DevOps Unit-2

DevOps Tutorial

The DevOps is the combination of two words, one is Development and other is Operations. It is a culture
to promote the development and operation process collectively.
The DevOps tutorial will help you to learn DevOps basics and provide depth knowledge of various DevOps
tools such as Git, Ansible, Docker, Puppet, Jenkins, Chef, Nagios, and Kubernetes.
What is DevOps?
The DevOps is a combination of two words, one is software Development, and second is Operations. This
allows a single team to handle the entire application lifecycle, from development to testing, deployment,
and operations. DevOps helps you to reduce the disconnection between software developers, quality
assurance (QA) engineers, and system administrators.

DevOps promotes collaboration between Development and Operations team to deploy code to production
faster in an automated & repeatable way.
DevOps helps to increase organization speed to deliver applications and services. It also allows
organizations to serve their customers better and compete more strongly in the market.
DevOps can also be defined as a sequence of development and IT operations with better communication
and collaboration.
DevOps has become one of the most valuable business disciplines for enterprises or organizations. With
the help of DevOps, quality, and speed of the application delivery has improved to a great extent.
DevOps is nothing but a practice or methodology of making "Developers" and "Operations" folks work
together. DevOps represents a change in the IT culture with a complete focus on rapid IT service delivery
through the adoption of agile practices in the context of a system-oriented approach.
DevOps is all about the integration of the operations and development process. Organizations that have
adopted DevOps noticed a 22% improvement in software quality and a 17% improvement in application
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deployment frequency and achieve a 22% hike in customer satisfaction. 19% of revenue hikes as a result
of the successful DevOps implementation.
Why DevOps?
Before going further, we need to understand why we need the DevOps over the other methods.
o The operation and development team worked in complete isolation.
o After the design-build, the testing and deployment are performed respectively. That's why they
consumed more time than actual build cycles.
o Without the use of DevOps, the team members are spending a large amount of time on designing,
testing, and deploying instead of building the project.
o Manual code deployment leads to human errors in production.
o Coding and operation teams have their separate timelines and are not in synch, causing further
delays.
DevOps History
o In 2009, the first conference named DevOpsdays was held in Ghent Belgium. Belgian consultant
and Patrick Debois founded the conference.
o In 2012, the state of DevOps report was launched and conceived by Alanna Brown at Puppet.
o In 2014, the annual State of DevOps report was published by Nicole Forsgren, Jez Humble, Gene
Kim, and others. They found DevOps adoption was accelerating in 2014 also.
o In 2015, Nicole Forsgren, Gene Kim, and Jez Humble founded DORA (DevOps Research and
Assignment).
o In 2017, Nicole Forsgren, Gene Kim, and Jez Humble published "Accelerate: Building and Scaling
High Performing Technology Organizations".
DevOps Architecture Features
Here are some key features of DevOps architecture, such as:

1) Automation
Automation can reduce time consumption, especially during the testing and deployment phase. The
productivity increases, and releases are made quicker by automation. This will lead in catching bugs quickly
so that it can be fixed easily. For contiguous delivery, each code is defined through automated tests, cloud-
based services, and builds. This promotes production using automated deploys.
2) Collaboration
The Development and Operations team collaborates as a DevOps team, which improves the cultural model
as the teams become more productive with their productivity, which strengthens accountability and
ownership. The teams share their responsibilities and work closely in sync, which in turn makes the
deployment to production faster.

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3) Integration
Applications need to be integrated with other components in the environment. The integration phase is
where the existing code is combined with new functionality and then tested. Continuous integration and
testing enable continuous development. The frequency in the releases and micro-services leads to
significant operational challenges. To overcome such problems, continuous integration and delivery are
implemented to deliver in a quicker, safer, and reliable manner.
4) Configuration management
It ensures the application to interact with only those resources that are concerned with the environment in
which it runs. The configuration files are not created where the external configuration to the application is
separated from the source code. The configuration file can be written during deployment, or they can be
loaded at the run time, depending on the environment in which it is running.
DevOps Advantages and Disadvantages
Here are some advantages and disadvantages that DevOps can have for business, such as:
Advantages
o DevOps is an excellent approach for quick development and deployment of applications.
o It responds faster to the market changes to improve business growth.
o DevOps escalate business profit by decreasing software delivery time and transportation costs.
o DevOps clears the descriptive process, which gives clarity on product development and delivery.
o It improves customer experience and satisfaction.
o DevOps simplifies collaboration and places all tools in the cloud for customers to access.
o DevOps means collective responsibility, which leads to better team engagement and productivity.
Disadvantages
o DevOps professional or expert's developers are less available.
o Developing with DevOps is so expensive.
o Adopting new DevOps technology into the industries is hard to manage in short time.
o Lack of DevOps knowledge can be a problem in the continuous integration of automation projects.

DevOps Architecture

Development and operations both play essential roles in order to deliver applications. The deployment
comprises analyzing the requirements, designing, developing, and testing of the software components or
frameworks.
The operation consists of the administrative processes, services, and support for the software. When both
the development and operations are combined with collaborating, then the DevOps architecture is the
solution to fix the gap between deployment and operation terms; therefore, delivery can be faster.
DevOps architecture is used for the applications hosted on the cloud platform and large distributed
applications. Agile Development is used in the DevOps architecture so that integration and delivery can be
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contiguous. When the development and operations team works separately from each other, then it is time-
consuming to design, test, and deploy. And if the terms are not in sync with each other, then it may cause
a delay in the delivery. So DevOps enables the teams to change their shortcomings and increases
productivity.
Below are the various components that are used in the DevOps architecture:
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1) Build
Without DevOps, the cost of the consumption of the resources was evaluated based on the pre-defined
individual usage with fixed hardware allocation. And with DevOps, the usage of cloud, sharing of resources
comes into the picture, and the build is dependent upon the user's need, which is a mechanism to control
the usage of resources or capacity.
2) Code
Many good practices such as Git enables the code to be used, which ensures writing the code for business,
helps to track changes, getting notified about the reason behind the difference in the actual and the expected
output, and if necessary reverting to the original code developed. The code can be appropriately arranged
in files, folders, etc. And they can be reused.
3) Test
The application will be ready for production after testing. In the case of manual testing, it consumes more
time in testing and moving the code to the output. The testing can be automated, which decreases the time
for testing so that the time to deploy the code to production can be reduced as automating the running of
the scripts will remove many manual steps.
4) Plan
DevOps use Agile methodology to plan the development. With the operations and development team in
sync, it helps in organizing the work to plan accordingly to increase productivity.
5) Monitor
Continuous monitoring is used to identify any risk of failure. Also, it helps in tracking the system accurately
so that the health of the application can be checked. The monitoring becomes more comfortable with
services where the log data may get monitored through many third-party tools such as Splunk.
6) Deploy
Many systems can support the scheduler for automated deployment. The cloud management platform
enables users to capture accurate insights and view the optimization scenario, analytics on trends by the
deployment of dashboards.
7) Operate
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DevOps changes the way traditional approach of developing and testing separately. The teams operate in a
collaborative way where both the teams actively participate throughout the service lifecycle. The operation
team interacts with developers, and they come up with a monitoring plan which serves the IT and business
requirements.
8) Release
Deployment to an environment can be done by automation. But when the deployment is made to the
production environment, it is done by manual triggering. Many processes involved in release management
commonly used to do the deployment in the production environment manually to lessen the impact on the
customers.

DevOps Lifecycle
DevOps Lifecycle is the set of phases that involves in DevOps for collaborating development
and operation team tasks for faster software delivery. DevOps follows certain processes that
include code, build, test, release, deploy, operate, monitor and plan. DevOps lifecycle follows
various phases such as continuous development, integration, testing, continuous monitoring,
and continuous feedback. Each phase of the DevOps lifecycle is associated with some tools and
technologies to achieve the process. Some of the commonly used tools are open source and are
implemented based upon the business requirements. As a result, DevOps lifecycle is easy to
manage, and it helps quality delivery.
DevOps defines an agile relationship between operations and Development. It is a process that is practiced
by the development team and operational engineers together from beginning to the final stage of the
product.

Learning DevOps is not complete without understanding the DevOps lifecycle phases. The DevOps
lifecycle includes seven phases as given below:
1) Continuous Development
This phase involves the planning and coding of the software. The vision of the project is decided during the
planning phase. And the developers begin developing the code for the application. After development, it
transfers to the next phase. As DevOps follows continuous development, it also works on the previous
application to make the changes according to the feedback and to meet the requirements.
There are no DevOps tools that are required for planning, but there are several tools for maintaining the
code.
2) Continuous Integration
After the continuous development, the continuous integration phase occurs where various tests are planned
that needs to be carried out in the next phase. It helps us to find out whether the developed application meets
the desired requirements or not.

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This stage is the heart of the entire DevOps lifecycle. It is a software development practice in which the
developers require to commit changes to the source code more frequently. This may be on a daily or weekly
basis. Then every commit is built, and this allows early detection of problems if they are present. Building
code is not only involved compilation, but it also includes unit testing, integration testing, code review,
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The code supporting new functionality is continuously integrated with the existing code. Therefore, there
is continuous development of software. The updated code needs to be integrated continuously and smoothly
with the systems to reflect changes to the end-users.

Jenkins is a popular tool used in this phase. Whenever there is a change in the Git repository, then Jenkins
fetches the updated code and prepares a build of that code, which is an executable file in the form of war
or jar. Then this build is forwarded to the test server or the production server.
3) Continuous Testing
This phase, where the developed software is continuously testing for bugs using automation tools . For
constant testing, automation testing tools such as TestNG, JUnit, Selenium, etc are used. These tools allow
QAs to test multiple code-bases thoroughly in parallel to ensure that there is no flaw in the functionality.
In this phase, Docker Containers can be used for simulating the test environment.

