EVOLUTION
Assertion and Reason type of question
1. Assertion (A): Evolutionary biology is the study of history of life forms on earth
Reason (R): Origin of the life is considered a unique event in the history of universe
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
2. Assertion (A): When we see stars we apparently are peeping into the past
Reason (R): What we see today is an object whose emitted light started its journey
millions of year back and from trillions of kilometres away and reaching our eyes now
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
3. Assertion (A): Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that life comes
only from pre-existing life
Reason (R): He showed that in pre-sterilised flasks, life did not come from killed yeast
while in another flask open to air, new living organisms arose from ‘killed yeast’
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
4. Assertion (A): Spontaneous generation theory was dismissed once and for all
Reason (R): Louis Pasteur did not answer how the first life form came on earth
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
5. Assertion (A): Primitive atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere
Reason (R): In the primitive atmosphere oxygen in free gaseous state was absent and
hydrogen was abundant of all
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
6. Assertion (A): Ozone layer was absent in the primitive atmosphere
Reason (R): Oxygen in the free gaseous state was absent in the primitive atmosphere
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
7. Assertion (A): Louis Pasteur demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life
Reason (R): He proved by his pre-sterilised flasks, new living organisms arose from
killed yeast
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
8. Assertion (A): Primitive / Primordial atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere
Reason (R): Being lighter, H2 escaped into atmosphere and oxygen was in the form of
H2O, CO2 and others
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
9. Assertion (A): First evolved cells (protocells) were anaerobes
Reason (R): In the primordial earth’s atmosphere free oxygen was absent
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
10. Assertion (A): In the primitive earth O2 was released into the atmosphere after the
evolution of oxygenic photoautotrophs
Reason (R): Oxygenic Photoautotrophs in their photosynthesis release free O2
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
11. Assertion (A): In the primitive atmosphere O3 layer is formed only after the evolution of
photoautotrophs
Reason (R): The O2 liberated by oxygenic photoautotrophs formed the O 3 layer in the
primitive atmosphere
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
12. Assertion (A): In the primitive earth UV radiation reached the earth surface to supply
energy for various chemical reactions
Reason (R): In the primitive earth’s atmosphere O3 layer was absent
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
13. Assertion (A): The first cellular form of life did not possibly originate till about 2000
million years ago
Reason (R): All life forms were in water environment only
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
14. Assertion (A): Population which is fit in nature, will survive more and selected by nature
Reason (R): Population which is better fit in environment leave more progeny than
others
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
15. Assertion (A): The fitness refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness.
(acc. to Darwin)
Reason (R): Those who are better fit in an environment leave more progeny than others
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
16. Assertion (A): The geological history of earth closely correlated with the biological
history of earth
Reason (R): Ancestors were present at different periods in the history of earth and new
forms or life arose at different periods of history of earth
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
17. Assertion (A): According to Darwin, fitness means reproductive fitness
Reason (R): Those who are better fit in the environment will leave more progeny
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
18. Assertion (A): According to Wallace, in due course of time apparently new types of
organisms are recognisable
Reason (R): The earth is very old not thousands of year but billions of years old
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
19. Assertion (A): A single large mutation called saltation can provide new species
Reason (R): Mutations are directionless
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
20. Assertion (A): Thom of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita is an example for
homology
Reason (R): They have same origin but perform different functions
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
21. Assertion (A): Homology indicates common ancestry
Reason (R): Homologous organs have similar anatomical structures
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
22. Assertion (A): In a mixed population of moths, no variant is completely wiped out
Reason (R): Predators can spot a moth against a contrasting background
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
23. Assertion (A): Lichens act as industrial pollution indicators
Reason (R): They do not grow in areas that are polluted
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
24. Assertion (A): In a mixed population of moths no variant is completely wiped out in the
event of industrial melanism
Reason (R): Predators can spot a moth against a contrasting background
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
25. Assertion (A): Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism.
Reason (R): It is based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organism
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
26. Assertion (A): In England, before industrialisation set in, more white winged moths were
collected than melanised moth
Reason (R): Predators spotted melanised moths against a contrasting background.
