WEEK

Similarity

Lesson 1

P Presentation
Ratio and Proportion
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. The ratio of two numbers a and b where b is not equal to
a
zero can be written in three ways: a : b, and a to b.
b
A proportion is a statement of equality between two ratios. In the proportion a : b = c : d
a c
or = , a, b, c, and d are called the terms of the proportion. In a proportion, the product of
b d
the extremes is equal to the product of the means. In the proportion a: b = c : d, the extremes
are a and d and the means are b and c, hence, ad = bc

E Expansion
12
Example 1. Express the ratio in simplest form.
16
Solution:
Divide the numerator and the denominator by their GCF (Greatest Common Factor),
4.

12  4 3

16  4 4
3
The ratio in simplest form is or 3 : 4.
4
Example 2. Find the ratio and express your answer in simplest form.
6 hours to 3 days
Solution:
Step 1. Convert 3 days to hours
3 x 24 = 72 (Since there are 24 hours in one day)
Step 2. Write the ratio in terms of hours

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 6 hours to 72 hours

6 hours 1
=
72 hours 12

Another solution:
Step 1. Convert 6 hours to days

6
6  24 =
24
1
= (Since there are 24 hours in one day)
2
This may be done as follows:

1 day 1
6 hours x = of a day
24 hours 4

Step 2. Write the ratio in terms of days

1
of a day
4 1
= 3
3 days 4

1 1
= x
4 3
1
=
12
Example 3.
a. What is AB : BC? 3 5 7
b. What is (AB + BC) CD ● ● ● ●
A B C D
Solution:
a. AB = 3
b. BC = 5

Hence AB : BC = 3 : 5
AB = 3
BC = 5
CD = 7
Hence (AB + BC) : CD = (3 + 5 ) : 7
=8:7

Example 4.

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 1. a. What is AX:AB? A
b. What is AY :YC?
4 2
X Y

7 3.5

B C
Solution

a. AX = 4
AB = AX + X B
= 4+7
= 11

Hence AX : AB = 4:11
b. AY = 2
YC = 3.5

Hence AY:YC = 2:3.5

5 1 7
3.5 can be written as 3 or 3 or .
10 2 2

AY 2
Therefore, =
YC 7
2

2 7 7 4
But can be written as 2  which is equal to 2 x or
7 2 2 7
2

AY 4
Hence = or AY:YC = 4:7
YC 7
PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9
Example 5

State the means and the extremes in the following statement.

3:7 = 6:14
Solution:

The means are 7 and 6 and the extremes are 3 and 14.

Example 6

Determine whether each pair of ratios forms a proportion.

4 6
a. ,
5 8

4 8
b. ,
7 14

Solution:
a. A proportion is an equality of two ratios

4 6
=
5 8

4:5 = 6:8

The product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes

5(6) =4(8)
30 = 32 This is a false statement

Hence the two ratios do not form a proportion.

b. A proportion is an equality of two ratios

c.
4 8
=
7 14

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 4:7 = 8:14

The product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes

7(8) = 4(14)
56 = 56 This is a true statement

Hence the two ratios form a proportion.

Example 7

Find the value of x.

3 = x
10 30
Solution:

Step 1. Rewrite in the ratio

3:10 = x:30

Step 2. Find the products of the means and the extremes. Then solve for x.
Remember, the product of the means is equal to the product of the
extremes.

10(x) = 3(30)
10x = 90
x=9

Example 8

The measures of two complementary angles are in the ratio 1:2. Find the measure of each
angle.

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

Solution:

Representation:

Let x = the measure one angle

90 –x = the measure of its complement

Proportion:

x 1
=
90  x 2

x : (90-x) = 1:2

1(90 –x) = 2(x)

90-x = 2x

-x –2x = - 90

-3x = - 90

x = 30 measure of one angle

90 – x = 60 measure of its complement

Example 9

The measure of two supplementary angles are in the ratio 2:3. Find the measure of each
angle.

Solution:

Representation:

Let x = the measure of one angle

180 – x = the measure of its supplement

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 Proportion:

x 2
=
180  x 3

x:(180-x) = 2:3

2(180-x) = 3(x)

360 – 2x = 3x

-2x –3x = -360

-5x = - 360

x = 72 the measure of one angle

180 – x = 108 the measure of its supplement

Example 10

In ABC below, mC = 90. The measures of  A and B are in the ratio 4:5. Find
the measures of  A and B.
B

C A
Solution:

Representation:

Let x = measure of  A

90-x = measure of B (Because, A and B are acute angles)

Proportion:

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 x:90-x = 4:5
4(90-x) = 5x
360-4x = 5x
-4x – 5x = -360
-9x = -360
x = 40 measure of A

90-x = 50 measure of B

Example 11

In the figure, ABD and CBD form a linear pair. If the measures of ABD and
CBD are in the ratio 7 to 3, what is the measure of CBD?

D ●

● ●
A B C

Solution:
Let x be the measure of CBD.