Selenium does the automation testing, and TestNG generates the reports. This entire testing phase can
automate with the help of a Continuous Integration tool called Jenkins.
Automation testing saves a lot of time and effort for executing the tests instead of doing this manually.
Apart from that, report generation is a big plus. The task of evaluating the test cases that failed in a test
suite gets simpler. Also, we can schedule the execution of the test cases at predefined times. After testing,
the code is continuously integrated with the existing code.
4) Continuous Monitoring
Monitoring is a phase that involves all the operational factors of the entire DevOps process, where important
information about the use of the software is recorded and carefully processed to find out trends and identify
problem areas. Usually, the monitoring is integrated within the operational capabilities of the software
application.

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It may occur in the form of documentation files or maybe produce large-scale data about the application
parameters when it is in a continuous use position. The system errors such as server not reachable, low
memory, etc are resolved in this phase. It maintains the security and availability of the service.

It is a crucial phase in the DevOps lifecycle where the use of applications or products has been monitored.
In this phase, the working of the application or product is being monitored and recorded carefully by using
tools such as Splunk, ELK Stack, Nagios, etc. After that, problem areas are identified. And if there are any
problems, then it will give to the development team to solve that problem and detect and fix the bugs. This
phase will focus on optimal performance and service uptime.
5) Continuous Feedback
The application development is consistently improved by analyzing the results from the operations of the
software. This is carried out by placing the critical phase of constant feedback between the operations and
the development of the next version of the current software application.
The continuity is the essential factor in the DevOps as it removes the unnecessary steps which are required
to take a software application from development, using it to find out its issues and then producing a better
version. It kills the efficiency that may be possible with the app and reduce the number of interested
customers.
This continuous feedback phase is very important in the DevOps lifecycle because it gives feedback on the
product or application earlier after the development and before the product has been delivered to the
customer. So it is easy to remove that errors and improve the efficiency of the product or the application. It
saves the time of the organization.
6) Continuous Deployment
In this phase, the code is deployed to the production servers. Also, it is essential to ensure that the code is
correctly used on all the servers.

The new code is deployed continuously, and configuration management tools play an essential role in
executing tasks frequently and quickly. Here are some popular tools which are used in this phase, such
as Chef, Puppet, Ansible, and SaltStack.
Containerization tools are also playing an essential role in the deployment phase. Vagrant and Docker are
popular tools that are used for this purpose. These tools help to produce consistency across development,
staging, testing, and production environment. They also help in scaling up and scaling down instances
softly.
Containerization tools help to maintain consistency across the environments where the application is tested,
developed, and deployed. There is no chance of errors or failure in the production environment as they
package and replicate the same dependencies and packages used in the testing, development, and staging
environment. It makes the application easy to run on different computers.
7) Continuous Operations
All DevOps operations are based on the continuity with complete automation of the release process and
allow the organization to accelerate the overall time to market continuingly.

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It is clear from the discussion that continuity is the critical factor in the DevOps in removing steps that often
distract the development, take it longer to detect issues and produce a better version of the product after
several months. With DevOps, we can make any software product more efficient and increase the overall
count of interested customers in your product.

DevOps Workflow
DevOps workflow provides a visual overview of the sequence in which input is provided. Also, it tells
about which one action is performed, and output is generated for an operations process.

DevOps workflow allows the ability to separate and arrange the jobs which are top requested by the users.
Also, it gives the ability to mirror their ideal process in the configuration jobs.

DevOps Principles
The main principles of DevOps are Continuous delivery, automation, and fast reaction to the feedback.
1. End to End Responsibility: DevOps team need to provide performance support until they become the
end of life. It enhances the responsibility and the quality of the products engineered.
2. Continuous Improvement: DevOps culture focuses on continuous improvement to minimize waste. It
continuously speeds up the growth of products or services offered.
3. Automate Everything: Automation is an essential principle of the DevOps process. This is for software
development and also for the entire infrastructure landscape.
4. Custom Centric Action: DevOps team must take customer-centric for that they should continuously
invest in products and services.
5. Monitor and test everything: The DevOps team needs to have robust monitoring and testing
procedures.
6. Work as one team: In the DevOps culture role of the designers, developers, and testers are already
defined. All they needed to do is work as one team with complete collaboration.
These principles are achieved through several DevOps practices, which include frequent deployments, QA
automation, continuous delivery, validating ideas as early as possible, and in-team collaboration.
DevOps Practices
Some identified DevOps practices are:
o Self-service configuration
o Continuous build
o Continuous integration
o Continuous delivery
o Incremental testing
o Automated provisioning

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o Automated release management

DevOps Automation
Automation is the crucial need for DevOps practices, and automate everything is the fundamental principle
of DevOps. Automation kick starts from the code generation on the developers machine, until the code is
pushed to the code and after that to monitor the application and system in the production.
Automating infrastructure set up and configurations, and software deployment is the key highlight of
DevOps practice. DevOps practice id is dependent on automation to make deliveries over a few hours and
make frequent deliveries across platforms.
Automation in DevOps boosts speed, consistency, higher accuracy, reliability, and increases the number of
deliveries. Automation in DevOps encapsulates everything right from the building, deploying, and
monitoring.
DevOps Automation Tools
In large DevOps team that maintain extensive massive IT infrastructure can be classified into six categories,
such as:
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o Infrastructure Automation
o Configuration Management
o Deployment Automation
o Performance Management
o Log management
o Monitoring
Below are few tools in each of these categories let see in brief, such as:
Infrastructure Automation
Amazon Web Services (AWS): Being a cloud service, you don't need to be physically present in the data
center, they are easy to scale on-demand, and there are no up-front hardware costs. It can be configured to
provide more servers based on traffic automatically.
Configuration Management
Chef: Chef is a handy DevOps tool for achieving speed, scale, and consistency. It can be used to ease out
of complex tasks and perform configuration management. With the help of this tool, the DevOps team can
avoid making changes across ten thousand servers. Rather, they need to make changes in one place, which
is automatically reflected in other servers.
Deployment Automation
Jenkins: It facilitates continuous integration and testing. It helps to integrate project changes more
efficiently by quickly finding issues as soon as built is deployed.
Performance Management
App Dynamic: It offers real-time performance monitoring. The data collected by this tool help developers
to debug when issues occur.
Log Management
Splunk: This DevOps tool solves issues such as storing, aggregating, and analyzing all logs in one place.
Monitoring
Nagios: It notified people when infrastructure and related service go down. Nagios is a tool for this purpose,
which helps the DevOps team to find and correct problems.

DevOps Engineers
DevOps Engineer is an IT professional who works with system operators, software developers, and other
production IT staff to administer code releases.
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DevOps engineer understands the software development lifecycle and various automation tools for
developing digital pipelines.
DevOps have hard as well as soft skills to communicate and collaborate with development, testing, and
operations teams.

DevOps engineers need to code occasionally from scratch, and they must have the basics of software
development languages.
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The DevOps engineer will work with development team staff to tackle the coding and scripting needed to
connect elements of code, like libraries or software development kits.
A bachelor's degree in computer science or related fields is generally required for DevOps engineers. Many
companies prefer those who have a master's degree and at least three to five years of work experience in
this field. HTTP, HTML, CSS, SSL, XML, Linux, Java, Amazon Web Services (AWS), NoSQL
technologies, DNS, and web app development.
DevOps Engineer Roles and Responsibilities
DevOps engineers work full time. They are responsible for the production and continuing maintenance of
a software application platform.
Below are some roles, responsibilities, and skills which are expected from DevOps engineers, such as:
o Manage projects effectively through an open standard based platform.
o Increases project visibility through traceability.
o Improve quality and reduce the development cost with collaboration.
o DevOps should have the soft skill of problem solver and a quick learner.
o Analyze, design, and evaluate automation scripts and systems.
o Able to perform system troubleshooting and problem-solving across the platform and application
domains.
o Ensuring the critical resolution of system issues by using the best cloud security solution services.
DevOps Engineers Salary
The DevOps Engineers salary estimates are based on two reports of salaries, wages, bonuses, and hourly
pay.
Here is a list of DevOps engineers salary according to the most recent DevOps engineer salary report, such
as:

Salary Area Experiences Company

₹4,20,000 A DevOps engineer in the Bengaluru area reported 0-year experience Private
making ₹4,20,000 per year.

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 ₹3,00,000 A DevOps engineer in the Bengaluru area reported 1-2 year experience Public
making ₹3,00,000 per year.

₹5,00,000 A DevOps engineer in the Hyderabad area 3-4 year experiences Public
reported making ₹5,00,000 per year.

₹3,00,000 A DevOps engineer in the Hyderabad area 3-4 year experience Private
reported making ₹3,00,000 per year.

₹6,00,000 An Azure DevOps engineer in the Chennai area 1-2 year experience Public
reported making ₹6,00,000 per year.

₹4,80,000 A DevOps engineer in the Pune area reported 3-4 year experience Public
making ₹4,80,000 per year.

₹11,06,561 A DevOps engineer in the New Delhi area reported 3-4 year experience Private
making ₹11,06,561 per year.

