Once students understand HOW

things are said, they can better

understand WHAT is being said,
and only then do they have a
chance to know WHY it is said.

- Robert E. Jamison
 Nature of Mathematics
•Mathematical Language and Symbols
•Characteristics of mathematical
language: precise, concise and
powerful
•Expression vs Sentences
•Convention in the mathematical
language
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Identify the characteristics of mathematical language;

2. Distinguish the difference between mathematical expressio
and sentences;
3. Convert mathematical expression or statement into
mathematical symbol and vice versa;
4. Familiarize with different kind of mathematical statement;
5. Define convention in the mathematical language
6. Familiarize with Boolean Operators and connectives
[Link] compound statements in symbolic form and vice versa
What is a Language?
A systematic means of
communicating by
A system of
the use of sounds or
conventional symbols words used in a
particular
discipline

A set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each

finite in length and constructed out of a finite
set of elements.
What is the difference between
English language and
mathematical language?
English is an international language used all
over the world allowing people from
different countries to communicate for
different needs. Mathematics is the
language of sciences but it is also a
language which is used for communication
and for describing different situations in
everyday life.
Is math the language of the universe?
Mathematics is the language of the
universe, and in learning this language, you
are opening yourself up the core
mechanisms by which the cosmos operates.
It is the same as traveling to a new land,
and slowly picking up on the native
language so that you may begin to learn
from them.
Mathematical language is a system used
in the field of mathematics to
communicate mathematical ideas,
concepts, and theories among others. It is
distinct and unique from the usual
language that people are used to, and is
used to communicate abstract, logical
ideas with precision and unambiguity
 3 Characteristics of
Mathematical Language
PRECISE
CONCISE
POWERFUL
 Precision of mathematical language means the language
is able to make very fine distinctions of things.

Conciseness is able to say things briefly.

Mathematical language being powerful is expressing

complex thoughts with relative ease, being
understood by most readers.
Being able to communicate mathematics
using these different types of languages is a
key part of understanding and using
mathematics. Students therefore need to
learn both how to use symbols to describe
things and learn to translate between
natural language and the mathematical
symbolic language.
Who I am?!
෍𝑛
Mathematical Symbols are used to refer to
certain quantities, concepts, ideas among
others. The most common used in basic
mathematics are numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, the four fundamental symbols of
operation +, -, ×, ÷, and the inequality
symbols ≠, ≤, ≥, < >, and equal sign =.
Mathematical Expressions
vs
Mathematical Sentences
What is a Mathematical
Expression?
 mathematical analogue of an English noun
It does NOT state a complete
a correct arrangement of
thought, and does NOT make
mathematical symbols sense to ask if an expression is
used to represent a true or false
mathematical object of
interest

the most common expressions are numbers, sets,

functions, ordered pairs, matrices, vector and group
What is a mathematical
sentence?
mathematical analogue of an English
sentence, and is a correct arrangement of
mathematical symbols that state a
complete thought.

It makes sense to ask if a sentence is true,

false, sometimes true, or sometimes false.
Take a look at the table below, to visualize the
difference of expression and sentence in
mathematics.
ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
NOUN EXPRESSION
Examples: Juan, Bicol Examples: 20, n, 2x+y, (0,-4)
University, Computer
SENTENCE SENTENCE
Examples: The Province of 2x + 4y = 10
Albay is a province in Bicol 5x > -1
Region, Philippines
The Language of Algebra
Mathematical sentences and expressions are
commonly used in Algebra. In fact, these
concepts are taught already during your
7th grade. Let’s take a look back on the
Language of Algebra where symbols,
expressions, and mathematical sentences are
first introduced.
Common Words in Algebra
[Link]. It is a symbol which represents a value or a number.
Usually, small letters are used as variable, e.g. a,x ,y .
[Link]. It is a number on its own which means the value never
is definite and will never change, e.g. 4, 9, 35.
[Link]. It is a constant, or a variable, or a constant and variable/s
multiplied together, e.g. 4, z, 5xy, 87xy, xyz. Literal Coefficient is the
variable in a particular term. Numerical Coefficient is the constant in
a particular term.
[Link]. It is also called algebraic expression. It is a group of
terms separated by the “plus” or “minus” symbols, e.g. 3x-2, x+3.
As mentioned, mathematics uses sentences. In
Algebra, these sentences can be written
mathematically or verbally. Mathematical
sentences are written using variables, constant,
and equal sign or inequality sign; while verbal
sentences are written in words using phrases.
The following are most commonly used phrases
in Algebra:
1. Addition would indicate an increase, a putting together, or
combining. Thus, phrases like increased by and added to are addition
phrases.
2. Subtraction would indicate a lessening, diminishing action. Thus,
phrases like decreased by, less, diminished by are subtraction phrases.
3. Multiplication would indicate a multiplying action. Phrases like
multiplied by or n times are multiplication phrases.
4. Division would indicate partitioning, a quotient, and a ratio. Phrases
such as divided by, ratio of, and quotient of are common for division.
5. The inequalities are indicated by phrases such as less than, greater
than, at least, and at most.
6. Equalities are indicated by phrases like the same as and equal to.
USE n AS A VARIABLE TO WRITE
THE FOLLOWING
MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSION/SENTENCE
(Get your pen and paper)
The sum of a number
and three n+3

