MODULE 05
ANALYSIS OF
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
ENGR. ROLANDO U. LOR, JR.
MODULE
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
TABLES FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS
STRENGTH OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
2
𝜋 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
𝐿
𝑃𝑐𝑟 is the critical buckling load or
the Euler Load or Euler Buckling
Load. It is the corresponding load
that causes the compression
member unstable and assume the
shape indicated as dash line in the
figure.
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
For convenience,
2
𝜋 𝐸𝐼 Where,
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 Critical buckling load 𝐏𝐜𝐫
𝐿 Critical buckling stress 𝐅𝐜𝐫
2 2
𝜋 𝐸𝐴𝑟 Modulus of elasticity E
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = Moment of inertia of the
𝐿2 cross-sectional area with
respect to the minor I
principal axis
2 2
𝜋 𝐸𝐴 𝜋 𝐸 Cross-sectional area of the
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = or 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = member A
2 2
𝐿ൗ 𝐿ൗ Radius of gyration r
𝑟 𝑟 Length of member between
points of support L
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐴 𝜋2𝐸
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 2
𝐿ൗ 𝐿ൗ
𝑟 𝑟
For elastic buckling only
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
For materials with stresses greater than the proportional
limit, 𝐹𝑝𝑙 , but is lesser than the yield stress, 𝐹𝑦 ,
2
𝜋 𝐸𝑡 𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
𝐿2
𝜋 2 𝐸𝑡 𝐴 𝜋 2 𝐸𝑡
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 2
𝐿ൗ 𝐿ൗ
𝑟 𝑟
Where,
𝑬𝒕 is the tangent modulus
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
The formulas presented are based on the following
assumptions:
✓ The column is perfectly straight, with no initial crookedness.
✓ The load is axial, with no eccentricity.
✓ The column/member is pinned at both ends.
Question: What if the column/member has different supports, such
as fixed or roller or free-end??
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐴 𝜋 2 𝐸𝑡 𝐴
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 or 𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
𝐿ൗ 𝐿ൗ
𝑟 𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐴 𝜋 2 𝐸𝑡 𝐴
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2 𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
𝐾𝐿ൗ 𝐾𝐿ൗ
𝑟 𝑟
Where,
Effective length factor 𝑲
Effective length 𝑲𝑳
INTRODUCTION AND COLUMN THEORY
Values for K can be
found in AISC Table
C-A-7.1
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
For LRFD:
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
𝑃𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑐 𝑃𝑛
Where,
𝑷𝒏 Sum of the factored loads
Resistance factor for compression
∅𝒄
Value is 0.9
∅𝒄 𝑷𝒏 Design compressive strength
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
For ASD:
𝑃𝑛
𝑃𝑎 ≤
Ω𝑐
Where,
𝑷𝒂 Sum of the service loads
Safety factor for compression
𝛀𝒄
Value is 1.67
𝑷𝒏
ൗ𝛀 Allowable compressive strength
𝒄
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
To present AISC expressions, the Euler load is defined as,
2
𝜋 𝐸𝐴
𝑃𝑒 = 2
𝐾𝐿ൗ
𝑟
Therefore, the Euler stress is,
𝜋2𝐸 AISC Equation E3-4
𝐹𝑒 = 2 NSCP Equation 505.3-4
𝐾𝐿ൗ
𝑟
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
For elastic columns, the Euler stress is reduced to account for
the effects of initial crookedness:
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒
For inelastic columns, the tangent modulus equation is replaced
by an exponential equation,
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
In summary,
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
≤ 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝐹𝑦 NSCP
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦
≤ 2.25 AISC
𝐹𝑒
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
inelastic
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
In summary,
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
> 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝐹𝑦 NSCP
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦
> 2.25 AISC
𝐹𝑒
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒
elastic
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
Slenderness ratio,
𝐾𝐿
≤ 200
𝑟
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM 01
A W14x74 of A992 steel has a length of 20 feet and
pinned ends. Compute:
a) Design compressive strength
b) Allowable compressive strength
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM 02
A W12 × 50 is used as a column to support an axial
compressive load of 145 kips. The length is 20 feet,
and the ends are pinned. Without regard to load or
resistance factors, investigate this member for
stability. Compute for the overall factor of safety
against buckling.
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
Classification of members subjected to axial compression:
1. Non-slender Element Section
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑟
2. Slender Element Section
𝜆 > 𝜆𝑟
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM 03
A W14x74 of A992 steel has a length of 20 feet and
pinned ends. Investigate for local stability.
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
For members with slender elements:
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
≤ 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝑄𝐹𝑦 NSCP
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝑄𝐹𝑦
≤ 2.25 AISC
𝐹𝑒
𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = Q 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦
inelastic
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
In summary,
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
> 4.71 or 𝐹𝑒 < 0.44𝐹𝑦 NSCP
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝑄𝐹𝑦
> 2.25 AISC
𝐹𝑒
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒
elastic
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
To compute values of 𝑄, 𝑄𝑠 and 𝑄𝑎 , refer to:
NSCP
AISC
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM 04
Determine the axial compressive strength of an
HSS8x4x1/8 with an effective length of 15ft with
respect to each principal axis. Use 𝐹𝑦 = 46 𝑘𝑠𝑖.
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM 05
A W21x101 is used as a compression member with
one end fixed and the other end free. The length is
10ft. What is the nominal compressive strength if 𝐹𝑦 =
50 𝑘𝑠𝑖?
AISC REQUIREMENTS AND LOCAL STABILITY