 15.00 ÷ 7 = 2.14 R 2
Therefore, two students paid the extra
penny. 7 - 2 = 5 Answer
13. Let p = the cost of a pen.
The length of the top of the rectangle has Let c = the cost of a pencil.

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Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

2c + p = 80 (Eq. 1) 122, 133, 144, 155, 166, 177, 188, 199 for a
c + 2p = 115 (Eq. 2) total of 19. 100 - 19 = 81 Answer
4c + 2p = 160 (Eq. 3: Multiply Eq. 1 by 2) 20. Graphing the three points shows a triangle
3c = 45 (Subtract Eq. 2 from Eq. 3)
45 Answer
4 1 3 whose base is formed by the
14. − =
7 7 7 points (2,2) and (6,2) and whose apex is the
3 point (5,6). This gives a triangle whose base
of the tank holds 240 gallons. is 4 and whose height is 4. The height
7
intersects the base breaking it up into two
1 lengths, the first of size 3 (i.e., 5 - 2) and the
Therefore, of the tank holds 80 gallons
7 second of size 1 (i.e., 6 - 5). Thus, we have
and the entire tank holds 80 × 7 = 560 a right triangle whose sides are 3 and 4, so
gallons. 560 Answer its hypotenuse is 5. The length of the
15. Factor 840 into primes. hypotenuse of the triangle whose sides are 1
840 = 8 × 105 = 5 × 8 × 21 = and 4 will be less than 5 and the base is 4.
2× 2× 2× 3× 5× 7 Therefore, the length of the largest side of
Look for 4 consecutive factors. By the triangle is 5. Answer
inspection, these are 4, 5, 6, and 7. 21. a•b + b•c+c •d + d•a=
The largest is 7. Answer b(a + c ) + d(a + c) = (b + d)(a + c)
16. There are 4 possibilities for the first digit. To maximize the product, make the two
There are only 3 possibilities for the second values b + d and a + c the same.
digit (i.e., any value but what was chosen for 4 + 1 = 5 and 3 + 2 = 5
the first digit). Similarly there are 3 5 × 5 = 25 Answer
possibilities for the last digit (i.e., any value 22. The smallest positive integer with exactly
but what was chosen for the second digit). five positive divisors must have 3 divisors
4 × 3 × 3 = 36 Answer other than 1 and the number itself. This

(2 ) (2 )
4 value must be a fourth power of some
3 3 4
17. 3 3
= = integer other than 1. 24 has the divisors 1, 2,
4, 8, and 16 for a total of 5. 16 Answer
3
212 = 2 4 = 16 Answer 1 1 8 17
18. In the first circle, two out of the three values 23. 1+ =1+ =1+ = Answer
1 9 9 9
are negative. Therefore, the probability of 1+
8 8
2 24. Let A = the weight of the algebra book.
obtaining a negative value is and the
3 Let G = the weight of the geometry book.
probability of obtaining a positive value is Let T = the weight of the trigonometry book.
1 A + G = T (Eq. 1)
. In the second circle, one out of the three 2T = 3G (Eq. 2)
3
values is negative. Therefore, the 2(A + G) = 3G (Substituting for T via Eq. 1
probability of obtaining a negative value is into Eq. 2)
2A + 2G = 3G
1
and the probability of obtaining a 2A = G
3 4A = 2G
2 2 Answer
positive value is . To get a product of the
3 25. If the house number has only one digit, then
two values that is negative, the first value there are three (i.e., 2, 3, and 5) house
must be negative while the second is numbers. If the house number has two
positive, or the first value must be positive digits, then there are 3 × 2 = 6 different
while the second is negative. house numbers. If the house number has
 2 2   1 1 4 1 5 three digits, then there are 3 × 2 × 1 = 6
 ×  +  ×  = + = Answer different house numbers. 6 + 6 + 3 = 15
 3 3   3 3 9 9 9 Answer
19. We can list those numbers that have 26. Let x = the middle (i.e., 5th) number. Then:
consecutive identical digits: 100, 110 - 119, (x - 4) + (x - 3) + (x - 2) + (x - 1) + x +
(x + 1) + (x + 2 ) + (x + 3) + (x + 4) =

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Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

