Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025
Computational Geometry
Last update: July 10, 2025
1 Power of a point I
1.1 Lecture problems
1. (a) Let P be the intersection of diagonals of convex quadrilateral ABCD. Then ABCD is cyclic if
and only if P A · P C = P B · P D.
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(b) Let Q be the intersection of opposite sides AB, CD of a convex quadrilateral ABCD. Then
ABCD is cyclic if and only if QA · QB = QC · QD.
(c) Let ABC be a triangle and P a point on the line BC outside of the segment BC. Then P A is
at
tangent to the circumcircle of 4ABC if and only if P A2 = P B · P C.
2. (Power of a Point) Let P be a point and ω a circle. Let ` be an arbitrary line passing through P and
intersecting ω at X, Y , respectively. Then the quantity P X · P Y does not depend on the choice of `.
If we denote the center of ω by O and its radius by R then P X · P Y = |OP 2 − R2 |. The quantity
eM p(P, ω) = OP 2 − R2
is called the power of point P with respect to circle ω. Hence the points inside ω have negative power
to it, and the points outside of ω have positive power to it. Also, the locus of points which have given
power p to ω is a circle concentric with ω.
3. If P is outside of ω, then OP 2 − R2 = P T 2 , where T is the point where line through P
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Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025
1.2 Problems
Problem 1: Let ABC be a non-right triangle with orthocenter H and let M, N be points on its sides AB and AC.
Prove that the common chord of circles with diameters CM and BN passes through H.
Problem 2: Let ABC be a triangle. A circle tangent to BC and AC intersects AB at K and L. Prove that
|AK − BL| ≤ |AC − BC|.
Problem 3: Let ω be the incircle of square ABCD. Diagonal AC meets circle ω at E, such that AE < EC. Segment
BE intersects ω at point F. Prove that EF = 2 · BF.
Problem 4: Let ABCDEF be a convex hexagon. It is known that the quadrilaterals ABCD, CDEF, and EF AB,
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are cyclic. Prove that hexagon ABCDEF is cyclic.
Problem 5: Let circles ω, ω 0 intersect at A, B and let P be a point on the segment AB. Line l1 through P intersects
ω at K and L, and line l2 through P intersects ω 0 at M and N . Prove that the points K, L, M , N lie on a circle.
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Problem 6: Circle ω and points A, B outside the circle are given. For each line ` that passes through A and
intersects ω at M and N , consider the circumcircle of triangle BM N . Prove that either all these circles have a
common point other than B or they are all tangent to the same line at the same point.
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Problem 7: Let ω1 , ω2 be disjoint congruent circles with centers O1 , O2 and let P be a point laying outside both
circles. Let P A1 , P B1 be tangent to ω1 while segments P A2 , P B2 are tangent to ω2 . Denote by Q the intersection
of A1 B1 , and A2 B2 . Prove that midpoint of segment P Q is equidistant to O1 , O2 .
Problem 8: Semi-circles with centres O1 and O2 are drawn on chords AB and CD of a circle Γ such that they are
tangent at T. The line through O1 and O2 intersects Γ at E and F. Prove that O1 A − O2 C = O1 E − O2 F.
Problem 9: The incircle and excircle of triangle ABC touch the side AC at point P and Q respectively. The lines
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BP and BQ meets the circumcircle Ω of triangle ABC for the second time at P 0 and Q0 . Prove that P P 0 > QQ0 .
Problem 10: Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with circumcenter O and orthocenter H. Prove that
OH 2 = R2 (1 − 8 cos A cos B cos C).
Problem 11: Let P be a point in the plane of triangle ABC. Let P1 , P2 , P3 be projections of P on the sides BC,
CA and AB of triangle ABC. The triangle P1 P2 P3 is called the pedal triangle of P wrt ABC. Prove that
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1 2
[P1 P2 P3 ] = |R − OP 2 | sin ∠A sin ∠B sin ∠C,
2
where O is the circumcenter and R circumradius of ABC.
Conclude that the locus of a variable point whose pedal triangle has a fixed area is a circle concetric with the
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circumcircle. Conclude Simson’s Theorem.