DevOps Pipeline
A pipeline in software engineering team is a set of automated processes which allows DevOps professionals
and developer to reliably and efficiently compile, build, and deploy their code to their production compute
platforms.
The most common components of a pipeline in DevOps are build automation or continuous integration,
test automation, and deployment automation.
A pipeline consists of a set of tools which are classified into the following categories such as:
o Source control
o Build tools
o Containerization
o Configuration management
o Monitoring
Continuous Integration Pipeline
Continuous integration (CI) is a practice in which developers can check their code into a version-controlled
repository several times per day. Automated build pipelines are triggered by these checks which allows fast
and easy to locate error detection.
Some significant benefits of CI are:
o Small changes are easy to integrate into large codebases.
o More comfortable for other team members to see what you have been working.
o Fewer integration issues allowing rapid code delivery.
o Bugs are identified early, making them easier to fix, resulting in less debugging work.
Continuous Delivery Pipeline
Continuous delivery (CD) is the process that allows operation engineers and developers to deliver bug fixes,
features, and configuration change into production reliably, quickly, and sustainably. Continuous delivery
offers the benefits of code delivery pipelines, which are carried out that can be performed on demand.
Some significant benefits of the CD are:
o Faster bug fixes and features delivery.
o CD allows the team to work on features and bug fixes in small batches, which means user feedback
received much quicker. It reduces the overall time and cost of the project.
DevOps Methodology
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We have a demonstrated methodology that takes an approach to cloud adoption. It accounts for all the
factors required for successful approval such as people, process, and technology, resulting in a focus on the
following critical consideration:
o The Teams: Mission or project and cloud management.
o Connectivity: Public, on-premise, and hybrid cloud network access.
o Automation: Infrastructure as code, scripting the orchestration and deployment of resources.
o On-boarding Process: How the project gets started in the cloud.
o Project Environment: TEST, DEV, PROD (identical deployment, testing, and production).
o Shared Services: Common capabilities provided by the enterprise.
o Naming Conventions: Vital aspect to track resource utilization and billing.
o Defining Standards Role across the Teams: Permissions to access resources by job function.
DevOps vs Agile
DevOps and Agile are the two software development methodologies with similar aims, getting the end-
product as quickly and efficiently as possible. While many organizations are hoping to employ these
practices, there is often some confusion between both methodologies.

What does each methodology enclose? Where do they overlap? Can they work together, or should we
choose one over the other?
Before move further, take a glance at DevOps and Agile.
What is DevOps?
The DevOps is a combination of two words, one is software Development, and second is Operations. This
allows a single team to handle the entire application lifecycle, from development to testing, deployment,
and operations. DevOps helps you to reduce the disconnection between software developers, quality
assurance (QA) engineers, and system administrators.
57.6M
1.1KDevOps promotes collaboration between Development and Operations team to deploy code to
production faster in an automated & repeatable way.
DevOps helps to increase organization speed to deliver applications and services. It also allows
organizations to serve their customers better and compete more strongly in the market.
DevOps can also be defined as a sequence of development and IT operations with better communication
and collaboration.
DevOps has become one of the most valuable business disciplines for enterprises or organizations. With
the help of DevOps, quality, and speed of the application delivery has improved to a great extent.
DevOps is nothing but a practice or methodology of making "Developers" and "Operations" folks work
together. DevOps represents a change in the IT culture with a complete focus on rapid IT service delivery
through the adoption of agile practices in the context of a system-oriented approach.
What is Agile?
The Agile involves continuous iteration of development and testing in the SDLC process. Both
development and testing activities are concurrent, unlike the waterfall model. This software development
method emphasizes on incremental, iterative, and evolutionary development.
It breaks the product into small pieces and integrates them for final testing. It can be implemented in many
ways, such as Kanban, XP, Scrum, etc.
The Agile software development focus on the four core values, such as:
o Working software over comprehensive documentation.
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o Responded to change over following a plan.
o Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
o Individual and team interaction over the process and tools.
Below are some essential differences between the DevOps and Agile:

Parameter DevOps Agile

Definition DevOps is a practice of bringing Agile refers to the continuous iterative

development and operation teams approach, which focuses on collaboration,
together. customer feedback, small, and rapid releases.

Purpose DevOps purpose is to manage end to end The agile purpose is to manage complex
engineering processes. projects.

Task It focuses on constant testing and It focuses on constant changes.

delivery.

Team size It has a large team size as it involves all It has a small team size. As smaller is the team,
the stack holders. the fewer people work on it so that they can
move faster.

Team skillset The DevOps divides and spreads the The Agile development emphasizes training
skill set between development and the all team members to have a wide variety of
operation team. similar and equal skills.

Implementati DevOps is focused on collaboration, so Agile can implement within a range of tactical
on it does not have any commonly accepted frameworks such as safe, scrum, and sprint.
framework.

Duration The ideal goal is to deliver the code to Agile development is managed in units of
production daily or every few hours. sprints. So this time is much less than a month
for each sprint.

Target areas End to End business solution and fast Software development.
delivery.

Feedback Feedback comes from the internal team. In Agile, feedback is coming from the
customer.

Shift left It supports both variations left and right. It supports only shift left.
principle

Focus DevOps focuses on operational and Agile focuses on functional and non-
business readiness. functional readiness.

Importance In DevOps, developing, testing, and Developing software is inherent to Agile.

implementation all are equally
important.

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 Quality DevOps contributes to creating better The Agile produces better applications suites
quality with automation and early bug with the desired requirements. It can quickly
removal. Developers need to follow adapt according to the changes made on time
Coding and best Architectural practices during the project life.
to maintain quality standards.

Tools Puppet, Chef, AWS, Ansible, and team Bugzilla, Kanboard, JIRA are some popular
City OpenStack are popular DevOps Agile tools.
tools.

Automation Automation is the primary goal of Agile does not emphasize on the automation.
DevOps. It works on the principle of
maximizing efficiency when deploying
software.

Communicati DevOps communication involves specs Scrum is the most common method of
on and design documents. It is essential for implementing Agile software development.
the operational team to fully understand Scrum meeting is carried out daily.
the software release and its network
implications for the enough running the
deployment process.

Documentati In the DevOps, the process The agile method gives priority to the working
on documentation is foremost because it system over complete documentation. It is
will send the software to an operational ideal when you are flexible and responsive.
team for deployment. Automation However, it can harm when you are trying to
minimizes the impact of insufficient turn things over to another team for
documentation. However, in the deployment.
development of sophisticated software,
it's difficult to transfer all the knowledge
required.

DevOps tech: Deployment automation

Note: Deployment automation is one of a set of capabilities that drive higher software delivery and
organizational performance. These capabilities were discovered by the DORA State of DevOps research
program, an independent, academically rigorous investigation into the practices and capabilities that drive
high performance. To learn more, read our DevOps resources.
Deployment automation is what enables you to deploy your software to testing and production
environments with the push of a button. Automation is essential to reduce the risk of production
deployments. It's also essential for providing fast feedback on the quality of your software by allowing
teams to do comprehensive testing as soon as possible after changes.
An automated deployment process has the following inputs:
 Packages created by the continuous integration (CI) process (these packages should be deployable
to any environment, including production).
 Scripts to configure the environment, deploy the packages, and perform a deployment test
(sometimes known as a smoke test).
 Environment-specific configuration information.