13 × 9 = 117 TARGET ROUND

9x = 117
x = 13 1. The problem asks for the maximum number
(If there are an odd number of consecutive of consecutive positive integers that can be
integers the average is always the middle added together before the sum exceeds 400.
one!) To get the maximum, the smallest numbers
(x - 4) + (x + 4) = 2x = 13 × 2 = 26 Answer must be used so we start with 1. The sum of
27. Let l = the length of the rectangle. the first n integers can be represented as:
Let w = the width of the rectangle. n
lw = 2(l + w) ( n + 1)
2
lw must be an even number
n2 + n
If l + w = 2, then lw = 4 but there is no way ≤ 400
for this to work, since l = w = 1 and 1 × 1 = 2
1 (not to mention that this would make the n 2 + n ≤ 800
rectangle a square). If l + w = 3, then we get It helps to re-represent the left hand side as a
the choices of (1,2) or (2,1) but 1 × 2 = 2. If multiplication of two consecutive integers:
l + w = 4, then lw = 8, but again the only ( n)( n + 1) ≤ 800
solution we can get is a product of 3 (i.e., To get the value closest to 800, look for n
(1,3)). If l + w = 5, lw = 10 and the closest such that:
we can get is 3 × 2 = 6. But we're getting
n 2 ≤ 800
closer. If l + w = 6, then lw = 12 and we can
get choices of 5 and 8 (for 1 × 5 or 2 × 4). If 282 = 784
292 = 841
l + w = 7, then lw = 14 and we can get
28 is the largest number whose square is
choices of 6, 10, 12. If l + w = 8, then lw =
16 and the choices are 7, 12, 15. If l + w = closest to 800.
9, then lw = 18 and the choices are 8, 14, But 28 ×29 = 812. This is too large. Try
18!!! The 18 is produced if the length is 3 one number smaller.
and the width is 6 (or vice versa). 18 27 × 28 = 756
Answer That's as close as we can get.
28. 1 mile = 5280 feet Therefore, n = 27.
5280 × 12 5280 × 12 5280 27
= = = 1 + 2 + ... + 26 + 27 = 28 × =
1056 88 × 12 88 2
660 14 × 27 = 378
= 60 = πd (To check, try 1 + ... + 28:
11
28
60 1 + ... + 28 = 29 × = 29 × 14 = 406
d= ≈ 19.09 ≈ 19 Answer 2
π 28 is too large. 27 Answer
29. If 12 and 15 are factors of x, then x must be 2. If the ratio is 4:3 (Al to Bob) then we can let
a multiple of 12 and 15. The LCM of 12 4x represent Al's land and 3x represent
and 15 is 60 and its factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Bob's land.
6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60 for a total of 12 4x + 3x = 280
factors. 60 Answer 7x = 280
1 x = 40
30. pop = 1 peep
4 4 × 40 = 160 Answer
3 3. The cost of n shirts from Acme T-Shirt is
slug = pop 50 + 9n.
5
The cost of n shirts from Beta T-Shirt is 14n.
slap = 2 slug
If we're looking for the minimum number of
3 6
slap = 2 slug = 2 × pop = pop = shirts for which a customer saves money by
5 5 using Acme,
6 5 6 50 + 9n < 14n
× peep = peep = 150% peep 50 < 5n
5 4 4
150 Answer 10 < n
If n = 10, they cost the same, i.e., $140.
If n = 11 the Acme costs 50 + 99 = $149.

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Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

Beta costs 14 × 11 = $154. 6z = 2y

n = 11 Answer 3z = y
4. The area of the shaded region is 276π square y - z = 3z - z = 2z = length of EC
The ratio of DE to EC is:
z 1
= Answer
feet. The radius of the larger circle 2z 2
is 6 feet more than the radius of the smaller 6. Take the sum of the elements in the first
circle. row:
Let x = the radius of the smaller circle.
Then x + 6 = the radius of the larger circle.
The area of the larger circle is:
π(x + 6)2 = π(x2 + 12x + 36)
The area of the smaller circle is:
πx2 (3a + 4b) + (a + 3b) + (a - 2b) = 15
The difference between the two circles is the 5a + 5b = 15
area of the shaded region or 276π. We can a + b = 3 Answer
represent this as: 7. When 60 is divided by k2 , the remainder is
π(x2 + 12x + 36) - πx2 = 276π 6. This means that 60 - 6, or 54 is divisible
Factor out π. by k2 with no remainder. What square
x2 + 12x + 36 - x2 = 276 divides 54 with no remainder, besides 1? 4
12x + 36 = 276 does not divide 54. 9 does. Therefore, k =
Divide by 12. 3. When 100 is divided by 3, the remainder
x + 3 = 23 is 1. Answer
x = 20 8. When an isosceles right triangle is inscribed
x + 6 = 26 Answer in a circle of radius 4 inches, it is actually
5. The ratio of the area of triangle ADE to the half of a square inscribed within the circle
area of quadrilateral ABCE is 1:5. whose diagonal is also a diameter of the
Let x = the length of AD.
Let y = the length of AB
circle. The hypotenuse of the triangle
Let z = the length of DE
is the diameter of the circle. Therefore, its
length is 8. Let x = the length of a side of
the triangle. Then:
x2 + x2 = 82 = 64
Then the length of EC can be represented as 2x2 = 64
y - z. x2 = 32
The area of triangle ADE is: x = 32 ≈ 5.656854249
1 The perimeter is:
xz
2 8 + 2 32 ≈ 19.3137085 ≈ 19.3 Answer
The area of rectangle ABCD is xy.
The area of quadrilateral ABCE is the TEAM ROUND
difference between the area of rectangle
ABCD and triangle ADE or: 1. A point (x,y) is randomly selected such that
1 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 4. The probability that
xy − xz
2 2 1
The ratio between the triangle and x ≤ 2 is = . The probability that y ≤ 2 is
8 4
quadrilateral is:
2 1
1 1 z = . The probability that x ≤ 2 and y ≤ 2
xz z 4 2
2 = 2 = 2 =
2y − z 1 1 1
1
xy − xz y − z
1 is × = Answer
2 2 2 4 2 8
2. The integers 1, 2, 3, ..., n, are equally-spaced
z 1
= around a circle. The numbers 17 and 54 are
2y − z 5 located at opposite ends of the same
5z = 2y - z diameter. To determine what n is, let's look

