PPS BTL 01

Report Dec 14, 2025 1:59:16

date AM

1
Contents
1. Global Definitions.......................................................................................
2. Component 1.............................................................................................
2.1. Definitions...............................................................................................................
2.2. Geometry 1.............................................................................................................
2.3. Materials.................................................................................................................
2.4. Beam......................................................................................................................
2.5. Mesh 1....................................................................................................................
3. Study 1......................................................................................................
3.1. Stationary...............................................................................................................
3.2. Solver Configurations..............................................................................................
4. Results......................................................................................................
4.1. Datasets.................................................................................................................
4.2. Plot Groups.............................................................................................................
4.3. Section Forces (beam)............................................................................................
4.4. Applied Loads (beam).............................................................................................
4.5. Plot Groups.............................................................................................................

2
1 Global Definitions
Nov 25, 2025 4:33:45
Date
PM

GLOBAL SETTINGS
Name PPS BTL [Link]
C:\Users\ACER\OneDrive\Máy tính\PPS\PPS_BTL\
Path
PPS_BTL_01.mph
Version COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 (Build: 341)
Unit
SI
system

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics
CAD Import Module
Structural Mechanics
Module

COMPUTER INFORMATION
CPU Intel64 Family 6 Model 154 Stepping 3, 16 cores
Operating
Windows 10
system

3
2 Component 1
Nov 25, 2025 3:59:44
Date
PM

SETTINGS
Description Value
Same as global system
Unit system
(SI)
Geometry shape
Automatic
function

SPATIAL FRAME COORDINATES

Seco
First Third
nd
x y z

MATERIAL FRAME COORDINATES

Seco
First Third
nd
X Y Z

GEOMETRY FRAME COORDINATES

Seco
First Third
nd
Xg Yg Zg

MESH FRAME COORDINATES

Seco
First Third
nd
Xm Ym Zm

2.1 DEFINITIONS

2.1.1 Coordinate Systems

Boundary System 1
Coordinate system Boundary
type system
Tag sys1

COORDINATE NAMES

4
 Seco
First Third
nd
t1 t2 n

2.2 GEOMETRY 1

Geometry 1

UNITS
Length unit m
Angular
deg
unit

GEOMETRY STATISTICS
Valu
Description
e
Space dimension 3
Number of
0
domains
Number of
0
boundaries
Number of edges 26
Number of
18
vertices

2.2.1 Line Segment AG (ls1)

SETTINGS

5
 Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 0, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, 0}
es

2.2.2 Line Segment BK (ls2)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 0, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, 0}
es

2.2.3 Line Segment CI (ls3)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 0, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 6, 0}
es

2.2.4 Line Segment DF (ls4)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
6
 Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
{0, 3, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 3, 0}
es

2.2.5 Line Segment GK (ls5)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, 0}
es

2.2.6 Line Segment IK (ls6)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 6, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, 0}
es

2.2.7 Line Segment A'G' (ls7)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 0, -6}
es
7
 Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, -6}
es

2.2.8 Line Segment B'K' (ls8)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 0, -6}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, -6}
es

2.2.9 Line Segment C'I' (ls9)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat {12, 0, -
es 6}
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat {12, 6, -
es 6}

2.2.10 Line Segment D'F' (ls10)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 3, -6}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
8
 Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat {12, 3, -
es 6}

2.2.11 Line Segment G'K' (ls11)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, -6}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, -6}
es

2.2.12 Line Segment I'K' (ls12)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat {12, 6, -
es 6}
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, -6}
es

2.2.13 Line Segment DD' (ls13)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 3, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 3, -6}
es
9
2.2.14 Line Segment EE' (ls14)
SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 3, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 3, -6}
es

2.2.15 Line Segment FF' (ls15)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 3, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat {12, 3, -
es 6}

2.2.16 Line Segment GG' (ls16)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{0, 6, -6}
es

2.2.17 Line Segment KK' (ls17)

SETTINGS

10
 Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{6, 7, -6}
es

2.2.18 Line Segment II' (ls18)

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat
{12, 6, 0}
es
Coordinat
Specify
es
Coordinat {12, 6, -
es 6}

2.3 MATERIALS

2.3.1 Structural steel

Structural steel
11
SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

MATERIAL PARAMETERS
Name Value Unit
7850[kg/
Density kg/m³
m^3]
Young's
200e9[Pa] Pa
modulus
Poisson's ratio 0.30 1

BASIC
Description Value
Relative permeability {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}}
relpermeability_symmetry 3
Heat capacity at constant pressure 475[J/(kg*K)]
heatcapacity_symmetry 0
{{44.5[W/(m*K)], 0, 0}, {0, 44.5[W/(m*K)], 0},
Thermal conductivity
{0, 0, 44.5[W/(m*K)]}}
thermalconductivity_symmetry 3
{{4.032e6[S/m], 0, 0}, {0, 4.032e6[S/m], 0},
Electrical conductivity
{0, 0, 4.032e6[S/m]}}
electricconductivity_symmetry 3
Relative permittivity {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}}
relpermittivity_symmetry 3
{{12.3e-6[1/K], 0, 0}, {0, 12.3e-6[1/K], 0}, {0,
Coefficient of thermal expansion
0, 12.3e-6[1/K]}}
thermalexpansioncoefficient_symmetry 3
Density 7850[kg/m^3]
density_symmetry 0

YOUNG'S MODULUS AND POISSON'S RATIO

Description Value
200e9[P
Young's modulus
a]
youngsmodulus_sy
0
mmetry
Poisson's ratio 0.30
poissonsratio_sym
0
metry

12
 MURNAGHAN
Description Value
-
Murnaghan third-order elastic
3.0e11[Pa
moduli
]
-
Murnaghan third-order elastic
6.2e11[Pa
moduli
]
-
Murnaghan third-order elastic
7.2e11[Pa
moduli
]
l_symmetry 0
m_symmetry 0
n_symmetry 0

LAMÉ PARAMETERS
Description Value
Lamé 1.15e11[
parameter λ Pa]
Lamé 7.69e10[
parameter μ Pa]
lambLame_sy
0
mmetry
muLame_sym
0
metry

2.4 BEAM

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics
Structural Mechanics
Module

13
 Beam

SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

EQUATIONS

2.4.1 Interface Settings

Physics Symbols

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Enable physics
Off
symbols

14
Discretization

SETTINGS
Description Value
Displacement
Cubic
field
Quadrat
Rotation field
ic

Reference Point for Moment Computation

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Reference point for moment computation, x component 0
Reference point for moment computation, y component 0
Reference point for moment computation, z component 0

Beam Formulation

SETTINGS
Description Value
Beam Euler -
formulation Bernoulli

2.4.2 Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Reference
point for
[Link] 0 m moment Global
computation, x
component
Reference
point for
[Link] 0 m moment Global
computation, y
component
Reference
point for
[Link] 0 m moment Global
computation, z
component
Geometric
[Link]
0 1 nonlinearity Global
on
variable
beam.BEAM_SY Xxi1/ 1 Beam system Edges 1–26
STEMXX sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi (reference), XX
15
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
1^2+Zxi1^2+ep
component
s)
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY
[Link] 1 (reference), YX Edges 1–26
STEMYX
component
([Link]*Yxi1-
[Link]*Zxi1)/ Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY
sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi 1 (reference), ZX Edges 1–26
STEMZX
1^2+Zxi1^2+ep component
s)
Yxi1/
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi
1 (reference), XY Edges 1–26
STEMXY 1^2+Zxi1^2+ep
component
s)
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY
[Link] 1 (reference), YY Edges 1–26
STEMYY
component
(-
[Link]*Xxi1+
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY [Link]*Zxi1)/
1 (reference), ZY Edges 1–26
STEMZY sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi
component
1^2+Zxi1^2+ep
s)
Zxi1/
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi
1 (reference), XZ Edges 1–26
STEMXZ 1^2+Zxi1^2+ep
component
s)
Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY
[Link] 1 (reference), YZ Edges 1–26
STEMYZ
component
([Link]*Xxi1-
[Link]*Yxi1)/ Beam system
beam.BEAM_SY
sqrt(Xxi1^2+Yxi 1 (reference), ZZ Edges 1–26
STEMZZ
1^2+Zxi1^2+ep component
s)
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle11 1 system, 11 Edges 1–26
TEMXX
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle21 1 system, 21 Edges 1–26
TEMYX
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle31 1 system, 31 Edges 1–26
TEMZX
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle12 1 system, 12 Edges 1–26
TEMXY
component
beam.Tle22 beam.BEAM_SYS 1 Local beam Edges 1–26
TEMYY system, 22

16
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle32 1 system, 32 Edges 1–26
TEMZY
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle13 1 system, 13 Edges 1–26
TEMXZ
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle23 1 system, 23 Edges 1–26
TEMYZ
component
Local beam
beam.BEAM_SYS
beam.Tle33 1 system, 33 Edges 1–26
TEMZZ
component
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N force, x Global
+[Link]+be n
component
[Link]
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N force, y Global
+[Link]+be n
component
[Link]
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N force, z Global
+[Link]+be n
component
[Link]
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, x Global
+[Link]+ n
component
[Link]
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, y Global
+[Link]+ n
component
[Link]
[Link]
Total reaction
n([Link]) + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, z Global
+[Link]+ n
component
[Link]
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), xx Edges 1–26
stemxx
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), yx Edges 1–26
stemyx
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), zx Edges 1–26
stemzx
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), xy Edges 1–26
stemxy
component