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We recommend that you store the scripts and configuration information in version control. Your
deployment process should download the packages from an artifact repository (for example, Artifact
Registry, Nexus, Artifactory, or your CI tool's built-in repository).
The scripts usually perform the following tasks:
1. Prepare the target environment, perhaps by installing and configuring any necessary software, or by
starting up a virtual host from a pre-prepared image in a cloud provider such as Google Cloud.
2. Deploy the packages.
3. Perform any deployment-related tasks such as running database migration scripts.
4. Perform any required configuration.
5. Perform a deployment test to make sure that any necessary external services are reachable, and that
the system is functioning.
How to implement deployment automation
When you design your automated deployment process, we recommend that you follow these best practices:
 Use the same deployment process for every environment, including production. This rule helps
ensure that you test the deployment process many times before you use it to deploy to production.
 Allow anyone with the necessary credentials to deploy any version of the artifact to any
environment on demand in a fully automated fashion. If you have to create a ticket and wait for
someone to prepare an environment, you don't have a fully automated deployment process.
 Use the same packages for every environment. This rule means that you should keep
environment-specific configuration separate from packages. That way, you know that the packages
you are deploying to production are the same ones that you tested.
 Make it possible to recreate the state of any environment from information stored in version
control. This rule helps ensure that deployments are repeatable, and that in the event of a disaster
recovery scenario, you can restore the state of production in a deterministic way.
Ideally, you have a tool that you can use autonomously to make deployments, that records which builds are
currently in each environment, and that records the output of the deployment process for audit purposes.
Many CI tools have such features.
Common pitfalls in deployment automation
When you automate your deployment process, you face the following pitfalls:
 Complexity of the existing process.
 Dependencies between services.
 Components that are not designed for automation.
 Poor collaboration between teams.
Complexity
The first pitfall is complexity. Automating a complex, fragile manual process produces a complex, fragile
automated process. You first need to re-architect for deployability. This means making the deployment
script as simple as possible and pushing the complexity into the application code and infrastructure
platform. Look for deployment failure modes and ask how you could avoid them by making your services,
components, infrastructure platform, and monitoring smarter. Cloud-native applications running on a
platform-as-a-service such as App Engine, Cloud Run, or Pivotal Cloud Foundry can typically be deployed
by running a single command, with no deployment scripting required at all: this is the ideal process.
There are two important properties of a reliable deployment process. First, the individual steps of the
deployment process should be, to the greatest extent possible, idempotent, so that you can repeat them as
many times as needed in the case of a failure. Second, they should be order independent, meaning that
components and services should not crash in an uncontrolled way if some other component or service they
are expecting is absent. Instead, the services should continue to operate in a degraded fashion until their
dependencies become available.
For new products and services, we recommend that you treat these principles as system requirements from
the beginning of the design phase. If you are retrofitting automation for an existing system, you might need
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to do some work either to implement these characteristics or to build in telemetry such that the deployment
process can detect inconsistent states and fail gracefully.
Dependencies
The second pitfall is that many deployment processes, particularly in enterprise environments, require
orchestration. In other words, you need to deploy multiple services together in a particular order, while you
perform other tasks such as database migrations in strict synchronization. Although many enterprise
deployment workflow tools exist to help with this situation, these tools are fundamentally band-aids over
an architectural problem: tight coupling between the various components and services. Over time, you must
address this tight coupling. The goal is that services should be independently deployable, with no
orchestration required.
This approach typically requires careful design to ensure that each service supports backward compatibility,
such that clients of the service don't require upgrading in lock-step, but can be upgraded independently at
a later date. Techniques such as API versioning can help with this. It's also important to ensure that services
can continue to operate (perhaps with some functionality unavailable) even if they are unable to connect to
other services that they depend on. This design is good for distributed systems, because it can help prevent
cascading failures. Michael Nygard's book "Release It!" describes a number of patterns to help with
designing distributed systems, including circuit breakers. You can even decouple database upgrades from
the services they depend on by using the parallel change pattern.
Not designed for automation
A third common pitfall is components that are not designed for automation. Any deployment process that
requires logging into a console and interacting manually by clicking around should be a target for
improvement. Today, most platforms (including Google Cloud) offer an API that your deployment script
can use. If that's not the case, you need to be creative to avoid such manual intervention, perhaps by finding
the tool's underlying configuration file or database and making changes to it directly, or by replacing it with
another tool that does have an API.
Poor collaboration between teams
The last pitfall occurs when developers and IT operations teams aren't in sync. This can happen in a few
ways. For example, developers might use one method to deploy and IT operations uses a different one. Or
in another example, if the environments are configured differently, you substantially increase the risk of
the deployment process being manually performed by IT operations, which introduces inconsistencies and
errors. The deployment automation process must be created by developers and IT operations working
together. This approach ensures that both teams can understand, maintain, and evolve deployment
automation.
Ways to improve deployment automation
The first step is to document the existing deployment process in a common tool that developers and
operations have access to, such as Google Docs or a wiki. Then work to incrementally simplify and
automate the deployment process. This approach typically includes the following tasks:
 Packaging code in ways suitable for deployment.
 Creating pre-configured virtual machine images or containers.
 Automating the deployment and configuration of middleware.
 Copying packages or files into the production environment.
 Restarting servers, applications, or services.
 Generating configuration files from templates.
 Running automated deployment tests to make sure the system is working and correctly configured.
 Running testing procedures.
 Scripting and automating database migrations.
Work to remove manual steps, implement idempotence and order independence wherever possible, and
leverage the capabilities of your infrastructure platform wherever possible. Remember: deployment
automation should be as simple as possible.
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Ways to measure deployment automation
Measuring deployment automation is straightforward.
 Count the number of manual steps in your deployment process. Work to reduce those steps
systematically. The number of manual steps increases the deployment time as well as the
opportunity for error.
 Measure the level (or percentage) of automation in your deployment pipeline. Work to increase
that level continually.
 Determine the time spent on delays in the deployment pipeline. As you work to reduce these
delays, understand where and why code stalls in your deployment pipeline.

DevOps Orchestration | Vital Step After Automation

Automation is a hot topic of discussion for the software development industry. Although it is known for
being a useful way to cut costs, improve efficiency, and limit errors, you may find yourself confused about
the upcoming steps and wonder what challenges your DevOps team is facing.
This article will explain how you can upgrade your automation and achieve the goal of digital
transformation.
What’s Restraining Your DevOps Teams?
Does a testing team using automation with suitable strategies and toolsets work efficiently? The answer is
yes and no.
The lack of connection between the development and operations teams occurs regularly. The development
team focuses on designing, building, and testing software codes, while the operations team has to ensure
the maintenance of IT infrastructure. Although both teams have equal responsibilities for software
deployment and support, siloed functions may affect the final result through minor errors, missing deadlines
risk, loss of priorities, and data ownership due to untidy procedures.
In short, adopting automation without having an orchestrated workflow will cause siloed functions among
DevOps teams.
DevOps Orchestration – Your Next Step after Automation
DevOps orchestration involves automating multiple processes to reduce issues leading to the
production date and shorten time to market. On the other hand, automation is used to perform tasks
or a series of actions that are repetitive.
DevOps orchestration is not simply putting separated tasks together, but it can do much more than that.
DevOps orchestration streamlines the entire workflow by centralizing all tools used across teams, along
with their data, to keep track of process and completion status throughout.
Besides, automation can be pretty complicated at scale, although normally it is focused on a specific
operation to achieve a goal, such as a server deployment. When automation has reached its limitations,
that’s when orchestration plays to its strengths.
Why Invest in DevOps Orchestration?
DevOps teams need an ultimate solution that helps them navigate across departments and pilot their tools
smartly. Therefore, it is essential to have a DevOps orchestration solution to merge multiple automated
elements from separate DevOps tools.
With DevOps orchestration, you can both deploy automation tools and engage under an overarching
umbrella designed to combine everything into a unified workflow.
Investing in DevOps Orchestration helps you:
1. Speed up the Automation Process
DevOps orchestration helps users deliver new builds into production quickly and seamlessly without
putting much effort into these repetitive tasks. As a result, DevOps teams can focus on other critical projects
and decision-making rather than building pipelines..
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2. Enhance Cross-Functional Collaboration
DevOps orchestration is a platform that constantly unifies and updates all activities to improve
communication between operation and development teams, so every member is in sync in all steps.
3. Release Products With Higher Quality
DevOps orchestration helps teams reduce software errors before reaching the end-user by controlling
approvals, scheduling, security testing, automatic status reports.
4. Lower Costs for IT Infrastructure and Human Resources
Another benefit of DevOps orchestration is cutting infrastructure investment costs and the number of IT
employees. In the long run, businesses can also expand their cloud service footprint and allocate costs
flexibly.
5. Build Transparency Across SDLC
Siloed tasks and information cause difficulty in creating clarity and openness throughout a project. DevOps
orchestration helps businesses coordinate all tasks, centralize all operations’ data, and allow key
stakeholders to gain visibility into new updates and progress during the development lifecycle.
6. Improve the Release Velocity
DevOps orchestration also requires considerable automation and the automated progression of software
through testing and releasing pipeline processes. As businesses can reduce the time of finishing manual
tasks and deliver the program to the upcoming step in the process, software reaches the end-user more
quickly, wait time is turned aside to the next project. For that reason, a higher level of automation helps
release products faster, save money and increase profits.
DevOps Orchestration in Practice
DevOps orchestration provides significant changes to the development and operations teams in no time,
both vertically and horizontally.
Orchestration in DevOps synchronizes teams through a centralized dashboard to avoid information silos
and boost connection and cross-team collaboration. Teams then can solve troubleshooting faster to have
robust decision-making, even in the toughest situations. The development team can now shift focus to
innovation by encapsulating runnable programs into separate parts for easier testing and faster upgrades.
Besides, DevOps orchestration also helps the operations team manage the IT infrastructure and scalability
through its predefined configurations and serverless monitoring system.
What’s Next?
Knowing DevOps team struggles like the palm of our hands, we have developed an ultimate solution for
you: Katalon TestOps – an open and comprehensive orchestration platform that gives testing and DevOps
teams full visibility of their tests, resources, and environments; and orchestration tools to manage tests and
quality insights.
TestOps levels up your automation game through:
 Test automation and DevOps enablement
TestOps manages the entire process from test generation, management, planning, execution to reporting,
ensuring consistency and accuracy for your builds
 Open platforms with codeless setup
TestOps simplifies the complex configurations for your convenience through its seamless integration with
common testing frameworks you love
 Orchestrate tests and DevOps efficiently
TestOps helps planning with Smart Scheduling to quickly expand your execution processes, enhance test
coverage, and shorten the delivery cycle
 Build quality insights into your CI/CD pipeline
TestOps provides insightful reports for quality, coverage analysis, test flakiness, and dashboards to report
on the metrics that are most important to your business