Four times a certain number

decreased by one
4n - 1
Forty-six increased by a certain
number is thirty-eight
46 + n = 38

Three subtracted from Fifteen

times a number yields to Twenty-
Seven
15n - 3 = 27
The sum of five times a
number and two is less than
negative ten
5n + 2 < -10

The difference of six times a

number and one is greater
than twelve 6n - 1 > 12
Doubling a number and adding
three gives the same result as
squaring it
2n + 3 = 𝒏
𝟐

The intersection of {2,3,5} and

{2,4,6}
{2,3,5} ∩ {2,4,6}
 EXPRESS IN MATHEMATICAL
STATEMENT THE FOLLOWING
EQUATION
x+5=4
The sum of a number and five is four

A certain number increased by five

yields to four
A number added to five results to four
3x = 15
The product of three and a number is
equal to fifteen
Three times a number results to
fifteen
Thrice a number yields to fifteen
2x – 1 = 1
Twice a number decreased by one is
equal to one

One subtracted from two times a

number results to one
The difference of two times a number
and one is one
One of the most important reason
for using variables in mathematics is
that it gives you the ability to refer
to quantities unambiguously
throughout a lengthy mathematical
argument, while not restricting you
to consider only specific values for
them.
Some Important Kinds of
Mathematical Statements
•Universal Statement
•Conditional Statement
•Existential Statement
Universal Statement (For All)
Says that a certain property is
true for all elements in a set
Example:
All positive numbers are greater
than zero
 Conditional Statement (If-then)

•Says that if one thing is true then

some other thing also has to be
true
Example:
If 378 is divisible by 18, then 378 is divisible by 6
Existential Statement
Says that there is at least one thing
for which the property is true

Example:
there is a prime number that is even
Universal Conditional Statements
• Universal statements contain some variation of the
words “for all” and conditional statements contain
versions of the words “if-then”.
Example: For all animals a, if a is a dog, then a is a mammal
One of the most important facts about universal
conditional statements is that it can be rewritten in
ways that make them appear to be purely universal or
purely conditional
For example the previous statement can be
rewritten in a way that makes its conditional
nature explicit but its universal nature
implicit:

“if a is a dog, then a is a mammal” or;

“If an animal is a dog, then the animal is
a mammal”
The statement can also be expressed so
as to make its universal nature explicit
and its conditional nature implicit:

“For all dogs a, a is a mammal” or;

“All dogs, are mammal”
Universal Existential Statements
•Is a statement that is universal because its
first part says that a certain property is true
for all objects of a given type, and it is
existential because its second part asserts
the existence of something
Example: Every real number has an additive
inverse
Rewrite the following statement.
Every pot has a lid
•All pots have lids
•For all pots P, there is a lid for P
•For all pots P, there is a lid L
such that L is a lid for P
Existential Universal Statements
•Is a statement that is existential because its
first part asserts that a certain object exists
and its universal because its second part
says that the object satisfies a certain
property for all things of a certain kind
Example: There is a positive integer that is
less than or equal to every positive integer.
Rewrite the following statement in
three different ways

There is a person in my
class who is at least as old
as every person in my class
•Some person in my class is at least as old
as every person in my class
•There is a person p in my class such
that p is at least as old as every person in my class
•There is a person p in my class with
the property that for every q in my
class, p is at least as old as q
What is a mathematical
Convention?
A mathematical convention is a
fact, name, notation, or usage
which is generally agreed upon
by mathematicians. For instance, the fact that one
evaluates multiplication before
Mathematicians abide by
addition in the expression. is
conventions in order to allow
merely conventional
other mathematicians to
understand what they write Nearly all mathematical names and
without constantly having to symbols are conventional. The
redefine basic terms. longer a name or notation has been
in use, the more likely it is to become
a mathematical convention.
Output no. 4
Individual
Activity
A. Define the following symbol then give an example of
mathematical statement using the given symbol.

1. ∀
2. ∃
3. ∆
4. ↔
5. ∴
B. Translate each verbal statement into an
algebraic equation
1. Fifty-four minus nine times a certain number gives
eighteen.
2. Seven multiplied by the sum of five and a certain number is
forty-four.
3. Combine five-thirds of m and fifteen corresponds to thirty-
six.
4. Six added to five-sevenths of x gives twenty-eight.
5. Thrice the difference between six times a certain number
and four yields to twenty-two.
6. Eight divides total of four multiplied to a certain
number y and seven is equal to nine.
7. The value of a certain number is less than or equal to
seventeen.
8. The value of twice a certain number is at least eight.
9. Twice a number less than six is equal to four times a
number plus fourteen.
10. The quadruple of a certain quantity decreased by
three-fourths is nineteen.
C. Translate each algebraic equation into
mathematical statement.
1. 2 (5x + 6) = 34
2𝑦
2. 9 + = 16
3
3𝑛 −6
3. 9 = 11 + n
4. 4m < 3 + m
5. 3(x + 1) ≥ 24
D. Give two (2) statement that express

1. Universal Statement
2. Conditional Statement
3. Existential Statement
4. Universal Conditional Statements
5. Universal Existential Statements
6. Existential Universal Statements