17
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), yy Edges 1–26
stemyy
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), zy Edges 1–26
stemzy
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), xz Edges 1–26
stemxz
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), yz Edges 1–26
stemyz
component
Beam system
beam.beam_sy
[Link] 1 (deformed), zz Edges 1–26
stemzz
component

2.4.3 Linear Elastic Material 1

Linear Elastic Material 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

EQUATIONS

18
Linear Elastic Material

SETTINGS
Description Value
Young's modulus and Poisson's
Specify
ratio
Young's
From material
modulus
Poisson's
From material
ratio
Density From material

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Young's Structural
Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio
modulus steel
Poisson's Structural
Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio
ratio steel
Structural
Density Basic
steel

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
[Link]/
Initial local x
sqrt([Link]^2+ Edges 1–
[Link] 1 direction, X
[Link]^2+bea 26
component
[Link]^2)
[Link]/
Initial local x
sqrt([Link]^2+ Edges 1–
[Link] 1 direction, Y
[Link]^2+bea 26
component
[Link]^2)
[Link]/
Initial local x
sqrt([Link]^2+ Edges 1–
[Link] 1 direction, Z
[Link]^2+bea 26
component
[Link]^2)
Edges 1– Meta,
[Link] [Link] kg/m³ Density
26 * operation
[Link] [Link]*beam.a kg/m Mass per unit Edges 1–

19
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
rea length 26
beam.E*(1-
Elasticity
[Link])/ Edges 1–
beam.D11 Pa matrix, 11 * operation
((1+[Link])*(1- 26
component
2*[Link]))
beam.E*[Link]/ Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D12 ((1+[Link])*(1- Pa matrix, 12 * operation
26
2*[Link])) component
beam.E*[Link]/ Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D13 ((1+[Link])*(1- Pa matrix, 13 * operation
26
2*[Link])) component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D14 0 Pa matrix, 14 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D15 0 Pa matrix, 15 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D16 0 Pa matrix, 16 * operation
26
component
beam.E*(1-
Elasticity
[Link])/ Edges 1–
beam.D22 Pa matrix, 22 * operation
((1+[Link])*(1- 26
component
2*[Link]))
beam.E*[Link]/ Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D23 ((1+[Link])*(1- Pa matrix, 23 * operation
26
2*[Link])) component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D24 0 Pa matrix, 24 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D25 0 Pa matrix, 25 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D26 0 Pa matrix, 26 * operation
26
component
beam.E*(1-
Elasticity
[Link])/ Edges 1–
beam.D33 Pa matrix, 33 * operation
((1+[Link])*(1- 26
component
2*[Link]))
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D34 0 Pa matrix, 34 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D35 0 Pa matrix, 35 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D36 0 Pa matrix, 36 * operation
26
component
20
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Elasticity
0.5*beam.E/ Edges 1–
beam.D44 Pa matrix, 44 * operation
(1+[Link]) 26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D45 0 Pa matrix, 45 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D46 0 Pa matrix, 46 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
0.5*beam.E/ Edges 1–
beam.D55 Pa matrix, 55 * operation
(1+[Link]) 26
component
Elasticity
Edges 1–
beam.D56 0 Pa matrix, 56 * operation
26
component
Elasticity
0.5*beam.E/ Edges 1–
beam.D66 Pa matrix, 66 * operation
(1+[Link]) 26
component
beam.E/(3*(1- Edges 1–
beam.K N/m² Bulk modulus * operation
2*[Link])) 26
Equivalent
Edges 1–
[Link] beam.E Pa Young's
26
modulus
Equivalent Edges 1–
[Link] [Link] 1
Poisson's ratio 26
Equivalent Edges 1–
[Link] beam.G N/m²
shear modulus 26
sqrt((beam.K+4*b Equivalent
Edges 1–
[Link] eam.G/3)/ m/s speed of
26
[Link]) pressure wave
Equivalent
sqrt(beam.G/ Edges 1–
[Link] m/s speed of
[Link]) 26
shear wave
Young's Edges 1– Meta,
beam.E material.E Pa
modulus 26 * operation
Edges 1–
[Link] [Link] 1 Poisson's ratio Meta
26
0.5*beam.E/ Shear Edges 1–
beam.G N/m² * operation
(1+[Link]) modulus 26
beam.E*[Link]/
[Link] Lamé Edges 1–
((1+[Link])*(1- N/m² * operation
me parameter λ 26
2*[Link]))
0.5*beam.E/ Lamé Edges 1–
[Link] N/m² * operation
(1+[Link]) parameter μ 26
beam.Cgl11 beam.D11+beam. Pa C:g tensor, Edges 1–
D12+beam.D13 local 26
coordinate
system, 11
21
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
component
C:g tensor,
local
beam.D14+beam. Edges 1–
beam.Cgl12 Pa coordinate
D24+beam.D34 26
system, 12
component
C:g tensor,
local
beam.D16+beam. Edges 1–
beam.Cgl13 Pa coordinate
D26+beam.D36 26
system, 13
component
C:g tensor,
local
beam.D12+beam. Edges 1–
beam.Cgl22 Pa coordinate
D22+beam.D23 26
system, 22
component
C:g tensor,
local
beam.D15+beam. Edges 1–
beam.Cgl23 Pa coordinate
D25+beam.D35 26
system, 23
component
C:g tensor,
local
beam.D13+beam. Edges 1–
beam.Cgl33 Pa coordinate
D23+beam.D33 26
system, 33
component
Elastic axial Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1
strain 26 n
Elastic
curvature Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1/m
around local z 26 n
axis
Elastic
curvature Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1/m
around local y 26 n
axis
Elastic axial Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1/m
twist 26 n
Elastic shear
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1 strain along
26 n
local y-axis
Elastic shear
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] [Link] 1 strain along
26 n
local z-axis
beam.E*[Link] Local axial Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N
a*[Link] force 26 n
Bending
beam.E*[Link] Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, local
*[Link] 26 n
z direction

22
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Shear force,
beam.G*[Link] Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N local y
a*[Link] 26 n
direction
Bending
beam.E*[Link] Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, local
*[Link] 26 n
y direction
Torsional
beam.G*beam.J_b Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N·m moment, local
eam*[Link] 26 n
x direction
Shear force,
beam.G*[Link] Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] N local z
a*[Link] 26 n
direction
Initial twisting Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N·m
moment 26 n
Initial bending Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N·m
moment 26 n
Initial shear Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N
force 26 n
Initial axial Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N
force 26 n
Initial bending Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N·m
moment 26 n
Initial shear Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 N
force 26 n
0.5*([Link]+b
Torsional Edges 1–
[Link] [Link])*beam.e J/m
strain energy 26
ebxl
0.5*([Link]+b
Membrane Edges 1–
[Link] [Link])*beam.e J/m
strain energy 26
en
0.5*(([Link]+b
[Link])*beam.e
Bending strain Edges 1–
[Link] ebzl+ J/m
energy 26
([Link]+beam
.Myi)*[Link])
Strain energy
[Link]+beam Edges 1–
[Link] J/m per unit
.WsB+[Link] 26
length
[Link]/ Strain energy Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] J/m³
[Link] density 26 n
[Link]
Total strain + operatio
beam.Ws_tot eamAxis(beam.W J Global
energy n
sL)
Radius of
sqrt([Link]/ gyration in Edges 1–
[Link] m
[Link]) local y 26
direction
[Link] sqrt([Link]/ m Radius of Edges 1–
23
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
gyration in
[Link]) local z 26
direction
Velocity, X Edges 1–
beam.u_t 0 m/s
component 26
Velocity, Y Edges 1–
beam.v_t 0 m/s
component 26
Velocity, Z Edges 1–
beam.w_t 0 m/s
component 26
sqrt(real(beam.u_
t)^2+real(beam.v Velocity Edges 1–
[Link] m/s
_t)^2+real(beam. magnitude 26
w_t)^2)
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thx_t 0 rad/s
velocity X 26
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thy_t 0 rad/s
velocity Y 26
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thz_t 0 rad/s
velocity Z 26
Acceleration, Edges 1–
beam.u_tt 0 m/s²
X component 26
Acceleration, Edges 1–
beam.v_tt 0 m/s²
Y component 26
Acceleration, Edges 1–
beam.w_tt 0 m/s²
Z component 26
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thx_tt 0 rad/s²
acceleration X 26
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thy_tt 0 rad/s²
acceleration Y 26
Angular Edges 1–
beam.thz_tt 0 rad/s²
acceleration Z 26
Effective
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 m/s² acceleration,
26 n
X component
Effective
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 m/s² acceleration, Y
26 n
component
Effective
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 m/s² acceleration,
26 n
Z component
Frame
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 m/s² acceleration,
26 n
X component
Frame
Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 m/s² acceleration, Y
26 n
component
[Link] 0 m/s² Frame Edges 1– + operatio