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
27. Assertion (A): After industrialisation dark winged or melanised moths were more in
number
Reason (R): They were able to camouflage themselves, i.e., hide in the background
survived
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
28. Assertion (A): Selection of resistant varieties resistant microbes against antibiotics and
resistant eukaryotic organisms against drugs tells us that evolution is a stochastic process
Reason (R): Evolution of Darwin was gradual
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
29. Assertion (A): The rate of appearance of new forms is linked to the life cycle or the life
span of organisms
Reason (R): The organisms with short life span have ability to produce more progeny in
shorter time and that have chance to more exposure to nature
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
30. Assertion (A): New forms of life have arisen at different times in the history of earth
Reason (R): Life forms varied over time and certain life forms are restricted to certain
geological time spans
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
31. Assertion (A): Lemur and spotted cuscus exhibit convergent evolution.
Reason (R): They appear similar but evolved from different ancestors
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
32. Assertion (A): H.W principle says that the allelic frequencies in a population are stable
and is constant from generation to generation
Reason (R): Change of frequency of alleles in a population would then interpreted as
resulting in evolution
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
33. Assertion (A): Fore limbs of whales, bats, cheetah and human perform different
functions and have similar anatomical structure
Reason (R): In the above animals same structures (Fore limbs) developed along different
directions due to adaptations to different needs
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
34. Assertion (A): Wings of birds and of butterfly are not anatomically similar but they
perform similar functions
Reason (R): The similar habitat that has resulted in selection of similar adaptive features
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
35. Assertion (A): Pouched mammals of Australia survived due to continental drift
Reason (R): In Australia, placental mammals corresponding marsupial inhabiting same
area share analogous organs
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
36. Assertion (A): Wings of butterfly and of birds represent analogy
Reason (R): They are anatomically similar structures though they perform similar
functions
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
37. Assertion (A): The first non-cellular forms of life could have originated 3000 million
years back
Reason (R): They would have been giant molecules
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
38. Assertion (A): Placental mammals exhibit adaptive radiation
Reason (R): Placental mammals are different from each other evolved from an ancestral
stock, but all within the Australian island continent
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
39. Assertion (A): Darwin’s finches of Galapagos Islands have different types of modified
beaks
Reason (R): Adaptive radiation led to the development of different functional structures
from a common ancestral form according to their food habits
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
40. Assertion (A): Haeckel proposed the embryological similarities as an evidence of
evolution
Reason (R): The embryos of all vertebrates including humans develop a row of vestigial
gill silts which are absent in adult vertebrates except in same organisms
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
41. Assertion (A): Tasmanian Wolf and placental wolf are the good example of convergent
evolution
Reason (R): When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an
isolated geographical area (representing different habitats) one can call this
convergent evolution
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
42. Assertion (A): Darwin’s finches are an example of adaptive radiation
Reason (R): Different finch species evolved from a common ancestor due to varying
food sources in different areas of a geographical region
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
43. Assertion (A): Population sizes in reality are limited
Reason (R): There had been competition for resources
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
44. Assertion (A): There must be genetic basis for getting selected and to evolve
Reason (R): The So-called fitness is based on characteristics which are inherited
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
45. Assertion (A): Adaptive ability is inherited
Reason (R): It has genetic basis
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
46. Assertion (A): The rate of appearance of new forms is more in microbes
Reason (R): Life span of microbes is less
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
47. Assertion (A): Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution
Reason (R): Those who better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than other,
therefore will survive more and hence selected by nature.
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
48. Assertion (A): To Darwin, evolutions is descent with modification
Reason (R): According to Darwin new species are evolved due to cumulative effect of
fluctuating variations
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
49. Assertion (A): Mutations are considered the driving force of evolution
Reason (R): Mutation is the source of genetic variation and beneficial mutations tend to
accumulate
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false
50. Assertion (A): The primitive atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere
Reason (R): The primitive atmosphere was hot with abundant hydrogen and absence of
free oxygen
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are false