Q1a) Purpose of final keyword when applied to variables
➡■ Makes the variable constant (value cannot be changed once assigned).
Q1b) Purpose of javap tool
➡■ Disassembler tool that shows bytecode and method/field details of compiled .class files.
Q1c) 1D array declaration in Java
➡■ int arr[] = new int[5];
Q1d) Object class in Java
➡■ Parent (superclass) of all classes in Java; every class directly or indirectly inherits it.
Q1e) Wrapper class in Java
➡■ Converts primitive data types into objects (e.g., Integer, Double).
Q1f) Role of extends keyword
➡■ Used for inheritance — one class inherits properties/methods of another.
Q1g) Purpose of BufferedReader class
➡■ Reads text from input stream efficiently using buffering.
Q1h) Define Exception
➡■ An event that disrupts the normal flow of program execution.
Q1i) Package for event handling
➡■ [Link]
Q1j) Two Swing GUI components
➡■ JButton, JTextField
Q1k) What is Bytecode?
➡■ Intermediate code generated by Java compiler, executed by JVM.
Q1l) Characteristics of Inheritance
➡■ 1) Code reusability 2) Method overriding
Q1m) Use of this keyword
➡■ Refers to current object, used to access instance variables, methods, or constructors.
Q1n) Is constructor overloading possible?
➡■ Yes, by having multiple constructors with different parameters.
Q1o) What is AWT?
➡■ Abstract Window Toolkit, used for GUI in Java.
Q1p) Use of Adapter class
➡■ Provides default implementation of listener interfaces, so programmer overrides only required
methods.
Q1q) Types of Checked Exception
➡■ IOException, SQLException
Q1r) Scanner vs BufferedReader
➡■ Scanner parses primitives, slower; BufferedReader reads text line by line, faster for bulk input.
Q1s) Use of toString() method
➡■ Converts object into string representation.
Q1t) Any two Event classes
➡■ ActionEvent, KeyEvent
Q1u) Two datatypes in Java
➡■ int, float
Q1v) Use of abstract keyword
➡■ To define abstract classes/methods.
Q1w) Interface
➡■ Blueprint of a class with abstract methods.
Q1x) Two Reader classes
➡■ FileReader, BufferedReader
Q1y) End-of-file check
➡■ read() returns -1.
Q1z) Panel in AWT
➡■ Container used to hold components.
Q1aa) Two Layout Managers
➡■ FlowLayout, BorderLayout
Q1ab) Can final methods be overridden?
➡■ No, final methods cannot be overridden.
Q1ac) Listener in Java
➡■ Object that waits for an event (e.g., ActionListener, KeyListener).
Q1ad) Command line arguments
➡■ Passed via String[] args in main().
Q1ae) throw vs throws
➡■ throw: used to throw an exception; throws: declares exceptions in method signature.
Q1af) Purpose of javac
➡■ Java compiler (compiles .java to .class).
Q2a) Constructors in Java + Overloading + this keyword
➡■ Constructor initializes objects; overloading allows multiple constructors with different
parameters; this calls another constructor in the same class.
Q2b) Example program using Inheritance and super keyword
➡■ Dog extends Animal; Dog constructor calls super() to invoke Animal constructor.
Q2c) FileReader vs FileWriter
➡■ FileReader reads char data, FileWriter writes char data.
Q2d) Layouts in Swing
➡■ FlowLayout arranges left-to-right; BorderLayout divides into 5 regions.
Q2e) Command line arguments in Java
➡■ Passed during execution, accessed via args[] in main().
Q3a) Object vs Reference variable
➡■ Object is real entity created with new; Reference variable stores object address.
Q3b) Methods of Character wrapper class
➡■ isDigit(), isLetter().
Q3c) Use of length property (arrays)
➡■ Returns number of elements in array; [Link].
Q3d) Use of JFileChooser
➡■ Allows users to choose files/directories.
Q3e) Runtime Polymorphism
➡■ Achieved via method overriding (Animal → Dog example).
Q4a) Method Overloading vs Overriding
➡■ Overloading: same name, different params, compile-time; Overriding: same signature in
subclass, runtime.
Q4b) Access Specifiers
➡■ public, private, protected, default.
Q4c) Marker Interface
➡■ Interface with no methods (e.g., Serializable).
Q4d) Exception Types
➡■ Checked and Unchecked exceptions.
Q4e) Swing vs AWT
➡■ Swing lightweight, platform-independent, rich GUI; AWT heavyweight, platform-dependent.
Q5a) Constructor types
➡■ Default, Parameterized, Copy constructors.
Q5b) Class vs Instance variables
➡■ Class variables declared static, shared; Instance variables unique per object.
Q5c) Purpose of abstract keyword
➡■ Used to define abstract classes/methods.
Q5d) Top of Exception Hierarchy
➡■ Class: Throwable; Interface: Serializable.
Q5e) JFileChooser syntax
➡■ JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(); [Link](null);
FileReader FileWriter
Reads data from files. Writes data to files.
Character-based input. Character-based output.
Returns int (character code). Writes single char/array/string.
Example: new FileReader('[Link]'); Example: new FileWriter('[Link]');