24
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
acceleration,
26 n
Z component
sqrt(real([Link]
cX)^2+real(beam Acceleration Edges 1–
[Link] m/s²
.accY)^2+real(be magnitude 26
[Link])^2)
Total angular
beam.thtt_tot Edges 1– + operatio
0 rad/s² acceleration,
X 26 n
X component
Total angular
Edges 1– + operatio
beam.thtt_totY 0 rad/s² acceleration, Y
26 n
component
Total angular
beam.thtt_tot Edges 1– + operatio
0 rad/s² acceleration,
Z 26 n
Z component
Total angular
Edges 1– + operatio
beam.tht_totX beam.thx_t rad/s velocity, X
26 n
component
Total angular
Edges 1– + operatio
beam.tht_totY beam.thy_t rad/s velocity, Y
26 n
component
Total angular
Edges 1– + operatio
beam.tht_totZ beam.thz_t rad/s velocity, Z
26 n
component
sqrt(real(u)^2+re
Displacement Edges 1–
[Link] al(v)^2+real(w)^ m
magnitude 26
2)
sqrt(real(thx)^2+
Edges 1–
[Link] real(thy)^2+real( rad Total rotation
26
thz)^2)
Angular
velocity Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 rad/s
vector, X 26 n
component
Angular
velocity Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 rad/s
vector, Y 26 n
component
Angular
velocity Edges 1– + operatio
[Link] 0 rad/s
vector, Z 26 n
component
Structural
Edges 1–
ut beam.u_t m/s velocity field,
26
x component
Structural
Edges 1–
vt beam.v_t m/s velocity field,
26
y component
wt beam.w_t m/s Structural Edges 1–
25
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
velocity field,
26
z component
Acceleration
Edges 1–
utt beam.u_tt m/s² field, x
26
component
Acceleration
Edges 1–
vtt beam.v_tt m/s² field, y
26
component
Acceleration
Edges 1–
wtt beam.w_tt m/s² field, z
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thxt beam.thx_t rad/s velocity, x
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thyt beam.thy_t rad/s velocity, y
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thzt beam.thz_t rad/s velocity, z
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thxtt beam.thx_tt rad/s² acceleration, x
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thytt beam.thy_tt rad/s² acceleration, y
26
component
Angular
Edges 1–
thztt beam.thz_tt rad/s² acceleration, z
26
component
abs(real([Link] Max torsional Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
l))/[Link] shear stress 26
Average shear
[Link]/ stress from Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
[Link] shear force, y 26
direction
Max shear
[Link]*beam. stress from Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
muy shear force, y 26
direction
abs(real([Link] Max shear
Edges 1–
[Link] max)) N/m² stress, y
26
+[Link] direction
Average shear
[Link]/ stress from Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
[Link] shear force, z 26
direction
[Link] [Link]*beam.m N/m² Max shear Edges 1–
uz stress from 26
shear force, z
26
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
direction
abs(real([Link] Max shear
Edges 1–
[Link] max)) N/m² stress, z
26
+[Link] direction
[Link]/ Axial stress at Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
[Link] center line 26
-
[Link]*beam.y Bending
Beam1/ stress at first Edges 1–
beam.sb1 N/m²
[Link]+beam. evaluation 26
Myl*[Link] point
1/[Link]
-
Bending
[Link]*beam.y
stress at
Beam2/ Edges 1–
beam.sb2 N/m² second
[Link]+beam. 26
evaluation
Myl*[Link]
point
2/[Link]
-
[Link]*beam.y Bending
Beam3/ stress at third Edges 1–
beam.sb3 N/m²
[Link]+beam. evaluation 26
Myl*[Link] point
3/[Link]
-
Bending
[Link]*beam.y
stress at
Beam4/ Edges 1–
beam.sb4 N/m² fourth
[Link]+beam. 26
evaluation
Myl*[Link]
point
4/[Link]
Normal stress
beam.sb1+beam. at first Edges 1–
beam.s1 N/m²
sn evaluation 26
point
Normal stress
beam.sb2+beam. at second Edges 1–
beam.s2 N/m²
sn evaluation 26
point
Normal stress
beam.sb3+beam. at third Edges 1–
beam.s3 N/m²
sn evaluation 26
point
Normal stress
beam.sb4+beam. at fourth Edges 1–
beam.s4 N/m²
sn evaluation 26
point
beam.smax_sp max(max(max(ab N/m² Max normal Edges 1–
s(real(beam.s1)),a stress in 26
bs(real(beam.s2)) stress
),abs(real(beam.s evaluation

27
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
3))),abs(real(bea
points
m.s4)))
if([Link],0.5
*[Link]*sqrt(be
[Link]^2+beam.
Max normal Edges 1–
[Link] Mzl^2)/ N/m²
stress 26
[Link]+abs(rea
l([Link])),beam.
smax_sp)
von Mises
sqrt(beam.smax_s
stress, from
beam.mises_s p^2+3*[Link] Edges 1–
N/m² stress
p max^2+3*beam.t 26
evaluation
xzmax^2)
points
sqrt([Link]^
2+3*[Link] von Mises Edges 1–
[Link] N/m²
x^2+3*[Link] stress 26
max^2)
0.5*(beam.s1+sqr
t(beam.s1^2+4*(
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s1_1 [Link]^2+ N/m²
variable 26
[Link]^2))
)
0.5*(beam.s1-
sqrt(beam.s1^2+
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s2_1 4*([Link] N/m²
variable 26
^2+[Link]
^2)))
First principal
max(max(beam.s
stress at first Edges 1–
beam.sp1_1 1_1,beam.s2_1),0 N/m²
evaluation 26
)
point
Second
beam.s1_1+beam
principal
.s2_1- Edges 1–
beam.sp2_1 N/m² stress at first
beam.sp1_1- 26
evaluation
beam.sp3_1
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.s1 stress at first Edges 1–
beam.sp3_1 N/m²
_1,beam.s2_1),0) evaluation 26
point
0.5*(beam.s2+sqr
t(beam.s2^2+4*(
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s1_2 [Link]^2+ N/m²
variable 26
[Link]^2))
)
0.5*(beam.s2-
sqrt(beam.s2^2+
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s2_2 4*([Link] N/m²
variable 26
^2+[Link]
^2)))
28
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
First principal
max(max(beam.s stress at
Edges 1–
beam.sp1_2 1_2,beam.s2_2),0 N/m² second
26
) evaluation
point
Second
beam.s1_2+beam principal
.s2_2- stress at Edges 1–
beam.sp2_2 N/m²
beam.sp1_2- second 26
beam.sp3_2 evaluation
point
Third principal
stress at
min(min(beam.s1 Edges 1–
beam.sp3_2 N/m² second
_2,beam.s2_2),0) 26
evaluation
point
0.5*(beam.s3+sqr
t(beam.s3^2+4*(
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s1_3 [Link]^2+ N/m²
variable 26
[Link]^2))
)
0.5*(beam.s3-
sqrt(beam.s3^2+
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s2_3 4*([Link] N/m²
variable 26
^2+[Link]
^2)))
First principal
max(max(beam.s
stress at third Edges 1–
beam.sp1_3 1_3,beam.s2_3),0 N/m²
evaluation 26
)
point
Second
beam.s1_3+beam
principal
.s2_3- Edges 1–
beam.sp2_3 N/m² stress at third
beam.sp1_3- 26
evaluation
beam.sp3_3
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.s1 stress at third Edges 1–
beam.sp3_3 N/m²
_3,beam.s2_3),0) evaluation 26
point
0.5*(beam.s4+sqr
t(beam.s4^2+4*(
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s1_4 [Link]^2+ N/m²
variable 26
[Link]^2))
)
0.5*(beam.s4-
sqrt(beam.s4^2+
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.s2_4 4*([Link] N/m²
variable 26
^2+[Link]
^2)))
beam.sp1_4 max(max(beam.s N/m² First principal Edges 1–
1_4,beam.s2_4),0 stress at 26
29
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
fourth
) evaluation
point
Second
beam.s1_4+beam principal
.s2_4- stress at Edges 1–
beam.sp2_4 N/m²
beam.sp1_4- fourth 26
beam.sp3_4 evaluation
point
Third principal
stress at
min(min(beam.s1 Edges 1–
beam.sp3_4 N/m² fourth
_4,beam.s2_4),0) 26
evaluation
point
max(max(max(be
am.sp1_1-
beam.sp3_1,beam
.sp1_2-
Edges 1–
[Link] beam.sp3_2),bea N/m² Tresca stress
26
m.sp1_3-
beam.sp3_3),bea
m.sp1_4-
beam.sp3_4)
[Link]/ Max torsional Edges 1–
[Link] 1
beam.G shear strain 26
Max shear
[Link]*beam. strain from Edges 1–
[Link] 1
muy shear force, y 26
direction
abs(real([Link] Max shear
Edges 1–
[Link] ymax)) 1 strain, y
26
+[Link] direction
Max shear
[Link]*beam. strain from Edges 1–
[Link] 1
muz shear force, z 26
direction
abs(real([Link] Max shear
Edges 1–
[Link] zmax)) 1 strain, z
26
+[Link] direction
- Bending strain
[Link]*beam. at first Edges 1–
beam.eb1 1
yBeam1+beam.e evaluation 26
byl*beam.zBeam1 point
Normal strain
beam.eb1+beam. at first Edges 1–
beam.e_1 1
en evaluation 26
point
beam.eb2 - 1 Bending strain Edges 1–
[Link]*beam. at second 26
yBeam2+beam.e evaluation

