Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025

Computational Geometry
Last update: June 30, 2025

1 Triangle I

1.1 Lecture Problems

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2. Prove the (extended) law of sines:
a
= 2R,
sin ∠A

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where R is the standard notation for the circumradius of 4ABC.
3. (Ratio Lemma) In triangle ABC, let D ∈ BC and denote by α1 , α2 the angles ∠BAD and ∠DAC,
respectively. Then

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BD
DC
c
= , BD =
b
BD
DC
=

ac
b+c
AB sin α1
·
AC sin α2

and CD =
.

4. (Angle Bisector Theorem) The angle bisector of ∠A of the triangle ABC intersects the opposite side
BC at D. Prove that
ab
b+c
.
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5. Calculating the area of a triangle:
(a) Prove that [ABC] = 12 bc sin ∠A.
(b) Prove that [ABC] = rs where r is the inradius and s = a+b+c
2 is the semiperimeter of the triangle.
1
√
2
(c) Heron’s Formula: Use [ABC] = 2 bc 1 − cos A to prove that the area of 4ABC, denoted by
[ABC], is equal to p
s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
es

a+b+c
where we define the semiperimeter s = 2 .
6. (Stewart’s Theorem) Let ABC be a triangle with BC = a, CA = b, and AB = c. D is on BC with
BD = m and CD = n. Prove that
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dad + man = bmb + cnc.

1.2 Problems
Problem 1: Triangle ABC has a right angle at B and contains a point P such that P A = 10, P B = 6, and
∠AP B = ∠BP C = ∠CP A. Find P C.

Problem 2: Let a, b, c, d be lines through point P . A line ` intersects these lines at A, B, C, D, respectively. Prove
that the quantity
AC · BD
BC · AD
does not depend on the choice of line `.

Problem 3: Let Ω be a circle and let A, B be any points. On circle Ω find point X such that AX 2 + BX 2 attains
the maximal value.

1
Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025

Problem 4: Let ABCD be a parallelogram. Prove that

2(AB 2 + BC 2 ) = AC 2 + BD2 .

Problem 5: (Steiner-Lehmus) Prove that if two internal angle bisectors of given triangle have equal length, then
the triangle is isosceles.

Problem 6: Let ABCD be a rectangle. Prove that for any point X (not necessarily inside the rectangle)

AX 2 + CX 2 = BX 2 + DX 2 .

Problem 7: Prove that the shortest median is drawn to the longest side.

Problem 8: Two circles (Ω1 , r1 ) and (Ω2 , r2 ) are internally tangent to a circle (Ω, R) through A, B, respectively.

h
Prove that the length of the common external tangent of Ω1 and Ω2 is given by:
AB p
(R − r1 )(R − r2 ).

at
R
Can you find similar formula when Ω1 and Ω2 are both external or external and internal tangent to Ω?

Problem 9: Prove that medians AA1 and BB1 of triangle ABC are perpendicular iff a2 + b2 = 5c2 .

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Problem 10: Solve in reals x, y, z the following system of equation







q
q
y = z2 −
q
z = x2 −

1
x = y 2 − 16

25
1
36
q
+ z 2 − 16
1
q
+
q
x2 −
+ y2 −
1

1
25
1
36
om
es
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