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 Advantages of DevOps
The practices that automate the processes between software development and IT support so that they can
develop, release and test the software successfully is called DevOps. Hence DevOps is basically a
collaboration between teams. As a result, the quality of the software is improved, and it is delivered
continuously. There are different tools for DevOps, such as code development, building, testing, and
packaging, releasing, configuring, and monitoring the codes. Continuous integration and continuous
delivery is part of DevOps, and hence agile serves as complimentary for DevOps as CI/CD was originated
in the agile world. DevOps has focused on the working of the developed software. In this article, we will
look at the different advantages of DevOps.
Top 14 Advantages of DevOps
The advantages of DevOps are as follows:
1. Faster Delivery
The entire team is responsible for delivering new features as well as the stability of old software. This helps
to expose the problem in the earlier stage of development. Resolution times are faster because the
development team doesn’t need to wait for other teams for troubleshooting and testing. By focusing on
business needs first, projects get finished first which helps to move into a production environment. DevOps
methodology helps to respond to market demands faster.
2. Stable Operating Environment
To maintain a stable environment, Infrastructure as a code (IaC) can be used. Server configuration is stored
in the source code repository with the application source. Automation tools will take the configuration and
apply each task to the desired system. These tools automate any task virtually and are easy to learn.
3. Improved Effectiveness
Automated deployments and standardized production environments are the key aspects of DevOps models.
This makes deployments predictable and people are escaped from the mundane task of routine repetitive
tasks. People can be more productive and this, in turn, improves the work environment. When people spent
time adding value to the organization, it benefits the organization.
4. Collaboration between Teams
Effective decision making improves transparency which thereby helps in the collaboration of teams.
Development teams should collaborate between teams to break down the barriers between different teams
and should communicate round the clock environment. This helps to improve business agility which paves
the way for mutual collaboration, communication, and integration across the global IT environment. This
makes all team members responsible for the quality and time-bound delivery of the product.
5. Defects Correction
When the teams collaborate with each other, it helps in easy detection of defects since the testing team is
not separated and tasks are not divided for them. When the defects are detected, it is easy to correct it fast
and do the operations meticulously. This helps in providing the best services to the customers.
6. Digital Transformation
Every industry should digitally transform by the way they operate. Innovations in technology help to deliver
digital services and to improve customer experience. DevOps helps to deliver the software required with
quality and speed. Hence DevOps is the base element for digital transformation.
7. Enabling Business
DevOps has helped some large cloud-based companies to redefine their supply chain to improve their
business performance with respect to speed. It helped to reduce the cost by continuous improvement and
innovation of business strategy. It helps in better collaboration, automation and process improvement which
deliver results based on business needs. This makes IT a strategic partner.
8. Business Agility
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Adopting DevOps in the business allow digital businesses to go to market, helps to show new features to
customers. Also, it lowers the time business takes to respond to failures. As the business changes rapidly,
companies are not able to predict where the business is heading. Agility and modularity helps in predicting
the business via DevOps.
9. Visibility to Run Modern Applications
More demands are placed on the development team by driving faster delivery of software. One way to get
into the market faster is by using centralized log management and real time machine analytics to enable
real time application and business insights. This helps organizations derive value faster and transform their
business.
10. Innovation
DevOps help organization to deliver quality software and to address customer needs for the same.
Organization need to remove obstacles of developers to make the product into the market. DevOps helps
the organization in all these aspects. In DevOps, IT’s role is not a business cost center but that leads
innovation to business. DevOps allow IT teams to collaborate and produce services or products to customers
with quality faster, get feedback from users, and make necessary changes to the product upright. This helps
the product to improve well. Thus we can call DevOps is lean in itself. Agile organizations collaborate
across different companies more effectively and more collaboration leads to better ideas.
11. Continuous Delivery
DevOps is more often recognized through continuous delivery practices. All the processes are automated
and hence the software is always in a release-ready state. Adopting DevOps through various technologies
helps the business to focus on new technologies. This helps to ensure that always the product is first in the
market defect-free and readily available to the customers.
12. Quality
When an organization has adopted DevOps, everyone is accountable for building and running the
application as expected by the customer. The team shares the same goals such as performance, user
experience, stability and time to market. DevOps makes sure everyone knows the change and everything is
monitored and each team member understands how each change impacts quality.
13. Reduced Risk of Change
Change can’t be avoided today in order to deliver the speed and agility expected from today’s business.
DevOps and automation should run as a single integrated end-to-end process to minimize the risk of new
changes. This helps to embrace the change in IT. DevOps is frequently viewed as speed but like in racing,
higher speed should come with greater safety.
14. Optimizing the Processes
DevOps helps in boosting the confidence of teams by replacing the traditional processes. DevOps helps the
organization stay one step ahead of today and focus in the competition.
Conclusion
The advantages of DevOps can’t be concluded within this article. Team empowerment and streamlining
the process are also important advantages of DevOps. Through automation, it helps in improving the
productivity and defect-free products in the market. In simple words, applying lean in IT can be called
DevOps.
Real-life Applications of DevOps
1. Application of DevOps in the Online Financial Trading Company
The methodology in the process of testing, building, and development was automated in the financial
trading company. Using the DevOps, deployment was being done within 45 seconds. These deployments
used to take long nights and weekends for the employees. The time of the overall process reduced and the
interest of clients increased.
2. Use of DevOps in Network cycling
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Deployment, testing and rapid designing became ten times faster. It became effortless for the telco service
provider to add patches of security every day, which used to be done only every three months. Through
deployment and design, the new version of network cycling was being rolled out.
3. Application in Car Manufacturing Industries
Using DevOps, employees helped car manufacturers to catch the error while scaling the production, which
was not possible before.
4. Benefits to Airlines Industries
With the benefit of DevOps, United Airlines saved $500,000 by changing to continuous testing standards.
It also increased its coverage of code by 85%.
5. Application to GM Financial
Regression testing time was reduced by 93%, which in turn reduced the funding period of load by five
times.
6. Bug Reduction Benefit of DevOps
DevOps has reduced the bugs by up to 35% and in many cases of pre-production bugs up to 40%. By using
DevOps, Rabobank was able to provide better quality applications for their clients within less time because
it massively reduced the time taken for regression testing.
7. Less Time for Integration
Key Bank used DevOps to reduce the time taken for the integration of security and compliance into the
process from 3 months to 1 week.
8. Decreased Computation Cost and Operation Time
By the use of DevOps, Computation time has been dramatically reduced. In many cases, it has reduced the
computing time from up to 60%. When the time taken to complete a task is decreased, then the cost involved
the process also decreases.
9. Faster Development of Software
The DevOps helps in the faster delivery of apps because it ensures speedier delivery.
10. Improvement in Team Collaboration
Transparency is required for better decision-making and works better efficiency of resources. By using
DevOps, teams can be more transparent in their work of developing applications and software. There are
many big tasks of a project which are broken down into many small tasks that are allotted to different teams
or people in the organisation.
11. Reliable Environments for Operations
DevOps provide a better environment that is more stable for the team to work together. The people in the
group can rely on the environment for all kinds of operations and tasks.
12. Early Defects Detection
In the environment of DevOps, the error and the defects can be known at a very first stage. DevOps helps
in the fast detection of defects.
13. Faster Correction
With the help of DevOps, All the defects are detected very early. Because of this, mistakes can be corrected
very fast. There is a lot of time which gets saved in this kind of DevOps environment because the work is
very fast, so the correction work is also completed very fast.
14. Continuous Operation of Monitoring, Testing, Deployment, and Release
There is a massive demand for software professionals to keep on delivering high-quality applications and
software. DevOps Developer salary is ever increasing in India. A software development team is expected
to develop the software application within a shorter time period which can be launched into the market.
The team of software is required to adopt a shorter release cycle.

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All of the requirements of delivering high-quality software, developing software applications in less time
frame. Also, a minimum period to launch the software applications and short release cycles can only be
fulfilled by the use of DevOps.
15. Increased Focus on Operations
When less time is taken for the tasks and operation with the help of DevOps, It allows one person to focus
more on the quality of activities and functions. There is more time for one to give his quality work because
now there is DevOps minimize more time to focus as all the time for other services.
16. Automation Testing integration into DevOps
When the framework of automated testing is integrated into the DevOps, It helps to save a lot of money
and time, which then increases the available time and quality of the work.
The DevOps philosophy
The main philosophy of DevOps is Automation. If there is no automation in the process and operations,
then it cannot be included in the DevOps. Many methods were used to be carried out manually, but now all
these are automated, which are:
1. Transitions
2. Upgrades
3. Maintenance
4. Support to the applications
5. Support for the development infrastructure
6. Validation of Data Generated from the software app
7. Validation about the use of the software app
8. Testing of Data Generated from the software app
9. Testing the usage of the apps
10. Deployment of Software
11. Configuration of Software
12. Set up of Software
13. Protection of Data and Information
14. Giving security for the operations with Data
15. Configuration of Networks
16. Creation of infrastructure for production
17. Creation of testing infrastructure
18. Creation of Development Infrastructure
Every time, when there was any work of development, then it had to be created from scratch. It was a very
lengthy and tedious process because it included all the procedures again, which are mentioned above in the
list.
But in the environment of DevOps, these all processes are automated. The assurance of quality is increased,
testing time is decreased, and the frequency of release and upgrades has increased.
In the approach of DevOps, all these processes mentioned above are not done manually and should be done
on automation. If the procedures are not done on automation, then it can affect the desired result in DevOps.
Advantages of DevOps Applications
1. Maximum Utilization of Investment
When someone invests their money in Data Management, Analytics, and Cloud Infrastructure, he can be
assured that it will not be wasted. With the help of DevOps, one can believe that all the money invested in
all these Data management, Data analytics, and cloud infrastructure will be beneficial.
2. Higher Success Rate for Transformation Projects and Digitalization Strategies
When the strategies are implemented to digitalize, they get a very high rate of success with the use of
DevOps. With the help of DevOps, The price of success is also very high for projects of transformation.

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3. Improvement in the Reusability, Reliability, and Quality of all the Components of the
System
By using DevOps, one can maximize the utilization of its resources, such as the components of the system.
All the system components will have a high rate of reusability. The system components also become more
reliable, and the quality of system components will also get increased.
4. Creation of Standard Process for Faster Delivery and Easy Replication
For a systematic and organized process, DevOps is used to create a standard for processes of replication
and delivery. When the process is standardized, it becomes straightforward to complete the process and
thus saving more time and increasing efficiency.
5. Elimination of Unnecessary Capital Expenditure
By the use of DevOps, one can identify the expenditure which is unnecessary for the organization and is
giving less to no benefit to the company. Those kinds of capital expenditure which are unnecessary should
be eliminated, and DevOps helps in that. It helps the organization to save more money which can be
invested in more necessary capital expenditure.
6. Upgrades and Maintenance Cost Saving
DevOps works on the principle of automation, and it makes a lot of processes on automation. When the
procedures are done on automation, it can save more time and money. The upgrade and maintenance
process is also done on automation in DevOps. The company saves massive cash on maintenance and
upgrade due to the automated process of upgrade and maintenance.