30
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
byl*beam.zBeam2 point
Normal strain
beam.eb2+beam. at second Edges 1–
beam.e_2 1
en evaluation 26
point
- Bending strain
[Link]*beam. at third Edges 1–
beam.eb3 1
yBeam3+beam.e evaluation 26
byl*beam.zBeam3 point
Normal strain
beam.eb3+beam. at third Edges 1–
beam.e_3 1
en evaluation 26
point
- Bending strain
[Link]*beam. at fourth Edges 1–
beam.eb4 1
yBeam4+beam.e evaluation 26
byl*beam.zBeam4 point
Normal strain
beam.eb4+beam. at fourth Edges 1–
beam.e_4 1
en evaluation 26
point
max(max(max(ab
s(real(beam.e_1)), Max normal
beam.emax_s abs(real(beam.e_ strain in Edges 1–
1
p 2))),abs(real(bea evaluation 26
m.e_3))),abs(real( points
beam.e_4)))
if([Link],0.5
*[Link]*sqrt(be
[Link]^2+beam Max normal Edges 1–
[Link] 1
.ebzl^2)+abs(real strain 26
([Link])),beam.
emax_sp)
-
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e1_1 [Link]*beam.e_ 1
variable 26
1
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_1+sqrt(((1+bea
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e2_1 [Link])*beam.e_1) 1
variable 26
^2+4*([Link]
max^2+[Link]
zmax^2)))
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_1-
sqrt(((1+[Link] Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e3_1 1
)*beam.e_1)^2+4 variable 26
*([Link]^
2+[Link]
^2)))
31
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
First principal
max(max(beam.e
strain at first Edges 1–
beam.ep1_1 1_1,beam.e2_1),b 1
evaluation 26
eam.e3_1)
point
Second
beam.e1_1+beam
principal
.e2_1+beam.e3_1 Edges 1–
beam.ep2_1 1 strain at first
-beam.ep1_1- 26
evaluation
beam.ep3_1
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.e1
strain at first Edges 1–
beam.ep3_1 _1,beam.e2_1),be 1
evaluation 26
am.e3_1)
point
-
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e1_2 [Link]*beam.e_ 1
variable 26
2
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_2+sqrt(((1+bea
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e2_2 [Link])*beam.e_2) 1
variable 26
^2+4*([Link]
max^2+[Link]
zmax^2)))
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_2-
sqrt(((1+[Link] Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e3_2 1
)*beam.e_2)^2+4 variable 26
*([Link]^
2+[Link]
^2)))
First principal
max(max(beam.e strain at
Edges 1–
beam.ep1_2 1_2,beam.e2_2),b 1 second
26
eam.e3_2) evaluation
point
Second
beam.e1_2+beam principal
.e2_2+beam.e3_2 strain at Edges 1–
beam.ep2_2 1
-beam.ep1_2- second 26
beam.ep3_2 evaluation
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.e1 strain at
Edges 1–
beam.ep3_2 _2,beam.e2_2),be 1 second
26
am.e3_2) evaluation
point
-
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e1_3 [Link]*beam.e_ 1
variable 26
3
beam.e2_3 0.5*((1- 1 Intermediate Edges 1–
32
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
[Link])*beam.e
_3+sqrt(((1+bea
[Link])*beam.e_3)
variable 26
^2+4*([Link]
max^2+[Link]
zmax^2)))
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_3-
sqrt(((1+[Link] Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e3_3 1
)*beam.e_3)^2+4 variable 26
*([Link]^
2+[Link]
^2)))
First principal
max(max(beam.e
strain at third Edges 1–
beam.ep1_3 1_3,beam.e2_3),b 1
evaluation 26
eam.e3_3)
point
Second
beam.e1_3+beam
principal
.e2_3+beam.e3_3 Edges 1–
beam.ep2_3 1 strain at third
-beam.ep1_3- 26
evaluation
beam.ep3_3
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.e1
strain at third Edges 1–
beam.ep3_3 _3,beam.e2_3),be 1
evaluation 26
am.e3_3)
point
-
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e1_4 [Link]*beam.e_ 1
variable 26
4
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_4+sqrt(((1+bea
Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e2_4 [Link])*beam.e_4) 1
variable 26
^2+4*([Link]
max^2+[Link]
zmax^2)))
0.5*((1-
[Link])*beam.e
_4-
sqrt(((1+[Link] Intermediate Edges 1–
beam.e3_4 1
)*beam.e_4)^2+4 variable 26
*([Link]^
2+[Link]
^2)))
First principal
max(max(beam.e strain at
Edges 1–
beam.ep1_4 1_4,beam.e2_4),b 1 fourth
26
eam.e3_4) evaluation
point
beam.ep2_4 beam.e1_4+beam 1 Second Edges 1–
33
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
principal
.e2_4+beam.e3_4 strain at
-beam.ep1_4- fourth 26
beam.ep3_4 evaluation
point
Third principal
min(min(beam.e1 strain at
Edges 1–
beam.ep3_4 _4,beam.e2_4),be 1 fourth
26
am.e3_4) evaluation
point
Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] reacf(u) N force, x
26
component
Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] reacf(v) N force, y
26
component
Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] reacf(w) N force, z
26
component
reacf(thx)
+[Link]*(y- Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] [Link])- N·m moment, x
26
[Link]*(z- component
[Link])
reacf(thy)-
[Link]*(x- Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] [Link]) N·m moment, y
26
+[Link]*(z- component
[Link])
reacf(thz)
+[Link]*(x- Reaction
Edges 1–
[Link] [Link])- N·m moment, z
26
[Link]*(y- component
[Link])
Reaction
Points 1–
[Link] reacf(thx) N·m moment, x
18
component
Reaction
Points 1–
[Link] reacf(thy) N·m moment, y
18
component
Reaction
Points 1–
[Link] reacf(thz) N·m moment, z
18
component
[Link]*beam Torsional Edges 1–
[Link] N·m²
.J_beam stiffness 26
Bending to
Edges 1–
[Link] 0 1 shear stiffness
26
ratio
[Link] 0 1 Bending to Edges 1–
shear stiffness
34
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
ratio 26
Displacement
Edges 1–
[Link] u m field, x
26
component
Displacement
Edges 1–
[Link] v m field, y
26
component
Displacement
Edges 1–
[Link] w m field, z
26
component
Rotation field, Edges 1–
[Link] thx rad
x component 26
Rotation field, Edges 1–
[Link] thy rad
y component 26
Rotation field, Edges 1–
[Link] thz rad
z component 26
[Link]*(uTangT
X*[Link]+vTan
gTX*[Link]+wT
angTX*[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTX+[Link]
*uThickTX)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiy*vThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P Tangential
hiy*wThickTX)*be gradient of Edges 1–
[Link] 1
[Link])/ displacement, 26
(1+[Link]) XX component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTX+[Link]
*uThickTX)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiz*vThickTX)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P
hiz*wThickTX)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link] [Link]*(uTangT 1 Tangential Edges 1–
X*[Link]+vTan gradient of 26
gTX*[Link]+wT displacement,
angTX*[Link]) YX component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTX+[Link]
*uThickTX)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiy*vThickTX)*be
35
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P
hiy*wThickTX)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
+[Link]*((uTh
inTX+[Link]*
uThickTX)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiz*vThickTX)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P
hiz*wThickTX)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(uTangT
X*[Link]+vTan
gTX*[Link]+wT
angTX*[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTX+[Link]
*uThickTX)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiy*vThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P Tangential
hiy*wThickTX)*be gradient of Edges 1–
[Link] 1
[Link])/ displacement, 26
(1+[Link]) ZX component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTX+[Link]
*uThickTX)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTX+beam.P
hiz*vThickTX)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTX+beam.P
hiz*wThickTX)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link] [Link]*(uTangT 1 Tangential Edges 1–
Y*[Link]+vTan gradient of 26
gTY*[Link]+wT displacement,
angTY*[Link]) XY component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTY+[Link]
*uThickTY)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiy*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P
36
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
hiy*wThickTY)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTY+[Link]
*uThickTY)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiz*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P
hiz*wThickTY)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(uTangT
Y*[Link]+vTan
gTY*[Link]+wT
angTY*[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTY+[Link]
*uThickTY)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiy*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P Tangential
hiy*wThickTY)*be gradient of Edges 1–
[Link] 1
[Link])/ displacement, 26
(1+[Link]) YY component
+[Link]*((uTh
inTY+[Link]*
uThickTY)*beam.n
lzX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiz*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P
hiz*wThickTY)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link] [Link]*(uTangT 1 Tangential Edges 1–
Y*[Link]+vTan gradient of 26
gTY*[Link]+wT displacement,
angTY*[Link]) ZY component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTY+[Link]
*uThickTY)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiy*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P
hiy*wThickTY)*be
[Link])/
37
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
(1+[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTY+[Link]
*uThickTY)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTY+beam.P
hiz*vThickTY)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTY+beam.P
hiz*wThickTY)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(uTangT
Z*[Link]+vTan
gTZ*[Link]+wT
angTZ*[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTZ+[Link]
*uThickTZ)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiy*vThickTZ)*be
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P Tangential
hiy*wThickTZ)*be gradient of Edges 1–
[Link] 1
[Link])/ displacement, 26
(1+[Link]) XZ component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTZ+[Link]
*uThickTZ)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*vThickTZ)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*wThickTZ)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link] [Link]*(uTangT 1 Tangential Edges 1–
Z*[Link]+vTan gradient of 26
gTZ*[Link]+wT displacement,
angTZ*[Link]) YZ component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTZ+[Link]
*uThickTZ)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiy*vThickTZ)*be
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P
hiy*wThickTZ)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
+[Link]*((uTh
38
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
inTZ+[Link]*
uThickTZ)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*vThickTZ)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*wThickTZ)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(uTangT
Z*[Link]+vTan
gTZ*[Link]+wT
angTZ*[Link])
+[Link]*((uT
hinTZ+[Link]
*uThickTZ)*beam.
nlyX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiy*vThickTZ)*be
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P Tangential
hiy*wThickTZ)*be gradient of Edges 1–
[Link] 1
[Link])/ displacement, 26
(1+[Link]) ZZ component
+[Link]*((uT
hinTZ+[Link]
*uThickTZ)*beam.
nlzX+
(vThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*vThickTZ)*bea
[Link]+
(wThinTZ+beam.P
hiz*wThickTZ)*be
[Link])/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(uTangT
X*[Link]+uTan
gTY*[Link]+uT
angTZ*[Link])
+[Link]*(vTang
TX*[Link]+vTa
Axial strain at Edges 1–
[Link] ngTY*[Link]+v 1
center line 26
TangTZ*[Link])
+[Link]*(wTan
gTX*[Link]+wT
angTY*[Link]+
wTangTZ*[Link]
Z)
[Link] ([Link]*((thxT rad/m Curvature Edges 1–
hinTX+[Link] around local z 26
*thxThickTX)*bea axis
[Link]+

