beg-`kg †kÖwY ● imvqb ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

Aa¨vq—3: c`v‡_©i MVb



64 64
29X 30Y

 1bs cª‡kœi DËi 


(A) − 4W 12X 20Y 29Z

(Z) W, X, Y Z
64
29X 64 −29 = 35
64 3Li 11Na
30Y 64 − 30 = 34
64 64
29X 30Y
29, 30
64, 64
−
 2bs cª‡kœi DËi 

3Li 11Na
22s1
3 Li→1s
2 2s2 2p6 3s1
11 Na→1s
(Li) (Na)

4W 1s2 2s2 2
12X 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 2
20Y 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p6 4s2 2
29Z 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d104s1 1
 29Z Z 4s
4W, 12X, 20Y 2 3d 9
3d 1

29Z
d9 d10
d9s2 d10s1
Z 4s 1
3d
29Z
s p, p d
29Z
1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
29Z 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d104s1

 4s 3d
26A, 29B
A B

d10s2 d5s1

Cu(29) → 1s22s22p6 3s23 p6 3d10 4s1

26A 26
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi 
Fe (Fe)

(Isomer)
Fe(26) → 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d6 4s2 (

Cl Cl

29B 29
(Cu)
2
(Fe)
Fe* (26) → 1s2 2s22p6 2s23p6 3d5 4s2 4px1 4py 4pz
‘*’
(orbit)
p
(orbital) s, p, d f
(px, py, pz) p
s
p 2
2, p 6, d 10 f 14
p

‘3’


 iii.

 4bs cª‡kœi DËi 

i.

ii.

iii.
i.
iv.

v.

ii.

  

 5bs cª‡kœi DËi 

2 32P
16
2
(O2) = 16  2 = 32 g. (mechanism)

  
 Ca 20 2 8 8 2

 2n2 M 10

P 12 6
Q 14 6 (orbit)
R 40 20 (Ca)

99mTc

P Q
R

6+
 6bs cª‡kœi DËi  +

Fe(26) → 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s23p6 3d64s2

99mTc  ‘m’
(metastable)
99mTc 99Tc

99m Tc

P Q
 7bs cª‡kœi DËi 

P Q
i.
6 12 14
P Q
ii.
R ‘20’ ‘40’
(Ca)

1911

K L M N
 Y
X
n=1
e

n=2

A B

19 3d
4s
B X Y

 8bs cª‡kœi DËi 

3d 4s
19 3d
4s

K(19)→1s22s22p63s23p63d4s1 3d
18 19 3d
4s

4s
3d
3d
4s

B X Y
n =2 n = 3 L M
L M

L 2s 8 2s2 2p6
2p
M 3s 18 3s2 3p6 3d10
3p
3d
A

A
B

 (A)
A
B
A
(B)
 11
5B
5, 11
B
2, 3
n = 1, 2, 3 K, L, M
−
11
A 11 − 5 = 6
5B
10 11
5B 5B
A 10
B 5B 20%
11
A 100 − 20% =
5B
80%

B,
10B 11B

10 11
20 80
 (10  20  100) + (11  80  100)
10 11 = 2 + 8.8
5 B 5B = 10.8
20% 10.8

N 

14
C, 99mTc, 131I, 153Sm, 89Sr, 60Co, 238Pu, 32P, 137Cs.

 9bs cª‡kœi DËi 

N 32

 10bs cª‡kœi DËi 

10 10
5 B 5B   
2, 3 =5 = 10

− (10 − 5)
=5
 99mTc, 153Sm, 89Sr, 60Co,

131I, 32P,238Pu, 137Cs

 11bs cª‡kœi DËi 
99mTc

99mTc  'm' K(n = 1) 1 1s(1

metastable 99mTc 2
99Tc L(n = 2) 2 2s, 2p
99mTc→ 99Tc + P 6
153Sm 89Sr M (n = 3) 3 3s, 3p, 3d
d 10
60Co 
131I, N(n = 4) 4 4s, 4p, 4d,
32P 137Cs 4 f 14
238Pu X 12
2, 8, 2 K, L M
60Co 32P

32
15P
→ 32P  1s
32P 2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d
7s 7p

X
60Co
1s22s22p63s2
X

12X, 20Z, 23A, 26Y

X(12) → 2, 8, 2
Z(20) → 2, 8, 8, 2
A(23) → 2, 8, 8, 5
Y(26) → 2, 8, 14, 2

X
K(n = 1) (1s)
L(n = 2) (2s 2p)
M(n = 3) (3s, 3p 3d)
X, Z, A, Y N(n = 4) (4s, 4p, 4d
 4f) K L M
11Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
X, Z, A Y K L M N
19K = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d0 4s1
K L M
X(12) → 1s2 K L M N
2s2 2p6 3s2 Cr(24) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
K L M N K L M N
Z(20) → 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d0 4s2 Cu(29) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
K L M N Cr(24) Cu(29) Na
A(23) → 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 K Na(11) K(19)
(2s1 4s1)
K L M N
Y(26) → 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
11A 13Z


X, Y, Z, A Cu, Cr, K, Na

11A, 19Z, 24Y, 29X

Na
K p6s1 Cr Cu

4Be 12Mg

np3, np6, nd5 nd10, nf7

nf14 d10 4s2 d5s1

Cr(24)
 12bs cª‡kœi DËi  K L M N
Cr(24) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2
Cr-
K L M N
4Be 12Mg
Cr (24) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
4s 3d
Cu(29)

