School: Al Motaqadimah International School Al Ghadir Branch.
Section: Girls
Inv.2: Exp.3: Forces on system (Worksheet Answer
key)
Part A: Complete the Statements
1. A force is a push or a pull that can change an object’s motion or shape.
2. A system is defined as a group of objects that are considered together for study.
3. An external force is a force that acts on a system from outside the system.
4. An internal force is a force that acts between objects within the system.
5. Apparent weight is the support force (normal force) that opposes gravity.
Part B: True or False
1. A bicycle can be considered a system made of smaller systems. (T)
2. Internal forces can change the total motion of a system. (F)
3. External forces are applied by objects outside the system. (T)
4. A system in static equilibrium is accelerating. (F)
5. Walking is possible because of friction between your feet and the ground. (T)
Part C: Classify the Forces
1. A person pushing a shopping cart → External
2. Muscles pulling on bones in your arm → Internal
3. Wind pushing against a moving bicycle → External
4. The engine force inside a moving car → Internal
5. Gravity acting on a falling object → External
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Part D: Short Answer Questions
1. Why did the balloon move when it was released without tying it?
Because air rushed out of the balloon, creating an external force that pushed the balloon forward
(Newton’s third law).
2. Why is it harder to walk on a smooth floor than on a rough surface?
Because a smooth floor has less friction, so there is less force to push against when walking.
3. Why does the ground push backward on the foot when a person walks forward?
Due to Newton’s third law: when the foot pushes backward on the ground, the ground pushes
forward on the foot.
Part E: Systems and Motion
1. Two students pushing each other on skateboards:
• The forces between the students are internal forces.
• After pushing, both students move in opposite directions.
2. One real-life example of a system with multiple objects:
A car system consisting of the engine, wheels, body, and passengers.
Part F: Torque and Rotation
1. Define torque:
Torque is the turning effect of a force around a pivot or axis.
2. What is meant by the line of action of a force?
It is the imaginary line showing the direction in which a force acts.
3. Define the lever arm:
The lever arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the
force.
Part G: Equilibrium
1. Two conditions for static equilibrium:
a) The sum of all external forces equals zero.
b) The sum of all external torques equals zero.
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2. Why must the sum of external torques be zero in a balanced system?
Because if the torques are not balanced, the system will rotate and will not remain in equilibrium.
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