39
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
(thxThinTY+beam
.Phiy*thxThickTY)
*[Link]+
(thxThinTZ+beam
.Phiy*thxThickTZ)
*[Link])
+[Link]*((thy
ThinTX+[Link]
y*thyThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(thyThinTY+beam
.Phiy*thyThickTY)
*[Link]+
(thyThinTZ+beam
.Phiy*thyThickTZ)
*[Link])
+[Link]*((thz
ThinTX+[Link]
y*thzThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(thzThinTY+beam
.Phiy*thzThickTY)*
[Link]+
(thzThinTZ+beam
.Phiy*thzThickTZ)
*[Link]))/
(1+[Link])
[Link] ([Link]*((thxT rad/m Curvature Edges 1–
hinTX+[Link] around local y 26
*thxThickTX)*bea axis
[Link]+
(thxThinTY+beam
.Phiz*thxThickTY)*
[Link]+
(thxThinTZ+beam
.Phiz*thxThickTZ)
*[Link])
+[Link]*((thy
ThinTX+[Link]
z*thyThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(thyThinTY+beam
.Phiz*thyThickTY)*
[Link]+
(thyThinTZ+beam
.Phiz*thyThickTZ)
*[Link])
+[Link]*((thz
ThinTX+[Link]
z*thzThickTX)*be
[Link]+
(thzThinTY+beam
.Phiz*thzThickTY)*
[Link]+

40
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
(thzThinTZ+beam
.Phiz*thzThickTZ)*
[Link]))/
(1+[Link])
[Link]*(thxTan
gTX*[Link]+th
xTangTY*[Link]
+thxTangTZ*bea
[Link])
+[Link]*(thyTa
ngTX*[Link]+t
Edges 1–
[Link] hyTangTY*beam.t rad/m Axial twist
26
lY+thyTangTZ*be
[Link])
+[Link]*(thzTa
ngTX*[Link]+t
hzTangTY*[Link]
Y+thzTangTZ*bea
[Link])
(thxThinTXX*bea
[Link]+thxThinTXY
*[Link]+thxThi
nTXZ*[Link])*b
[Link]+
(thxThinTYX*bea
[Link]+thxThinTYY Intermediate
[Link] Edges 1–
*[Link]+thxThi 1/m² variable, X
TX 26
nTYZ*[Link])*b component
[Link]+
(thxThinTZX*bea
[Link]+thxThinTZY
*[Link]+thxThi
nTZZ*[Link])*b
[Link]
(thyThinTXX*bea
[Link]+thyThinTXY
*[Link]+thyThi
nTXZ*[Link])*b
[Link]+
(thyThinTYX*bea
[Link]+thyThinTYY Intermediate
[Link] Edges 1–
*[Link]+thyThi 1/m² variable, Y
TY 26
nTYZ*[Link])*b component
[Link]+
(thyThinTZX*bea
[Link]+thyThinTZY
*[Link]+thyThi
nTZZ*[Link])*b
[Link]
[Link] (thzThinTXX*bea 1/m² Intermediate Edges 1–
TZ [Link]+thzThinTXY variable, Z 26
*[Link]+thzThi component
nTXZ*[Link])*b
41
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
[Link]+
(thzThinTYX*bea
[Link]+thzThinTYY
*[Link]+thzThi
nTYZ*[Link])*b
[Link]+
(thzThinTZX*bea
[Link]+thzThinTZY
*[Link]+thzThi
nTZZ*[Link])*b
[Link]
-
beam.E*[Link]
*([Link]*bea
[Link]+bea
Shear strain
[Link]*[Link] Edges 1–
[Link] 1 along local y
hinTTY+[Link] 26
axis
Z*[Link]
Z)/
(beam.G*[Link]
ea)
beam.E*[Link]
*([Link]*bea
[Link]+bea
[Link]*[Link] Shear strain
Edges 1–
[Link] hinTTY+[Link] 1 along local z
26
Z*[Link] axis
Z)/
(beam.G*[Link]
ea)

Shape functions
Shape Shape
Name Unit Description Selection
function frame
Timoshenko
Displacement field, x
u beam m Material Edges 1–26
component
(Cubic)
Timoshenko
Displacement field, y
v beam m Material Edges 1–26
component
(Cubic)
Timoshenko
Displacement field, z
w beam m Material Edges 1–26
component
(Cubic)

Weak Expressions
Integration
Weak expression Integration order Selection
frame
-[Link]*test([Link])- 6 Material Edges 1–26
[Link]*test([Link])-

42
 Integration
Weak expression Integration order Selection
frame
[Link]*test([Link])-
[Link]*test([Link])

2.4.4 Cross-Section Data 1

Cross-Section Data 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

EQUATIONS

43
Cross-Section Definition

SETTINGS
Description Value
Common
Cross-section definition
sections
Section type Box
Width in local y direction 0.2
Width in local z direction 0.2
Wall thickness in local y
0.005
direction
Wall thickness in local z
0.005
direction

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
Width in
beam.hy_bo
0.2 m local y Edges 1–26
x
direction
Width in
beam.hz_bo
0.2 m local z Edges 1–26
x
direction
Wall
thickness in
beam.ty_box 0.005 m Edges 1–26
local y
direction
Wall
thickness in
beam.tz_box 0.005 m Edges 1–26
local z
direction
Equivalent
[Link] 0.25*(beam.hy_box+beam.hz_box) m Edges 1–26
radius
2*(beam.hy_box*beam.tz_box+bea
[Link] m.hz_box*beam.ty_box)- m² Area Edges 1–26
4*beam.ty_box*beam.tz_box
(beam.tz_box*beam.hy_box^3+be
am.ty_box^3*(beam.hz_box-
Moment of
2*beam.tz_box))/
[Link] m⁴ inertia about Edges 1–26
6+0.5*beam.ty_box*(beam.hz_box
local z-axis
-2*beam.tz_box)*(beam.hy_box-
beam.ty_box)^2
[Link] 0.0625*(beam.hy_box^2*beam.hz_ 1 Max shear Edges 1–26
box-(beam.hy_box- stress factor
2*beam.ty_box)^2*(beam.hz_box- in local y

