April 2024
Examples of failure mode: Small Leak
POF is typically expressed in terms of: Frequency
The precision of the data should match: Complexity of the method used
PHA : affect POF side of the equation
Inspection is only effective if the examination technique chosen is sufficient for
detecting: the damage mechanism and its severity.
To understand the basis for the overall risk, it is essential that these factors be: captured
in the final documentation
Relationship between Accuracy and Precision: implied linkage of precision and accuracy
may not exist
Risk remaining after risk mitigation: residual risk
In most consequence evaluations a key element in determining the magnitude of the
consequence is: the volume of fluid released
Importance of identification of risk drivers: enable development of effective risk mitigation
strategies
Decision not to become involved in, or action to withdraw from, a risk situation. : Risk
avoidance
ISO-Risk is a straight line of : constant risk (confused of another choice separate the
unacceptable from the acceptable risk items//Revise 5.2)
Using a risk matrix or plot to: communicate the results in a common format
Quantitative: uses numerical values
Resultant risk number : is a good approximation of the actual risk
At the conclusion of the planning portion of the development of the RBI program, one of
the following should have been completed: Establish the objectives of the risk analysis
At the conclusion of the planning portion of the development of the RBI program, one of
the following should have been completed: Identify the physical boundaries
At the conclusion of the planning portion of the development of the RBI program, one of
the following should have been completed: Identify the operational boundaries (Three
different Q)
Once the RBI planning process has been completed: the data and information required for
collection should be identified.
The primary product of an RBI effort should be: an inspection plan for each equipment item
evaluated
Some risks cannot be adequately managed by inspection alone, example : Equipment
nearing end of service life
Data Quality: equal whatever the approach
Data Quality relationship with RBI: Relative accuracy of the RBI analysis
Contractors that provide risk assessment personnel for conducting RBI analysis should
have minimum of: Training and Document that their personnel are suitably qualified
Mandatory during DM : Consult corrosion specialist
primary audience: inspection and engineering
Thresholds in the risk plot and matrix : showing the area of acceptable and unacceptable
risks
RBI is a risk assessment and management tool that addresses: An area of risk management
not completely addressed in other organizational risk management efforts
Being too conservative, as overestimating consequences and/or POF values will:
unnecessarily inflate the calculated risk values.
Inspection cost effectiveness: resources being applied where they are most needed.
Continuum approach: blend quantitative and qualitative
The following are key elements exist in any RBI assessment, Except: PHA
RBI, as a risk-based approach, focuses attention specifically on: the equipment and
associated damage mechanisms
Cracking : Damage mechanism
The COF analysis shall be performed to estimate of the consequences that are likely to
occur due to: a failure mode typically resulting from an identified damage mechanism(s)
Which of the following will be is one of other mitigation methods by absorbing and/or
dilution of soluble and insoluble vapor clouds: Water Curtains
An example of mitigation of the sources of corrosion can be achieved by changing the
process toward less corrosive conditions: Addition of neutralizing or inhibitor chemicals
Why RBI a team based process: one individual does not have the background or skills to
single-handedly conduct the entire study effectively: one individual does not have the
background or skills to single-handedly conduct the entire study effectively
Environmental cost = Cost for cleanup + Fines ( )الغرامات+ other costs (! )ثمن السكوتGiven 4
features, will use two of them(Cleanup and Fines = 2795000)
The main production consequences for RBI are: financial.
Safety consequences could be expressed based on: the severity of an injury
When equipment deterioration has reached a point that the risk of failure cannot be
managed to an acceptable level the only way to mitigate the risk: replacement/repair.
When inspection cannot mitigate the risk, what to do: other mitigation action
IOW example: fluid velocity
Event-Driven Damage mechanism will be mitigated by :establishing and implementing
IOWs prgram
Reassessment when: After Implementation of Risk Mitigation Strategies
Dividing a process unit into systems, the equipment can be screened together for: Saving
Time
while there is a potential for the reduction of inspection costs through the utilization of
RBI: increased equipment integrity should remain the focus
The resources and time required to implement an RBI assessment: Degree of precision
required
Which is less likely affected by internal (invasive) inspection: thick (passivating) film
evaluation of damage mechanisms and failure modes should include: cumulative effect of
each mechanism and/or mode
Failure: loss of containment
Acceptance criteria vary according to: individual company
Reduction of some risks to a lower level may impractical due to: technology
ALARP :Define
which process typically involves reviewing some or all input variables to the risk
calculation to determine the overall influence on the resultant risk value: Sensitivity
analysis
powerful tool that is being used by many companies, governments, and regulatory
authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance: Cost-benefit analysis
Reduce uncertainty, Increase predictability by inspection will lead to: Better estimation of
POF >> reduction of calculated risk
RBI is focused on systematic determination of: Relative risk
It is essential to the quality and The effectiveness of the risk analysis Identification of: the
credible damage mechanisms and failure modes for equipment included in a risk analysis
(remaining options are: possible, All DM and FM considered - this option may cause
confusion)
For Quantitative assessment, when inaccurate or insufficient failure data exists on the
specific item of interest: this failure data should be adjusted and made specific to the
equipment being analyzed by a qualified personnel ( 9.3.2)
Quantitative: Qualified personnel
Most risk assessments regardless type or level will be typically included : expert opinion
Risk evaluation is: comparing the estimated risk against given risk criteria
Quantitative risk analysis uses what type of model to depict combinations of events that
could result in severe accidents: Logical Models
This is described as a model depicting the progression of accidents, transport of a
hazardous material to the environment: Physical Models
some jurisdictions may have some prescriptive time-based rules on inspection intervals
do not preclude the user from gaining significant benefits from the application of RBI, as
long as jurisdictional requirements are met and as long as the local regulations do not
specifically prohibit the use of RBI planning.
Inspection is considered a method of: Risk Reduction/ Risk mitigation
The spectrum of risk analysis should be considered to be a continuum with : qualitative
and quantitative approaches