7. Increased IT and Business Teams Productivity

The productivity of the teams in IT and Business are increased when DevOps is used. The team is now able
to deliver more within a shorter period of time. When less time is taken to deliver more, then more quality
goes into the process. With better productivity of the team, the organization gains lots of benefits in the
short term and long term.
8. High Reduction in the Time of Implementation
Whenever any new service is implemented, it takes a lot of time, such as many months to achieve. But with
the use of DevOps, it reduces the time taken for the implementation, and it takes only minutes to perform
the new service. The time taken from months to minutes in the application is a significant advantage of
DevOps.
Conclusion
In today’s world, DevOps has become one of the most valuable and practical asses for the company because
of its wide range of benefits that are measurable and real in implementation. Every organization needs
DevOps for faster implementation, faster testing to save more money and time.

DevOps Pipeline
Definitions of DevOps Pipeline
DevOps Pipeline is a pipeline that includes stages in the form of phases. Each stage includes manual things
to be automated following continuous integration and development rules. The main and the most beautiful
feature of a DevOps pipeline is that it provides an environment for the developer as well as a tester and the
automation team to streamline the complex process of development and deployment as it is structured in a
way where provisioning of different stages of DevOps lifecycle (development, testing, integration, quality
assurance, staging, deployment, and production) is fulfilled.
Why do We Need DevOps Pipeline?
DevOps is considered a process of mitigating the gap between developers and the operational team,
extending the agile method, or automating the complete end-to-end flow of anyone process, but that does
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not signify that an overall DevOps have been achieved. Many other factors influence the entire DevOps
lifecycle. In a real sense, the DevOps pipeline creates an environment for the developers and the testers to
make them experience the software-defined life cycle stages in actuality. Automation is the utmost
important factor in the software world but without any compromise with the quality of the product, which
indeed is taken care of by the DevOps Pipeline. Thus, it is very much needed to design a good pipeline and
follow the phases of staging in the DevOps Pipeline.
Components of DevOps Pipeline
Every organization will have different requirements, depending on the components if we consider a DevOps
pipeline. Of course, there are many components, but the focus mainly revolves around a few mandate
components without which to achieve a complete quality product with less time and quality will take time.
Below listed are a few mandate components of a DevOps Pipeline:

 Continuous Development (Continuous Coding)

 Automation with Quality testing
 Continuous Integration
 Continuous Deployment
 Continuous Monitoring
1. Continuous Development
It involves people from the entire organization. Whether it is the dev or ops team, both have the equal
responsibility to ensure that the coding environment is proper as it will be moved ahead for production.
Otherwise, if the code’s functionality breaks in between or is not satisfying, the entire process of
incorporating DevOps with hope will become useless. The goal is to maintain a quality code using version
control or any good artifact to maintain the codebase.
2. Automation with Quality Testing
Testing is the next crucial phase not only in terms of conventional software life cycle practices but also in
terms of the DevOps lifecycle. Automation is incorporated with testing to encounter more bugs and provide
developers the insight to provide quality code using automation that consumes less time and makes the
process of mutual interplay between the developers and testers easy.
3. Continuous Integration
Automation testing is performed when a developer provides a codebase to the tester; continuous integration
of the codebase after each phase of release and development also plays an important role. Only then will
this satisfy another crucial phase of the DevOps lifecycle.
4. Continuous Deployment
Any DevOps lifecycle is incomplete without this phase or stage being introduced in the pipeline as a
component because this will not only include phases with something in the form of containers or clusters
having the main application, but this application, once deployed, will go into production for end customers
with releases being made incrementally.

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5. Continuous Monitoring
At last, a phase or stage is an inevitable component of a DevOps Pipeline and a DevOps lifecycle. Many
monitoring tools have been used, but then again, it depends on the requirement of the project, whether they
are needed or not, because before going into the production environment, a constant check has been made
in these phases on whether to deliver the product and whether every functionality of the application or
product development is working as desired.
6. Working on DevOps Pipeline
All the components mentioned above of a DevOps pipeline play a pivotal role. It will take care of the entire
end-to-end application development flow to application deployment with continuous integration and
monitoring as its other important feature. But then again, it depends and varies according to the
organizational requirements. If we take coding as the main requirement, i.e., to provide a coding
environment, then the DevOps Pipeline will be staged in this fashion:
 Code Commit or Code Pull: codebase is also maintained using an artifact and versioned. Example:
git, SVN.
 Continuous Testing: A test-driven environment is created for the developer before it Is moved to
the tester. Then, using SonarQube, a dynamic form of testing with the suggestion is provided to the
developer.
 Continuous integration: Continuous integration Is performed once testing is done with Jenkins.
 Continuous deployment: the application, once containerized, is ready to be deployed, which is
done using many containerization technologies, namely Docker and Kubernetes.
 Continuous Monitoring: A complete and constant check on the application using a tool like
Nagios, AWS, etc.
7. DevOps Pipeline Tool
Every stage of the DevOps Pipeline requires a tool, but again, it is necessary to keep clarity in mind the
requirement for application development. DevOps, it’s not just a mere play of tools; it is a methodology to
optimize the overall end-to-end process and streamline the method from development to deployment. The
tools can be enlisted as below:
 SVN, Git, Bitbucket: To be used as version control for maintaining codebase.
 SonarQube: Static Tool Analysis
 Jenkins: continuous integration and testing
 Allure and TestNG: for test generating report
 Docker and Kubernetes: For containerization and deployment
 Continuous Monitoring: AWS and Nagios etc.
Advantages of DevOps Pipeline
 Bridges the gap and dependency between the teams.
 Time optimization with a trigger of a single application pipeline.
 Can achieve full optimization using a customized DevOps pipeline.
 Ensures quality code and product deliverance to end-user, thus providing customer satisfaction.
Continuous Operations
Having a comprehensive continuous operations strategy helps maintain maximum availability of apps and
environments. The goal is for users to be unaware that of constantly releasing code updates, bug fixes, and
patches. A continuous operations strategy can help prevent downtime and availability issues during code
release.
To reap the benefits of continuous operations, you need to have a robust automation and
orchestration architecture that can handle continuous performance monitoring of servers, databases,
containers, networks, services, and applications.
Phases of DevOps Pipeline
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There are no fixed rules as to how you should structure the pipeline. DevOps teams add and remove certain
stages depending on their specific workflows. Still, four core stages make up almost every
pipeline: develop, build, test, and deploy.

That set-up can be extended by adding two more stages - plan and monitor - since they are also quite
common in professional DevOps environments.
Plan
The planning stage involves planning out the entire workflow before developers start coding. In this stage,
product managers and project managers play an essential role. It's their job to create a development roadmap
that will guide the whole team along the process.
After gathering feedback and relevant information from users and stakeholders, the work is broken down
into a list of tasks. By segmenting the project into smaller, manageable chunks, teams can deliver results
faster, resolve issues on the spot, and adapt to sudden changes easier.
In a DevOps environment, teams work in sprints - a shorter period of time (usually two weeks long) during
which individual team members work on their assigned tasks.
Develop
In the Develop stage, developers start coding. Depending on the programming language, developers install
on their local machines appropriate IDEs (Python IDEs, Java IDEs, etc), code editors, and other
technologies for achieving maximum productivity.
In most cases, developers have to follow certain coding styles and standards to ensure a uniform coding
pattern. This makes it easier for any team member to read and understand the code.
When developers are ready to submit their code, they make a pull request to the shared source code
repository. Team members can then manually review the newly submitted code and merge it with the master
branch by approving the initial pull request.
Build
The build phase of a DevOps pipeline is crucial because it allows developers to detect errors in the code
before they make their way down the pipeline and cause a major disaster.
After the newly written code has been merged with the shared repository, developers run a series of
automated tests. In a typical scenario, the pull request initiates an automated process that compiles the code
into a build - a deployable package or an executable.
Keep in mind that some programming languages don't need to be compiled. For example, applications
written in Java and C need to be compiled to run, while those written in PHP and Python do not.
If there is a problem with the code, the build fails, and the developer is notified of the issues. If that happens,
the initial pull request also fails.
Developers repeat this process every time they submit to the shared repository to ensure only error-free
code continues down the pipeline.
Test
If the build is successful, it moves to the testing phase. There, developers run manual and automated tests
to validate the integrity of the code further.
In most cases, a User Acceptance Test is performed. People interact with the app as the end-user to
determine if the code requires additional changes before sending it to production. At this stage, it's
also common to perform security, performance, and load testing.
Deploy
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When the build reaches the Deploy stage, the software is ready to be pushed to production. An automated
deployment method is used if the code only needs minor changes. However, if the application has gone
through a major overhaul, the build is first deployed to a production-like environment to monitor how the
newly added code will behave.
Implementing a blue-green deployment strategy is also common when releasing significant updates.
A blue-green deployment means having two identical production environments where one environment
hosts the current application while the other hosts the updated version. To release the changes to the end-
user, developers can simply forward all requests to the appropriate servers. If there are problems, developers
can simply revert to the previous production environment without causing service disruptions.
Monitor
At this final stage in the DevOps pipeline, operations teams are hard at work continuously monitoring the
infrastructure, systems, and applications to make sure everything is running smoothly. They collect valuable
data from logs, analytics, and monitoring systems as well as feedback from users to uncover any
performance issues.
Feedback gathered at the Monitor stage is used to improve the overall efficiency of the DevOps pipeline.
It's good practice to tweak the pipeline after each release cycle to eliminate potential bottlenecks or other
issues that might hinder productivity.
How to Create a DevOps Pipeline
Now that you have a better understanding of what a DevOps pipeline is and how it works let's explore the
steps required when creating a CI/CD pipeline.
Set Up a Source Control Environment
Before you and the team start building and deploying code, decide where to store the source
code. GitHub is by far the most popular code-hosting website. GitLab and BitBucket are powerful
alternatives.
To start using GitHub, open a free account, and create a shared repository. To push code to GitHub,
first install Git on the local machine. Once you finish writing the code, push it to the shared source code
repository. If multiple developers are working on the same project, other team members usually manually
review the new code before merging it with the master branch.
If you are new to Git, check out our Git Commands List article with a free downloadable Cheat Sheet.
Set Up a Build Server
Once the code is on GitHub, the next step is to test it. Running tests against the code helps prevent errors,
bugs, or typos from being deployed to users.
Numerous tests can determine if the code is production-ready. Deciding which analyses to run depends on
the scope of the project and the programming languages used to run the app.
Two of the most popular solutions for creating builds are Jenkins and Travis-CI. Jenkins is completely
free and open-source, while Travis-CI is a hosted solution that is also free but only for open-source projects.
To start running tests, install Jenkins on a server and connect it to the GitHub repository. You can then
configure Jenkins to run every time changes are made to the code in the shared repository. It compiles the
code and creates a build. During the build process, Jenkins automatically alerts if it encounters any issues.
Run Automated Tests
There are numerous tests, but the most common are unit tests, integration tests, and functional tests.
Depending on the development environment, it's best to arrange automated tests to run one after the other.
Usually, you want to run the shortest tests at the beginning of the testing process.
For example, you would run unit tests before functional tests since they usually take more time to complete.
If the build passes the testing phase with flying colors, you can deploy the code to production or a
production-like environment for further evaluation.
Deploy to Production

