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Aircraft Propulsion Systems Explained

Chapter 9 discusses the principles of aerospace propulsion systems, focusing on how engines and propellers generate thrust for aircraft. It outlines various types of engines, including piston, turbine, turboprop, and rocket engines, and explains the operation of turbojet and turbofan engines based on Newton's Third Law of Motion. The chapter emphasizes the importance of thrust in overcoming drag for aircraft acceleration and performance evaluation.

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3 views3 pages

Aircraft Propulsion Systems Explained

Chapter 9 discusses the principles of aerospace propulsion systems, focusing on how engines and propellers generate thrust for aircraft. It outlines various types of engines, including piston, turbine, turboprop, and rocket engines, and explains the operation of turbojet and turbofan engines based on Newton's Third Law of Motion. The chapter emphasizes the importance of thrust in overcoming drag for aircraft acceleration and performance evaluation.

Uploaded by

salahle2005
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 9 AIRCRAFT POWER

1. Objectives of the chapter:


This chapter provides the basic principles of aerospace propulsive
systems used in aircraft propulsion. To model their behavior and to introduce
students to performance evaluation and different engine components.

Figure 1 Aircraft Thrust


2. Aircraft Propulsion:
An aircraft propulsion system comprises an engine and a propeller or a
propulsive nozzle, which converts motion from an engine and generates thrust
(T). Also propulsion is defined as a machine that produces thrust (T) to push an
object forward. The thrust is generated when the engine is accelerated by gas or
any other working fluid which makes the engine produce the force. The thrust
generated by the propulsion system, first of all, is responsible for drag balance
of the aircraft when it is cruising. Secondly, thrust from the propulsion system
must exceed the drag of the airplane for the aircraft to accelerate.

Figure 1 Aircraft Propulsion System

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3. Air propulsion and engines:
In aerospace industry there are numerous types of engines for a variety of aircraft,
among them there are:
o Piston engines (or reciprocating engines),
o Turbine engines (true-jet,..),
o Turboprop, and turboshaft engines), and
o Rocket engines (see airplane: Propulsion systems; rocket).

4. The most powerful aircraft’s jet engines


There are two main types of engines to consider if we are talking of Gas Turbines
which use Newton's 3rd law to operate. Newton's Third Law of Motion which states
that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. The action
force are the air particles accelerating aft, the reaction force is on the engin e itself,
accelerating forward.
One of these engines is:

1. Turbojet engine the other is,


2. Turbofan engine.

Both works on the same principle. Air gets compressed, which increases the
potential energy (Ep) and pressure (P) of it. Then it gets burned by the addition of fuel
in the combustion chamber. The heated gases, then expand (reduces the pressure and
increase the kinetic energy) and turns the turbine. This creates a force backwards. This
air forms a Newton's Third Law pair and propels the airplane forward (Thrust T).

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Figure 2 The major components of the turbojet engine

Figure 3 The major components of the turbofan engine

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