44
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
2*beam.tz_box))*[Link]/
direction
(beam.tz_box*[Link])
Distance to
shear center
[Link] 0 m Edges 1–26
in local z
direction
(beam.ty_box*beam.hz_box^3+be
am.tz_box^3*(beam.hy_box-
Moment of
2*beam.ty_box))/
[Link] m⁴ inertia about Edges 1–26
6+0.5*beam.tz_box*(beam.hy_box
local y-axis
-2*beam.ty_box)*(beam.hz_box-
beam.tz_box)^2
0.0625*(beam.hz_box^2*beam.hy_
Max shear
box-(beam.hz_box-
stress factor
[Link] 2*beam.tz_box)^2*(beam.hy_box- 1 Edges 1–26
in local z
2*beam.ty_box))*[Link]/
direction
(beam.ty_box*[Link])
Distance to
shear center
[Link] 0 m Edges 1–26
in local y
direction
2*((beam.hy_box-
beam.ty_box)*(beam.hz_box-
beam.J_bea beam.tz_box))^2/((beam.hy_box- Torsional
m⁴ Edges 1–26
m beam.ty_box)/beam.tz_box+ constant
(beam.hz_box-beam.tz_box)/
beam.ty_box)
2*(beam.hy_box-
Torsional
beam.ty_box)*(beam.hz_box-
[Link] m³ section Edges 1–26
beam.tz_box)*min(beam.ty_box,be
modulus
am.tz_box)
Evaluation
[Link]
-0.5*beam.hy_box m point 1, local Edges 1–26
m1
y component
Evaluation
[Link]
0.5*beam.hy_box m point 2, local Edges 1–26
m2
y component
Evaluation
[Link]
0.5*beam.hy_box m point 3, local Edges 1–26
m3
y component
Evaluation
[Link]
-0.5*beam.hy_box m point 4, local Edges 1–26
m4
y component
Evaluation
[Link]
-0.5*beam.hz_box m point 1, local Edges 1–26
1
z component
Evaluation
[Link]
-0.5*beam.hz_box m point 2, local Edges 1–26
2
z component
[Link] 0.5*beam.hz_box m Evaluation Edges 1–26
45
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
point 3, local
3
z component
Evaluation
[Link]
0.5*beam.hz_box m point 4, local Edges 1–26
4
z component
Local
tangent
[Link] [Link] 1 direction Edges 1–26
(deformed),
x component
Local
tangent
[Link] [Link] 1 direction Edges 1–26
(deformed),
y component
Local
tangent
[Link] [Link] 1 direction Edges 1–26
(deformed),
z component
Local y
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
x component
Local y
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
y component
Local y
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
z component
Local z
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
x component
Local z
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
y component
Local z
direction
[Link] [Link] 1 Edges 1–26
(deformed),
z component
Moment of
[Link] ([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^2 m⁴ inertia, XX Edges 1–26
component
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, YX Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
46
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, ZX Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, XY Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
Moment of
[Link] ([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^2 m⁴ inertia, YY Edges 1–26
component
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, ZY Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, XZ Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
Moment of
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link] m⁴ inertia, YZ Edges 1–26
[Link]
component
Moment of
[Link] ([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^2 m⁴ inertia, ZZ Edges 1–26
component
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^
2+[Link]*[Link]^2+beam.I Moment of
[Link] zz*[Link]^2+[Link]*((2*X m⁴ inertia, xx Edges 1–26
+u)*u+(2*Y+v)*v+(2*Z+w)*w- component
(X+u)*u-u*X)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]* Moment of
[Link] [Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b m⁴ inertia, yx Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*(-(Y+v)*u- component
v*X)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b Moment of
[Link] [Link]+[Link]*[Link]*be m⁴ inertia, zx Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*(-(Z+w)*u- component
w*X)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]* Moment of
[Link] [Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b m⁴ inertia, xy Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*(-(X+u)*v- component
u*Y)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^
2+[Link]*[Link]^2+beam.I Moment of
[Link] zz*[Link]^2+[Link]*((2*X m⁴ inertia, yy Edges 1–26
+u)*u+(2*Y+v)*v+(2*Z+w)*w- component
(Y+v)*v-v*Y)
[Link] ([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*b m⁴ Moment of Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b inertia, zy
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]*be component
[Link]+[Link]*(-(Z+w)*v-
47
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection
w*Y)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]* Moment of
[Link] [Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b m⁴ inertia, xz Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*(-(X+u)*w- component
u*Z)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]*
[Link]+[Link]*[Link]* Moment of
[Link] [Link]+[Link]*[Link]*b m⁴ inertia, yz Edges 1–26
[Link]+[Link]*(-(Y+v)*w- component
v*Z)
([Link]+[Link])*[Link]^
2+[Link]*[Link]^2+beam.I Moment of
[Link] zz*[Link]^2+[Link]*((2*X m⁴ inertia, zz Edges 1–26
+u)*u+(2*Y+v)*v+(2*Z+w)*w- component
(Z+w)*w-w*Z)

Section Orientation 1

Section Orientation 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

Section Orientation

SETTINGS

48
 Description Value
Reference
Orientation method
point
Reference point defining local y direction, X component 1000
Reference point defining local y direction, Y component 1000
Reference point defining local y direction, Z component 1000

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection

(beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Initial local y
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
[Link] 1 direction, X Edges 1–26
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
component
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Initial local y
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
[Link] 1 direction, Y Edges 1–26
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
component
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
[Link] (beam.point_beamZ-Z- 1 Initial local y Edges 1–26
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+ direction, Z
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+ component
49
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-X)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamY-Y)*[Link]+
(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])/
sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Initial local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, X Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)
(-
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be
[Link])/sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Initial local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, Y Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)
([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])/
sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Initial local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, Z Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)
Reference
point
[Link] defining
1000 m Edges 1–26
_beamX local y
direction, X
component
Reference
point
[Link] defining
1000 m Edges 1–26
_beamY local y
direction, Y
component
[Link] 1000 m Reference Edges 1–26
_beamZ point

50
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
defining
local y
direction, Z
component
(beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Local y
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
[Link] 1 direction, X Edges 1–26
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
component
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Local y
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
[Link] 1 direction, Y Edges 1–26
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
component
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
[Link] (beam.point_beamZ-Z- 1 Local y Edges 1–26
((beam.point_beamX- direction, Z
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY- component
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])/
sqrt((beam.point_beamX-X-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-

51
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamY-Y-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+
(beam.point_beamZ-Z-
((beam.point_beamX-
X)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamY-
Y)*[Link]+(beam.point_beamZ-
Z)*[Link])*[Link])^2+eps)
([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])/
sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, X Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)
(-
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be
[Link])/sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, Y Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)
([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])/
sqrt(([Link]*[Link]- Local z
[Link] [Link]*[Link])^2+(- 1 direction, Z Edges 1–26
[Link]*[Link]+[Link]*be component
[Link])^2+([Link]*[Link]-
[Link]*[Link])^2)

52
2.4.5 Free 1

Free 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity
Point
level
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 0: All points

2.4.6 Initial Values 1

Initial Values 1

SELECTION

53
 Geometric entity
Edge
level
Geometry geom1: Dimension 1:
Selection
All edges

Coordinate System Selection

SETTINGS
Description Value
Coordinate Global coordinate
system system

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
Initial value of displacement, x
[Link] 0 m Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of displacement, y
[Link] 0 m Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of displacement, z
[Link] 0 m Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of structural velocity,
[Link] 0 m/s Edges 1–26
x component
Initial value of structural velocity,
[Link] 0 m/s Edges 1–26
y component
Initial value of structural velocity, z
[Link] 0 m/s Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of rotation, X
[Link] 0 rad Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of rotation, Y
[Link] 0 rad Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of rotation, Z
[Link] 0 rad Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of angular velocity, X
[Link] 0 rad/s Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of angular velocity, Y
[Link] 0 rad/s Edges 1–26
component
Initial value of angular velocity, Z
[Link] 0 rad/s Edges 1–26
component

54
2.4.7 Fixed Constraint 1

Fixed Constraint 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Point
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 0: Points 1–2, 7–8, 13–14

EQUATIONS

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Displacement
Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] m field, x
7–8, 13–14 n
component
Displacement
Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] m field, y
7–8, 13–14 n
component
Displacement
Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] m field, z
7–8, 13–14 n
component
Rotation field, x Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] rad
component 7–8, 13–14 n
Rotation field, y Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] rad
component 7–8, 13–14 n
Rotation field, z Points 1–2, + operatio
[Link] [Link] rad
component 7–8, 13–14 n

55
Constraints
Shape
Constraint Constraint force Selection Details
function
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14
Lagrange Points 1–2,
-[Link] test(-[Link]) Elemental
(Linear) 7–8, 13–14

2.4.8 Edge Load 1

Edge Load 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Edge
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Edges 3, 5, 7, 13, 15, 17, 23

EQUATIONS

56
Force

SETTINGS
Descripti
Value
on
Force per unit
Load type
length
Edge load User defined
Edge load {0, -50000, 0}

Moment

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Moment edge load, x
0
component
Moment edge load, y
0
component
Moment edge load, z
0
component

Coordinate System Selection

SETTINGS
Description Value
Coordinate Global coordinate
system system

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, x
beam.el1.F_Lx N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthx component
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, y
beam.el1.F_Ly N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthy component
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, z
beam.el1.F_Lz N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthz component
17, 23