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Before deploying the code to production, first set up the server infrastructure. For instance, for deploying a
web app, you need to install a web server like Apache. Assuming the app will be running in the cloud, you'll
most likely deploy it to a virtual machine.
For apps that require the full processing potential of the physical hardware, you can deploy to dedicated
servers or bare metal cloud servers.
There are two ways to deploy an app - manually or automatically. At first, it is best to deploy code
manually to get a feel for the deployment process. Later, automation can speed up the process, but only if
you are confident, there are barriers that will stop bad code from ending up in production.
Releasing code to production is a straightforward process. The easiest way to deploy is by configuring the
build server to execute a script that automatically releases the code to production.
Conclusion
DevOps itself is a topic still taking pace with the market scenario. Many organizations cannot accept or
welcome this methodology wholeheartedly. Still, it is becoming tough for every developer to slowly
mitigate and fill the gap between the development and operational team. DevOps Pipeline has enhanced
the overall DevOps lifecycle.

The DevOps Tooling Ecosystem

DevOps is currently the most popular methodology for developing enterprise scale software systems.
It is essentially an agile methodology that emphasizes communication, collaboration and integration
between software developers and personnel involved in operations such as IT administration. DevOps
was motivated by the need to address the implications of the well-known interdependence between
software development and IT operations. DevOps is already helping organizations to rapidly produce
software products and services.
Automation in developing, testing and deployment tasks is at the heart of DevOps. Organizations
employing DevOps deploy software up to as much as thirty times more frequently than other
enterprises, while having much shorter lead times. Hence, all organizations that employ DevOps make
use of a rich set of tools that automate DevOps activities across the entire lifecycle of DevOps processes,
including planning, coding, builds, testing, deployment, operations, as well as monitoring and control.
These tools enable organizations to implement lean management and continuous delivery practices
across the entire DevOps lifecycle. As a result, it’s important that DevOps developers understand, learn
and leverage the ecosystem of DevOps tools.
Planning and Coding Tools for DevOps
DevOps planning and coding tools facilitate developers in organizing their development tasks, as well
as in structuring their code in proper repositories that are accessible by other members of the DevOps
teams. Prominent examples of such DevOps tools, include:
DevOps or something else.
Let's help you with your IT project.
Git, which provides the means for tracking changes in source code. It’s a fully distributed systems that
keeps track of different software versions. As such it is also used for coordinating the activities of a team
of developers. Git’s popularity stems from the fact that it is fast, while ensuring data integrity and supporting
distributed, non-linear workflows of the software development team.
This is a web-based hosting server and for the version, discipline applying GitHub. We can also
say that GitHub is a content tracker. And it is also used to store the content but mostly in the code
because of her features.
Key Features:
 GitHub has SSL security.
 It also has a third-party integration.
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  GitHub will keep your public and private code available, protected.
 There are around 6 million Gits-hosted repositories.
 We can use the drag and drop option in that code that is immediately copied and pasted which save
a lot of time.
 Git is widely used in the software industry and is a popular DevOps tool. The open-source
contributors love this source code management tool. You could keep track of your work using Git
and find any version necessary. The creation of branches and the merging of features are some of
the other features of Git. For people to push their work, repositories need to be hosted, which would
allow Git’s integration with the workflow. GitHub and Bitbucket are two of the most common
services right now.
Jira, is widely used for tracking issues in software projects and software product development It allows
tracking of bugs, assignment of tasks to developers, end-to-end tracking of the status of tasks and use cases.
As such it is an excellent tool for agile project management in the scope of a DevOps project.
Jira Software in DevOps Automation Tool

Category: Planning Tools

Jira is a very popular software that is used across the project teams where the Agile process is followed. It
provides a great interface for planning and tracking modules for a project. It is developed by Atlassian (An
Australian Company). In a nutshell, this software can be used for project management, issue tracking, and
closure and also can be used for bug tracking. It is also a platform-independent tool that can be utilized on
various platforms such as Windows, Linux, Mac, etc.
Features and Advantages:
 Any agile team can use it for creating issues, for the planning of sprints and for the distribution of
tasks.
 It is platform-independent, so it can use on various platforms.
 The overall performance of the team visualized under one screen.
 Real-time data is available along with the visuals and reporting.
 Work can prioritize.
 It is possible to integrate JIRA software with a number of tools such as Team foundation software,
GIT, Concurrent version system, etc.
 Jira provides the plug-ins support where you can install a huge number of plug-ins for managing
your product
Subversion, is an open source software versioning system offered with an Apache license. It provides
revision control functionalities and enables developers and other DevOps stakeholders to maintain and track
versions of source code files, web pages and documentation (e.g., readme files, swagger APIs, Javadoc
documentation).
Build Tools
DevOps automates the build process as a means of incorporating and deploying changes to the software
codebase. Revised versions of the code can be built with just one click, which boosts agility in software
development and deployment. Prominent build tools in the DevOps ecosystem include:
Maven, which is a build automation tool that is very popular among Java software developers. It
provides the means for creating and configuring build plans, including the dependencies between the
different modules of a software project. Prior to Maven, the Java community was extensively using the Ant
build automation tool.
Gradle, is an another open-source build automation platform that leverages concepts introduced in Ant
and Maven. It is based on its own Groovy-based language for describing project configurations and

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dependencies between different modules. This differentiates it from Maven that uses an XML-based
configuration language.
 A reliable build tool is needed for your DevOps tool stack. Until 2009, when Gradle showed up, Ant
and Maven were the pioneers of the automated build tools. The versatility of Gradle allows you to
write code in any language such as Java, Python, C++, and so on. Eclipse, NetBeans, and other
IDE’s also support Gradle. A Groovy-based DSL instead of XML is used by Gradle to describe the
build tools. Scripts would also be written in Kotlin. The Maven’s repository format is used by
Gradle, which includes the familiarity with dependency management. It has decent compile-time
and incremental builds. Gradle is faster than Maven by hundred times because of cache and daemon.
Shipping is faster in Gradle as well.
Docker

Category – Containerization Clustering/Orchestration Tools in DevOps Automation Tool

Docker is a software containerization platform where we can run many applications under one server
without impacting each other. The containers are made isolated from each other and hence the impact is
eliminated. When we say container, we can assume it to be a kind of hardware set up separately for each of
the application that is running on docker.
Features and Advantages:
 Rapid development – The docker greatly reduces the deployment time to just seconds.
 More security – Since it has the container that is separated from each other, it provides strong
security.
 Assembling applications are easy.
 Simple configuration.
 Optimization of resources and provides high availability.
Disadvantages:
 Not all applications are able to run on Docker.
Since its inception in 2013, the container platform which has the number one is Docker, and it is still
continuously improving. A highly important DevOps tool, the distributed development ability of Docker
has made containerization popular in the technological world. The app’s deployment could be also be
automated with Docker.
Applications are made secure and portable by isolating them into separate containers. It is Operating
system-oriented. It is an alternative to VirtualBox. All dependencies could be shipped as an independent
unit using Docker, which takes them away from the hassle of dependency management and making it
possible to run the apps on any platform. The delivery workflow could be improved if integrated with
Jenkins and Bamboo servers. Cloud providers like Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud have extended
support for Docker. Docker can ease the process of cloud migration.
Kubernetes

The containerized application’s deployment, scaling, and management could be automated by an open-
source system known as Kubernetes; 2019 is the year of Kubernetes. The containerization has been taken
to the next level by the Kubernetes platform. It could be easily integrated with other tools like Docker. The

