Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
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Lab Section
1. Why is the electrical length of the so-called half-wave dipole actually taken to be slightly
less than 0.5 𝜆 at the design frequency?
The electrical length of a half-wave dipole is taken to be slightly less than 0.5 λ to
compensate for end effects and velocity factor, ensuring resonance at the design
frequency.
2. For each 2D radiation plot that you produced in EZNEC, you can copy the figure under
Edit→ Copy Plot and Data.
a. Elevation pattern of half-wavelength dipole.
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
i. 3D pattern of half-wave dipole
b. Elevation pattern of two stacked-element array
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
c. Azimuth pattern of cardioid array
3. Compare the elevation pattern of the half-wave dipole to the approximate theoretical
pattern for the element given by 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (𝜃).
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
The elevation pattern of a half-wave dipole antenna is characterized by a main lobe with a
relatively broad radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, while the theoretical pattern
given by sin^3(θ) has a narrower main lobe with more pronounced sidelobes, resulting in
a more directional radiation pattern in the vertical plane.
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
4. Compare the elevation pattern of the two-stacked-element array obtained using EZNEC
to the theoretical result obtained using pattern multiplication of the element factor with
the array factor.
The elevation pattern of a two-stacked-element array obtained using EZNEC typically shows
a narrower main lobe and reduced sidelobes compared to the theoretical result
obtained using pattern multiplication, where the array factor is combined with the
element factor. This suggests that EZNEC provides a more realistic representation of the
actual radiation pattern, accounting for mutual coupling and other practical factors that
may affect the array's performance.
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
5. Compare the azimuth pattern of the cardioid array obtained using EZNEC to the
theoretical result for its array factor.
The azimuth pattern of a cardioid array obtained using EZNEC typically shows a cardioid-
shaped radiation pattern with nulls in the rearward direction, while the theoretical result for
its array factor predicts a similar cardioid pattern but with ideal nulls in the rearward direction
and a more precisely defined shape.
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Arizona State University Lab5 Report iCourse EEE341
6. Compare the ratio of received power to transmitted power for the communication link
obtained using EZNEC to the theoretical result using the Friis equation.
With a distance of 20 meters, we can proceed with the calculation using the Friis equation. However, since the
antenna gains are still not provided, we'll assume isotropic antennas for the purpose of comparison.
Using the Friis equation, the power ratio (received power to transmitted power) can be calculated as follows:
Friis Equation:
Pr/Pt = (λ/4πd)^2
where:
Pr = Received power
Pt = Transmitted power
λ = Wavelength
d = Distance between the antennas
Given:
Frequency = 299.793 MHz (corresponding to a wavelength of approximately 1 meter)
Distance (d) = 20 meters
Transmitted power (Pt) = 74.14 watts (from EZNEC)
Calculating the power ratio:
λ = Speed of light / Frequency
= 3 × 10^8 m/s / (299.793 × 10^6 Hz)
= 1 meter
Pr/Pt = (1/4π(20))^2
= (1/4π(20))^2
≈ 0.003983
Therefore, the ratio of received power to transmitted power, based on the assumed values and using the Friis
equation, is approximately 0.003983.
--------------- EZNEC SOURCE DATA ---------------
Frequency = 299.793 MHz
Source 1 Voltage = 75 V at 8.71 deg.
Current = 1 A at 0.0 deg.
Impedance = 74.14 + J 11.35 ohms
Power = 74.14 watts
SWR (50 ohm system) = 1.544 (75 ohm system) = 1.16
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