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Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

at a much simpler example. If you have the 3 3 9

numbers 1 through 6 and equally space them and its area is x × y = xy
2 2 4
around a circle, the number 1 will be Now, determine the ratio of the wallet-sized
opposite the number 4, 2 will be opposite 5, picture to the area of the portrait-sized
and 3 will be opposite 6. Note that the picture:
positive difference between those pairs is 3.
1
This means that there are 3 numbers per xy
4 xy 1
semi-circle. For the original case all that = = Answer
needs to be done is to find the positive 9 9xy 9
xy
difference between the two values and 4
multiply it by 2. 54 - 17 = 37 5. Let's look at February, whose numerical
37 × 2 = 74 Answer equivalent is 2. Every other day is relatively
3. Draw a rectangle whose length is from the prime, for a total of 14. Now, think about it.
center of one circle to the center of an We're looking for the smallest number of
adjacent circle and whose width is from the days that are relatively prime. This means
center of the circle to its circumference. we're looking for a number with many
factors. 6 and 12 both have factors of 2 and
3, but June has fewer dates than December.
Those dates that are relatively prime are 6/1,
6/5, 6/7, 6/11, 6/13, 6/17, 6/19, 6/23, 6/25,
Then the length of the and 6/29. There are a total of 10. Answer
rectangle is 2r, or 4, and the width of the 6. There is 1 hexagon in Stage 1. There are 7
rectangle is r, or 2. Thus the belt can be hexagons (2 + 3 + 2) in Stage 2. There are
broken down into 3 lengths of the rectangle 19 hexagons (3 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 3) in Stage 3.
1 Determine the pattern. If n is the number of
and 3, circles where the radius is 2. the Stage, then the pattern is:
3 n, n + 1, ..., 2n - 2, 2n - 1, 2n - 2, ..., n + 1, n
1 Therefore, for n = 10, the number of
(Each circular part of the belt is of a
3 hexagons in each row is:
circle. This can be shown by drawing 10, 11, 12, ..., 18, 19, 18, ..., 10
rectangles as described above through all 3 10 + 11 + 12 + ... + 18, + 19 + 18 + ... + 10
circles. An equilateral triangle is formed = 2 × (10 + 11 + ... + 18) + 19 =
connecting the 3 centers of the circles. This
2 × ( (10 + 18 )× ) + 19 =
9
means that each angle in the triangle is 60°. 2
The adjacent angles are the right angles of
 9
the rectangles. Therefore, the only angle not 2 ×  28 ×  + 19 = (2 × 14 × 9) + 19 =
accounted for is 360 - (60 + 90 + 90) = 360 -  2
240 = 120.) 252 + 19 = 271 Answer
1 7. Let x = the number of problems that Aaron
3 × 2r + 3 × πr2 = must solve for both sponsors to donate the
3
same amount of money. The first sponsor
3
3 × 4 + π × 4 = 12 + 4π Answer donates 500(cents) + 5x. The second
3 sponsor donates 200 +15x.
4. Let x = the length of the original photo. 500 + 5x = 200 + 15x
Let y = the width of the original photo. 300 = 10x
Both dimensions of the wallet-size picture x = 30 Answer
are 50% smaller. Therefore, the dimensions 8. An isosceles triangle has two sides of the
1 1 same length. Let this length be x. Let y be
of the wallet-sized picture are x and y the third side. Then:
2 2
1 1 1 2x + y = 40
and its area is x × y = xy The third side of a triangle must be less than
2 2 4 the sum of the other two sides. Thus,
Both dimensions of the portrait-sized picture y < 2x
are 50% larger. Therefore, the dimensions If y = 2x (which it doesn't, of course), then
3 3 2x + 2x = 40
of the portrait-sized picture are x and y
2 2 4x = 40

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Mathcounts Chapter Competition 2001

x = 10
x must be 1 greater in order for the
inequality to hold. Then:
2 × 11 + y = 40
22 + y = 40
y = 18 Answer
9. f(x) = x2 + 1 if x < 0
f(x) = 4 - x if x ≥ 0
g(x) = 2x if x < 5
g(x) = 3x if x ≥ 5
f(1) = 4 - 1 = 3
g(3) = 2 × 3 = 6
g(f(1)) = 6 Answer
10. ABCD is a square. We must total up the
number of squares that have two or more
vertices in the set {A, B, C, D}. The first
four are drawn above, below and to the left

and right of the square. The next

four are drawn using the diagonals of the

square. The next four squares

are created by making the center of the
square a vertex and using two adjacent
vertices of the original square as opposite
vertices in the new squares.

Finally, there is the original square

itself. 4 + 4 + 4 + 1 = 13 Answer

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