180-x be the measure of ABD

[Remember that if two angles form a linear pair they are supplementary]

Proportion:

m  ABD = 7
m  CBD 3

Substitute 180-x for m  ABD and x for m  CBD

180  x 7
=
x 3
(180-x):x = 7:3
7x = 3(180-x)
7x = 540 – 3x
7x + 3x = 540
10 x = 540
x = 54 measure of CBD.
180 – x = 126 measure of ABD.
PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9
Example 12

In the figure, EB  EH and ET is in

the interior of  BEH. If the
B● T●
measures of BET and HET
are in the ratio 1:5, what is
the measure of HET?

H
Solution:

Let x = measure of  BET

90-x = measure of  HET
[Remember that perpendicular rays form a right angle and
the measure of a right angle is 90.]
Proportion:

m BET = 1
mHET 5

Substitute x for mBET and 90-x for mHET

x 1
=
90  x 5

x : (90-x) =1:5
5x = 1(90 – x)
5x = 90 – x
5x + x = 90
x = 15 measure of BET
90-x = 75 measure of HET

A Augmentation

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

C Commitment

Study the example on how to determine indicated quantities from a given proportion, then solve
the items labeled as Your Task.
Example 1. If m : n = 4 : 3, find 3m – 2n : 3m + n
Solution
m 4 4n
 m
n 3 3
4n
Using m
3

 4n 
3   2n
3m  2n 3 4n  2n 2n 2
     
3m  n  4n  4 n  n 5n 5
3   n
 3 
Therefore, 3m – 2n : 3m + n = 2 : 5

y
Your Task: Find if 5y – 2s : 10 = 3y – s = 7
s

Example 2. If e and b represent two non-zero numbers, find the ratio e : b if 2e2 + eb – 3b2 = 0.
Solution
2e2 + eb – 3b2 = 0 2e = - 3b e=b

2e  3b e b
(2e + 3b) (e – b) = 0  
2b 2b b b
e 3 e 1
2e + 3b = 0 or  
b 2 b 1
PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9
 Hence, e : b = - 3 : 2 or 1 : 1

Your Task: Solve for the ratio u : v if u2 + 3uv – 10v2 = 0

Example 3. If r, s and t represent three positive numbers such that r : s : t = 4 : 3 : 2 and r2 – s2 – t2 =

27. Find the values of r, s and t.
Solution
r s t
Let    k, k  0
4 3 2
So, r = 4k; s = 3k; t = 2k

r2 – s2 – t2 = 27

(4k)2 – (3k)2 – (2k)2 = 27

16k2 – 9k2 – 4k2 = 27

16k2 – 13k2 = 27

3k2 = 27

3k 2 27

3 3
k2 = 9

k  3,3

Notice that we need to reject – 3 because r, s and t are positive numbers.

Therefore: r = 4k = 4(3) = 12

S = 3k = 3(3) = 9

t = 2k = 2(3) = 6

Your Task: If g : h = 4 : 3, evaluate 4g + h = 8g + h

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 q r s 5q  6 r  7 s
Example 4. If    , find x.
2 3 4 x
Solution
q r s 5q  6 r  7 s
Let    k
2 3 4 x
Then q = 2k, r = 3k, s = 4k, and 5q – 6r – 7s = kx

5(2k) – 6(3k) – 7(4k) = kx

10k – 18k – 28k = kx

36k = kx
x = - 36

e f g 5e  6 f  2 g
Your Task: Find the value of m if   
1 2 3 m

E Evaluation
What I Have Learned
Directions: Solve and select the letter that corresponds to the best answer from the
choices given below each item. Write the answer on your separate answer sheet.

1. Which of the following pairs of ratios are proportional?

7 3
A. and
12 12

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 4 12
B. and
7 21
1 3
C. and
5 10
6 66
D. and
11 111
4 8
2. Which property is shown in the proportion = , then (4)(10) = (5)(8)?
5 10
A. Cross-Product Property
B. Means of Extremes Switching Property
C. Upside-Down Property
D. Denominator Addition/Subtraction
3. A segment is 150 cm long is divided into 3 parts in the ratio 2:3:5. How long is each part?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
7. Eddy and Nanding start at two points 27 km apart and walk toward each other. If their rates
are as 4 is to 5, how many kilometers do each have to walk before they meet?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. The organizer of a Boy Scout Jamboree bought 468 meters of rope to be used in camping.
These are divided into 3 parts in the ratio 2:3:4. How long is each part?
A.
B.
C.
D.
9. When scaling a map, 3 cm represents 12 kilometers. How many kilometers does 30 cm
represent?
A. 108 km
B. 120 km
C. 144 km
D. 169 km
10. The dimensions of a rectangle has a ratio of 8:7. What are the length and width of the
rectangle if its perimeter is 112 cm?

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9

 A. 12 cm and 18 cm
B. 13 cm and 18 cm
C. 14 cm and 16 cm
D. 15 cm and 16 cm

Answer Key
16.

What I Have Learned

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

PEACE for Math 4B ORIENTAL MINDORO Math G9