57
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
sqrt(real([Link]
1.F_Lx)^2+real(b Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.F_L_Ma Load
eam.el1.F_Ly)^2 N/m 7, 13, 15,
g magnitude
+real(beam.el1.F 17, 23
_Lz)^2)
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, x + operatio
beam.F_Lx N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthx component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, y + operatio
beam.F_Ly N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthy component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Load, z + operatio
beam.F_Lz N/m 7, 13, 15,
ngthz component n
17, 23
sqrt(real(beam.F_
Edges 3, 5,
Lx)^2+real(beam Load
beam.F_L_Mag N/m 7, 13, 15,
.F_Ly)^2+real(be magnitude
17, 23
am.F_Lz)^2)
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, x
beam.el1.M_Lx N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthx component
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, y
beam.el1.M_Ly N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthy component
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, z
beam.el1.M_Lz N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthz component
17, 23
sqrt(real([Link]
1.M_Lx)^2+real( Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.M_L_M Moment
beam.el1.M_Ly)^ N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
ag magnitude
2+real(beam.el1. 17, 23
M_Lz)^2)
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, x + operatio
beam.M_Lx N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthx component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, y + operatio
beam.M_Ly N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthy component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Moment, z + operatio
beam.M_Lz N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
engthz component n
17, 23
sqrt(real(beam.M
Edges 3, 5,
_Lx)^2+real(bea Load
beam.M_L_Mag N·m/m 7, 13, 15,
m.M_Ly)^2+real( magnitude
17, 23
beam.M_Lz)^2)
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Edge load, x
0 N/m 7, 13, 15, * operation
engthx component
17, 23
[Link] -50000 N/m Edge load, y Edges 3, 5, * operation

58
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
7, 13, 15,
engthy component
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
[Link] Edge load, z
0 N/m 7, 13, 15, * operation
engthz component
17, 23
Moment Edges 3, 5,
[Link]
0 N·m/m edge load, x 7, 13, 15, * operation
engthx
component 17, 23
Moment Edges 3, 5,
[Link]
0 N·m/m edge load, y 7, 13, 15, * operation
engthy
component 17, 23
Moment Edges 3, 5,
[Link]
0 N·m/m edge load, z 7, 13, 15, * operation
engthz
component 17, 23
beam.Tle21*bea Shear Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.ex_sc [Link]+beam.Tle3 m center, x 7, 13, 15,
1*[Link] component 17, 23
beam.Tle22*bea Shear Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.ey_sc [Link]+beam.Tle3 m center, y 7, 13, 15,
2*[Link] component 17, 23
beam.Tle23*bea Shear Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.ez_sc [Link]+beam.Tle3 m center, z 7, 13, 15,
3*[Link] component 17, 23
((beam.el1.F_Lz*
beam.el1.ey_sc-
beam.el1.F_Ly*be
am.el1.ez_sc)*be
[Link]+(-
beam.el1.F_Lz*be
am.el1.ex_sc+be
Local Edges 3, 5,
am.el1.F_Lx*bea
[Link] N moment, x 7, 13, 15,
m.el1.ez_sc)*bea
component 17, 23
[Link]+
(beam.el1.F_Ly*b
eam.el1.ex_sc-
beam.el1.F_Lx*be
am.el1.ey_sc)*be
[Link])*[Link]
eX
[Link] ((beam.el1.F_Lz* N Local Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.ey_sc- moment, y 7, 13, 15,
beam.el1.F_Ly*be component 17, 23
am.el1.ez_sc)*be
[Link]+(-
beam.el1.F_Lz*be
am.el1.ex_sc+be
am.el1.F_Lx*bea
m.el1.ez_sc)*bea
[Link]+
(beam.el1.F_Ly*b
eam.el1.ex_sc-
59
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
beam.el1.F_Lx*be
am.el1.ey_sc)*be
[Link])*[Link]
eY
((beam.el1.F_Lz*
beam.el1.ey_sc-
beam.el1.F_Ly*be
am.el1.ez_sc)*be
[Link]+(-
beam.el1.F_Lz*be
am.el1.ex_sc+be
Local Edges 3, 5,
am.el1.F_Lx*bea
[Link] N moment, z 7, 13, 15,
m.el1.ez_sc)*bea
component 17, 23
[Link]+
(beam.el1.F_Ly*b
eam.el1.ex_sc-
beam.el1.F_Lx*be
am.el1.ey_sc)*be
[Link])*[Link]
eZ
Moment Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.M_Lx+b
beam.Mlxel1 N load, x 7, 13, 15,
[Link]
component 17, 23
Moment Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.M_Ly+b
beam.Mlyel1 N load, y 7, 13, 15,
[Link]
component 17, 23
Moment Edges 3, 5,
beam.el1.M_Lz+b
beam.Mlzel1 N load, z 7, 13, 15,
[Link]
component 17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
Load phase, + operatio
beam.el1.FPh1 0 rad 7, 13, 15,
x component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
Load phase, + operatio
beam.el1.FPh2 0 rad 7, 13, 15,
y component n
17, 23
Edges 3, 5,
Load phase, + operatio
beam.el1.FPh3 0 rad 7, 13, 15,
z component n
17, 23
Moment load Edges 3, 5,
+ operatio
beam.el1.MPh1 0 rad phase, x 7, 13, 15,
n
component 17, 23
Moment load Edges 3, 5,
+ operatio
beam.el1.MPh2 0 rad phase, y 7, 13, 15,
n
component 17, 23
Moment load Edges 3, 5,
+ operatio
beam.el1.MPh3 0 rad phase, z 7, 13, 15,
n
component 17, 23

60
Weak Expressions
Integration
Weak expression Integration order Selection
frame
beam.el1.F_Lx*test([Link]) Edges 3, 5,
+beam.el1.F_Ly*test([Link]) 6 Spatial 7, 13, 15,
+beam.el1.F_Lz*test([Link]) 17, 23
beam.Mlxel1*test([Link]) Edges 3, 5,
+beam.Mlyel1*test([Link]) 6 Spatial 7, 13, 15,
+beam.Mlzel1*test([Link]) 17, 23

2.4.9 Rigid Connector 1

Rigid Connector 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Point
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 0: Points 3–6, 9–12, 15–18

EQUATIONS

Center of Rotation

SETTINGS
Description Value
Center of Automat
rotation ic
Offset Off

61
Prescribed Displacement at Center of Rotation

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Prescribed in x
Off
direction
Prescribed in y
Off
direction
Prescribed in z
Off
direction

Prescribed Rotation

SETTINGS
Descripti Valu
on e
By Free

Reaction Force Settings

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Evaluate reaction forces Off
Apply reaction only on rigid body variables Off

Coordinate System Selection

SETTINGS
Description Value
Coordinate Global coordinate
system system

Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Rigid body
beam.brig1.u beam.u_brig1 m displacement, Global
x component
Rigid body
beam.brig1.v beam.v_brig1 m displacement, Global
y component
Rigid body
beam.brig1.w beam.w_brig1 m displacement, Global
z component
beam.xcx_brig [Link](X)/ m Global Global + operatio

62
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
coordinates of
center of
1 [Link](1) n
rotation, x
component
Global
coordinates of
beam.xcy_brig [Link](Y)/ + operatio
m center of Global
1 [Link](1) n
rotation, y
component
Global
coordinates of
beam.xcz_brig [Link](Z)/ + operatio
m center of Global
1 [Link](1) n
rotation, z
component
Rigid body
beam.brig1.a beam.a_brig1 1 rotation, real Global
part
Rigid body
rotation,
beam.brig1.b beam.b_brig1 1 imaginary Global
part, x
component
Rigid body
rotation,
beam.brig1.c beam.c_brig1 1 imaginary Global
part, y
component
Rigid body
rotation,
beam.brig1.d beam.d_brig1 1 imaginary Global
part, z
component
Rotation
beam.rotxx_bri
1 1 matrix, xx Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotyx_bri
2*beam.brig1.d 1 matrix, yx Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotzx_bri
-2*beam.brig1.c 1 matrix, zx Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotxy_bri
-2*beam.brig1.d 1 matrix, xy Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotyy_bri
1 1 matrix, yy Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotzy_bri
2*beam.brig1.b 1 matrix, zy Global
g1
component
63
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Rotation
beam.rotxz_bri
2*beam.brig1.c 1 matrix, xz Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotyz_bri
-2*beam.brig1.b 1 matrix, yz Global
g1
component
Rotation
beam.rotzz_bri
1 1 matrix, zz Global
g1
component
Coordinates
relative to Points 3–6,
[Link] X-beam.xcx_brig1 m center of 9–12, 15–
rotation, x 18
component
Coordinates
relative to Points 3–6,
[Link] Y-beam.xcy_brig1 m center of 9–12, 15–
rotation, y 18
component
Coordinates
relative to Points 3–6,
[Link] Z-beam.xcz_brig1 m center of 9–12, 15–
rotation, z 18
component
beam.rotxx_brig1*
[Link]+b
eam.rotxy_brig1*b
Surface Points 3–6,
beam.Usx_brig [Link]+be + operatio
m displacement, 9–12, 15–
1 am.rotxz_brig1*be n
x component 18
[Link]-
[Link]+b
eam.brig1.u
beam.rotyx_brig1*
[Link]+b
eam.rotyy_brig1*b
Surface Points 3–6,
beam.Usy_brig [Link]+be + operatio
m displacement, 9–12, 15–
1 am.rotyz_brig1*be n
y component 18
[Link]-
[Link]+b
eam.brig1.v
beam.rotzx_brig1*
[Link]+b
eam.rotzy_brig1*b
Surface Points 3–6,
beam.Usz_brig [Link]+be + operatio
m displacement, 9–12, 15–
1 am.rotzz_brig1*be n
z component 18
[Link]-
[Link]+b
eam.brig1.w
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Ru_brig1 0 N equation right- Global
n
hand side
64
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Rv_brig1 0 N equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Rw_brig1 0 N equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Ra_brig1 0 N·m equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Rb_brig1 0 N·m equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Rc_brig1 0 N·m equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
+ operatio
beam.Rd_brig1 0 N·m equation right- Global
n
hand side
Rigid body
[Link] beam.brig1.u m displacement, Global
x component
Rigid body
[Link] beam.brig1.v m displacement, Global
y component
Rigid body
[Link] beam.brig1.w m displacement, Global
z component
Rigid body
rotation,
[Link] beam.brig1.b 1 imaginary Global
part, x
component
Rigid body
rotation,
[Link] beam.brig1.c 1 imaginary Global
part, y
component
Rigid body
rotation,
[Link] beam.brig1.d 1 imaginary Global
part, z
component
Rigid body
beam.thx_brig1 2*beam.brig1.b rad rotation, x Global
component
Rigid body
beam.thy_brig1 2*beam.brig1.c rad rotation, y Global
component
beam.thz_brig1 2*beam.brig1.d rad Rigid body Global