K L K L M N
4Be Cu(29) : 1s2
1s2 2s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2
K L M Cr(29)
12Mg
1s2 2s22p6 3s2
4Be 12Mg K L M N
Cu(29) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

Cr(24) Cu(29)
Na, K, Cr Cu.
Na(11), K(19), Cr(24), Cu(29) 
 1H, 2H, 3H 4482  10–23g

 14bs cª‡kœi DËi 

1675  10-24
 13bs cª‡kœi DËi  (Ca)

1H, 2H 3H

1, 2 3
H
1

Ca

12

1
12 12
1
12
12
166  10−24
4482  10–23
4482  10–23
 166  10−24
= 27

1
 12
12

1
 12
12
H2O
H2O (2  1 + 16) = 18

 
-12 12
1 1
12 12
= 18  166  10−24
298  10−23
Ca 
 i.

−
− − ii.
K L M

−
iii. (n = 1)
(n = 2)-
IUPAC-
n=2
Zn 30
n=1

 15bs cª‡kœi DËi 

IUPAC International Union of Pure and i) i)
Applied Chemistry.
(Zn) 30

30
ii) ii)
(Zn)
(30) s–
p–

1913 d

iii) iii)

iv) K, L, M, iv) s, p, d,
N, O f, g

29
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1

3s < 3p < 4s < 3d

Cu (29) 3d94s2
 16bs cª‡kœi DËi  d
 16 23 53 130
A B C D
d9s2 d10s1 8 11 26 64

(29) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.

1913

A, B C
 17bs cª‡kœi DËi 

1 2 3
(1H, 1H 1H)
1
1, 2 3

i.

(A)
(A −
(Z)
Z)
16
8 16 8 8 8
8 A
ii. 23
11 23 11 11 12
11B
53
26 53 26 26 27
26C
130
64 130 64 64 66
64 D

iii. A, B C
8, 11 26
A(8) → K→2 L→6
→ 1s22s22p4
B(11) → K→2 L→8 M→1
→ 1s22s22p63s1
C(26) → K→2 L→8 M→14 N→2
→ 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2


60 99m 131
27Co , 43 Tc , 53 I

 18bs cª‡kœi DËi 

  
 19bs cª‡kœi DËi 
[K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O]

1
1 CuCO3 Cu(OH)2
1 C−12
12

60
27 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2 −9, −4
27Co
2 2 6 2 6 10 2
99m 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
43 −7, −5
43 Tc 4p64d65s1
131 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
53 −17, −5
53 I 4p64d105s25p5
60 99m 131
27Co, 43 Tc, 53 I

60 60Co
Co :
27

60Co 

99m
Tc : 
43
Tc −99m 99m Tc

A 12 12 12
131 131 B 13 14 13
I: I C 14 14 14
53
− D 15 16 15


 C
C
B C

 20bs cª‡kœi DËi 

A C
6.02  1023

A C

(8), 16 17
A C

A m
ZX
1
 12
12 Z = 11, A = 23, m = +1
11
23 +1,
C 14 12
1 −24
1.66  10 g
12
−24
C = (14  1.66  10 )g
−23
= 2.324  10 g

C
1
12
12 11 10
−23
2.324  10 23 –11 = 12
= −24 = 14
1.66  10 
B C e− 2n
2
n = 1, 2, 3 ...
B Al C Si K, L, M, N, O, P, Q
 e−

16
A 16
8O
23 +
B 23
11Na Ti Rb e−
17
C 17
8O Cr Cu e−

 22bs cª‡kœi DËi 

A C
23 +
11Na
 21bs cª‡kœi DËi 
Ti Rb e–
 


K L M N

Ti 22 2 8 8 4 Ti

Rb 37 2 8 18 9 Rb

(i) 27 12
Cr Cu e– 1
12

np3, np6, nd5, nd10, nf7 nf14

d10 4s1 d5s1
1
Cr(24) 12 12

K L M N 1
12
Cr(24) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2 12
Cr-
1
K L M N 12 1.66 
12
Cr(24) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 10−24g.
4s 3d (i)
Cu(29) (27  1.66  10−24)g
= 4.482  10−23g.
K L M N
(ii) 19K
Cr(29) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2 19K → 2 8 8 1
Cr(29) → 1s22s22p63s23p63d4s1
3d
K L M N 4s
Cu(29) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
Cr(24) Cu(29)

19K 1s22s22p63s23p63d1
 s d
i) 13Al ii) 19K

(i) 27

(ii) 3d
4s
 23bs cª‡kœi DËi 
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s <3d
 K (19)

K (19) → 1s22s22p63s23p63d4s1
4s 3d
3d
4s



 24bs cª‡kœi DËi 

e−

60Co

131 blood-leucamia  25bs cª‡kœi DËi 

(32P) 1840
 1911

1 1913
1H
1 1 0
2 2
1H 1D 1 2 1
3 3
1H 1T
1 3 2

1913

n K, L, M, N
n = 1, (K
n = 2 (L n- 3, 4, 5

M, N, O

n=1 n=2

n=2
n=1