65
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
rotation, z
component
Foundation
[Link]
2*beam.brig1.b rad rotation, x Global
x
component
Foundation
[Link]
2*beam.brig1.c rad rotation, y Global
y
component
Foundation
[Link]
2*beam.brig1.d rad rotation, z Global
z
component
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link]
u m displacement, 9–12, 15–
x
x component 18
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link]
v m displacement, 9–12, 15–
y
y component 18
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link] w m displacement, 9–12, 15–
z component 18
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link]
thx rad rotation, x 9–12, 15–
x
component 18
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link]
thy rad rotation, y 9–12, 15–
y
component 18
Rigid body Points 3–6,
[Link]
thz rad rotation, z 9–12, 15–
z
component 18
Beam rigid Points 3–6,
beam.brig1.a_b
1 1 body rotation, 9–12, 15–
eam
real part 18
Beam rigid
Points 3–6,
beam.brig1.b_b 0.5*[Link] body rotation,
1 9–12, 15–
eam bx imaginary x
18
component
Beam rigid
Points 3–6,
beam.brig1.c_b 0.5*[Link] body rotation,
1 9–12, 15–
eam by imaginary y
18
component
Beam rigid
Points 3–6,
beam.brig1.d_b 0.5*[Link] body rotation,
1 9–12, 15–
eam bz imaginary z
18
component
[Link]
1 Type Global
e

66
Weak Expressions
Integration
Weak expression Integration order Selection
frame
beam.Ru_brig1*test(beam.brig1.
6 Global
u)
beam.Rv_brig1*test(beam.brig1.
6 Global
v)
beam.Rw_brig1*test(beam.brig1.
6 Global
w)
2*beam.Rb_brig1*test([Link]
6 Global
1.b)
2*beam.Rc_brig1*test([Link]
6 Global
1.c)
2*beam.Rd_brig1*test([Link]
6 Global
1.d)

Constraints
Shape
Constraint Constraint force Selection Details
function
1-beam.brig1.a test(1-beam.brig1.a) Global Elemental
-
test(- Points 3–6,
[Link] Lagrange
[Link]+beam.Usx_brig 9–12, 15– Elemental
+beam.Usx_bri (Linear)
1) 18
g1
-
test(- Points 3–6,
[Link] Lagrange
[Link]+beam.Usy_brig 9–12, 15– Elemental
+beam.Usy_bri (Linear)
1) 18
g1
-
test(- Points 3–6,
[Link] Lagrange
[Link]+beam.Usz_brig 9–12, 15– Elemental
+beam.Usz_bri (Linear)
1) 18
g1
beam.brig1.a- Points 3–6,
test(beam.brig1.a- Lagrange
beam.brig1.a_b 9–12, 15– Elemental
beam.brig1.a_beam) (Linear)
eam 18
beam.brig1.b- Points 3–6,
test(beam.brig1.b- Lagrange
beam.brig1.b_b 9–12, 15– Elemental
beam.brig1.b_beam) (Linear)
eam 18
beam.brig1.c- Points 3–6,
test(beam.brig1.c- Lagrange
beam.brig1.c_b 9–12, 15– Elemental
beam.brig1.c_beam) (Linear)
eam 18
beam.brig1.d- Points 3–6,
test(beam.brig1.d- Lagrange
beam.brig1.d_b 9–12, 15– Elemental
beam.brig1.d_beam) (Linear)
eam 18

67
2.5 MESH 1

Mesh 1

MESH STATISTICS
Valu
Description
e
Minimum element
1.0
quality
Average element
1.0
quality
Edge element 108
Vertex element 18

2.5.1 Size (size)

SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Maximum element size 1.2
Minimum element size 0.216
Curvature factor 0.6
Resolution of narrow
0.5
regions
Maximum element
1.5
growth rate

68
2.5.2 Edge 1 (edg1)
SELECTION
Geometric entity
Edge
level
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Edges 1–26

Edge 1

69
3 Study 1

COMPUTATION INFORMATION
Computation
1s
time

3.1 STATIONARY

STUDY SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Include geometric
Off
nonlinearity

PHYSICS AND VARIABLES SELECTION

Physics Discretizat
interface ion
Beam (beam) physics

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
Geometry 1 mesh
(geom1) 1

3.2 SOLVER CONFIGURATIONS

3.2.1 Solution 1

Compile Equations: Stationary (st1)

STUDY AND STEP

Descriptio
Value
n
Use study
Use study
step

LOG

70
 <---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ---------------
Started at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:39 PM.
Geometry shape function: Cubic Lagrange
Running on Intel64 Family 6 Model 154 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel.
Using 1 socket with 16 cores in total on Dawnie.
Available memory: 7.90 GB.
Time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 981 MB
Virtual memory: 1660 MB
Ended at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:40 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -------------->

Dependent Variables 1 (v1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study
step

LOG
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -----------------------
Started at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:40 PM.
Solution time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 982 MB
Virtual memory: 1659 MB
Ended at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:40 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ---------------------->

Displacement field (comp1.u) (comp1_u)

GENERAL
Description Value
{[Link], [Link], [Link], [Link],
[Link], [Link], [Link], [Link],
[Link], [Link], [Link], [Link],
Field components
[Link], [Link], [Link], [Link],
[Link], [Link], comp1.u, comp1.v, comp1.w,
[Link], [Link], [Link]}

[Link].uvw_brig1 (comp1_beam_uvw_brig1)

GENERAL
Description Value
State components {[Link].u_brig1, [Link].v_brig1, [Link].w_brig1}

[Link].a_brig1 (comp1_beam_a_brig1)

GENERAL
Description Value
State [Link].a_
71
 Description Value
components brig1

[Link].bcd_brig1 (comp1_beam_bcd_brig1)

GENERAL
Description Value
State components {[Link].b_brig1, [Link].c_brig1, [Link].d_brig1}

Stationary Solver 1 (s1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study
step

LOG
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -------------------------
Started at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:40 PM.
Linear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 607.
Symmetric matrices found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Displacement field (comp1.u): 0.00015
[Link].a_brig1: 1
[Link].bcd_brig1: 1
[Link].uvw_brig1: 1
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.62 1.0000000 0.62 1 1 1 8e-14 5.5e-15
Solution time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 1.1 GB
Virtual memory: 1.68 GB
Ended at Dec 5, 2025 11:02:41 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------------>

Advanced (aDef)

ASSEMBLY SETTINGS
Valu
Description
e
Reuse sparsity
On
pattern

Fully Coupled 1 (fc1)

GENERAL

72
Descriptio
Value
n
Linear
solver

73
4 Results

4.1 DATASETS

4.1.1 Study 1/Solution 1

SOLUTION
Descripti
Value
on
Solution
Compone Component 1
nt (comp1)

Dataset: Study 1/Solution 1

4.1.2 Cut Line 3D 1

DATA
Descripti
Value
on
Dataset

LINE DATA
Description Value
Line entry
Two points
method
{{0, 0, 0}, {1, 0,
Points
0}}

74
 ADVANCED
Descriptio Valu
n e
Space
cln1x
variable

4.2 PLOT GROUPS

4.2.1 Stress (beam)

Line: von Mises stress (N/m2)

75
4.2.2 Beam Orientation (beam)

Beam approximate radius and principal axes

4.3 SECTION FORCES (BEAM)

4.3.1 Moment Y (beam)

Line: Bending moment, local y direction (N*m)

76
4.3.2 Moment Z (beam)

Line: Bending moment, local z direction (N*m)

4.3.3 Shear Force Y (beam)

Line: Shear force, local y direction (N)

77
4.3.4 Shear Force Z (beam)

Line: Shear force, local z direction (N)

4.3.5 Axial Force (beam)

Line: Local axial force (N)

78
4.3.6 Torsion Moment (beam)

Line: Torsional moment, local x direction (N*m)

4.4 APPLIED LOADS (BEAM)

4.4.1 Edge Loads (beam)

Edge Loads (beam)

79
4.5 PLOT GROUPS

4.5.1 1D Plot Group 11

Line Graph: Displacement magnitude DE (m)

4.5.2 1D Plot Group 12

Line Graph: von Mises stress (N/m2)

80