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idea behind Kubernetes was to manage containers at scale, and thus a solution was found in 2015 by two
Google engineers. Containers could be grouped into logical units using Kubernetes.
Having a few containers might let you need a container orchestration platform. Reaching a certain level of
complexity, however, would require scaling of the resources. Hundreds of containers could be managed by
automating the process using Kubernetes. Instead of containerized apps being tied to a single machine,
Kubernetes allows us to deploy them to a cluster of computers. Across the entire cluster, the scheduling of
containers is automated by Kubernetes. There is one master and several worker nodes structures in
Kubernetes. The pre-defined rules are implemented by the master while the worker nodes deploy the
containers. In a situation of necessity, the containers are re-distributed by Kubernetes, and it also notices
when everything, even when a worker node is down.
Testing Tools
Continuous and automated testing is at the heart of the DevOps methodology. In most cases, modern
DevOps projects involve Test-Driven-Development (TDD), a discipline where tests are written prior to
the code of a given use case. Testing activities are supported by tools like:
Junit, which is a unit testing framework for Java programming. JUnit has played an important role in
TDD, as it was used in the first TDD developments.
Selenium, which is a portable framework for testing web applications. It enables playback
functionalities towards creating functional tests. Selenium users can write tests without using a test scripting
language.
Selenium is an open-source tool that is most popularised to automate testing. It was specifically designed
to support a wide range of browsers for automation testing.
Key Features:
 It supports languages like Java, C#, PHP, Safari, etc.
 Compared to other testing tools, selenium needs very fewer resources.
 Test cases prepared using this test tool can be performed on any operating system.
 It also supports different platforms like Windows, Mac OS, etc.
Deployment and Operations Tools
There is no DevOps without automated deployment of software based on proper software configurations
over the available IT infrastructure. Thus, there are various tools that manage deployment
configurations, while at the same time automating their deployment. In particular:
Chef, is a tool for configuring software deployments. The latter are represented in Chef’s specialized
domain specific language. Chef itself is written in Ruby and Erlang.
Puppet Enterprise

Category: Configuration Management Tools

Puppet is a configuration management tool that is used for configuring the servers, deploying changes to
servers and also for managing them. Puppet is built on Ruby and the architecture is based on agent/master
approach.
Features and Advantages:
 Allows quick delivery of changes
 Consistency is maintained in the test, prod and development environment
 It automates the process of configuration.
 A good interface for reporting is available.
 SDLC time reduced.
Disadvantages:

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  Wherever scaling of deployment is involved, the puppet doesn’t prove there to be a good
configuration management tool.
 Users who are not so familiar with languages such as Ruby, the puppet can be difficult for them to
understand.
 If someone wants to execute the commands remotely, it is not possible via a puppet.

A configuration management platform that is also cross-platform is known as the Puppet Enterprise. As a
code, the infrastructure could be managed by the Puppet tool. The software could be delivered faster and
more securely as infrastructure management is automated. An open-source tool for smaller projects could
also be provided to the developers by Puppet. Puppet Enterprise’s extra features could be found when
dealing with a large infrastructure.
Some of the features are the report generation in real-time, the access-control, which is role-based, and the
management of Node. Thousands of resources and multiple teams could be managed with the Puppet
Enterprise. The relationship with infrastructure is one of the key processes of a software development life-
cycle which is automated by the Puppet Enterprise. Failures are handled smartly, and the dependencies are
dealt with carefully. All the dependent configurations are skipped when a configuration fails. There are
more than five thousand modules in Puppet, and many popular DevOps tools could be integrated with it.
Ansible,
Category: Configuration Management Tools in DevOps Automation Tool
Ansible is an open-source configuration management tool which is used as an IT automation engine and it
can be used to automate a number of tasks category such as provisioning (it is like setting up a number of
servers in your organizational infrastructure), deployment of application (it can automate the process of
application deployment) and configuration management (for changing the settings and configuration of the
applications that are deployed). It can also be used to initiate actions over servers such as to start or stop
the server, push an update or even for implementing any new security policies to the applications.
Features and Advantages:
 If somebody wants to execute the commands remotely, it is made possible via Ansible.
 Very suitable for scaling environments.
 A number of methodologies are available for push models.
 It can be easy to learn Ansible for new users.
 It can support both the push as well as pull models.
 High security is guaranteed and it is also enabled with SSH.
 Agents are not required to be installed on each of the servers.
Disadvantages:
 As for now, it has not fully grown and it comes with limited features.
 The focus is more on orchestration than configuration.
 which is open-source tool that enables software provisioning, configuration management, and
software application deployment over a DevOps infrastructure. It supports configuration of both
Unix and Microsoft Windows systems.

Similar to Chef and Puppet, a configuration management tool is Ansible. Deployment could be automated,
and the infrastructure could be configured using the Ansible tool. Its simplicity and ease of use are the main
features compared to other tools. The Puppet’s infrastructure as code approach is followed by Ansible as
well. The simple YAML syntax is used by Ansible. Tasks could be defined in Ansible with YAML while
there is a declarative advantage in Puppet.

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One of the other standout features of Ansible is its Agentless architecture. For automating configuration
management, a secure and lightweight solution is Ansible. There are several modules in Ansible as well,
which is similar to Puppet. Within a Jenkins pipeline, applications could be deployed, and the environment
could be provisioned using the Ansible tool.
Jenkins,
 Category – CICD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery)
 which is one of the most prominent continuous integration servers written in Java. Jenkins
automates the part of checking in new software and automatically identifying its impact on the
overall project/product. The server triggers the execution of all tests whenever new code is
checked-in in the code repository. In this way, it supports continuous integration and facilitates
continuous delivery of tested software based on the latest available features. Jenkins runs in Java
Servlets containers such as Apache Tomcat.
Beyond Jenkins, there are also other continuous integration servers, such as Bamboo, which offer
similar features and are also attracting the attention of the DevOps community. Another example of
Continuous Integration (CI) server is Drone, which is probably the newest CI server in the market and
is built around the concept of containers. This makes it easy to combine it with containers’
infrastructures like Docker. For this reason, Drone features a higher degree of modularity when
compared to other CI servers, which makes the development and deployment of CI related plug-ins
faster.
Features and Advantages:
 Jenkins is an open-source platform which is supported by its community
 More than 1000 plug-in is available which eases the work
 Offers CICD solution and installation is easy
 We can check for errors on the fly
 Portable to all major platforms since it is written in Java
 Provides good security
Disadvantages:
 The agile framework is lacking
 Proper analytics is not provided.
Bamboo

Bamboo is the solution of CI/CD of Atlassian’s, bearing a lot of similarities with Jenkins. The automation
of the delivery pipeline could be achieved by both. Unlike Jenkins, Bamboo has a price associated with it.
Several manual functionalities in Jenkins are pre-built in Bamboo, which results in lesser plugins than
Jenkins, but its out-of-the-box capabilities don’t need that many plugins. Integration with Bitbucket and
Jira could be done seamlessly with Bamboo. A lot of configuration time could be saved with Bamboo. The
user interface in Bamboo is interactive and intuitive as well. Several features like the tips of the tool, auto-
completion, and so on are present in the UI.
Bamboo is a continuous integration and deployment tool. It is used for the testing of DevOps. Bamboo
supports many languages and technologies such as Ducker, SVN, Amazon S3 buckets and etc.
Key Features:
 It is very easy to set up Bamboo.
 Run tests for parallel lots.
 It can trigger based on repository changes, push Bitbucket notifications.
Monitoring and Management Tools
DevOps teams benefit from monitoring and management teams that provide them with insights about
the status and operation of their infrastructure. Tools that help DevOps teams in this direction include:

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Nagios, which is open source and used to monitor DevOps infrastructure elements, including systems,
switches, routers and other networking elements. It offers a range of monitoring and alerting services for
all these infrastructure elements.

A DevOps monitoring tool that is free and open-source is Nagios. Problems could be found and fixed with
the Nagios tool as it helps to monitor the infrastructure. Records of failures, events, etc., could be tracked
with the help of this tool. Nagios’s graphs and charts help to track the trends. Security threats could be
detected, and errors could be forecasted as a result of this. Nagios’s plugin system makes it stand out for
infrastructure monitoring. There is a huge community for Nagios since its emergence in 2002. All
translations, tutorials, etc., along with plugins, are also free. The Nagios Core, Nagios Log Server, Nagios
XI, and Nagios Fusion are monitoring solutions of Nagios, which are open-source.
As Core is the command-line tool, the user interface is formed by the Nagios XI. The logs data could be
searched using the Nagios Log server, and at the same time, multiple networks could be monitored using
the Nagios Fusion. The solution to monitor infrastructure is provided by Nagios to DevOps, which might
take some time to gain compatibility
New Relic, a tool that provides software analytics for application performance monitoring. It offers real-
time performance information, along with trends associated with the operation of web applications.
Raygun

Raygun is a platform that reports crashes and monitors errors. The recent product of Raygun is APM. The
performance issues could be diagnosed using the Raygun tool and tracked as well. The problems with the
highest priority are identified, and issues are created. Development and Operation are brought together by
Raygun and provided the errors and performance problems causes for the whole team by linking errors
back automatically to the source code.

In order to rise the wave of DevOps development, you certainly need to acquaint yourself with a range
of tools that support the entire lifecycle of DevOps activities. In this post we have presented some of
them in order to help you understand the structure of the DevOps tooling ecosystem and accordingly to
start your tooling understanding endeavors on the right foot.
Conclusion
DevOps is a collaborative approach between development teams and operational teams. DevOps allows the
delivery speed depending on your company and customer needs to be increased
Choosing the right DevOps tools
There is no one single tool that meets all DevOps requirements. The smartest move is to choose a set of
tools that best suit the organization’s software delivery environment, team and application.
The right tools enable organizations to create a strong DevOps foundation, achieve a continuous process
right from development to deployment, help optimize resources and costs, facilitate seamless execution of
the processes and eventually meet organizational goals.
While choosing the right DevOps tools, organizations must consider the following factors:
 The tools should have enterprise-class automation capability. It will help scale the organizational
workflows and continuously enhance the processes without adding extra work.
 DevOps creates a need for integration of the entire delivery ecosystem. Therefore, the tools
should have integration capabilities.
In addition to the two factors listed above, tools in the DevOps setup must be agile and cloud friendly.
Example: Some popular tools used for enabling enterprise DevOps setup
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 DevOps Tools
Here are some most popular DevOps tools with brief explanation shown in the below image, such as:

1) Puppet
Puppet is the most widely used DevOps tool. It allows the delivery and release of the technology changes
quickly and frequently. It has features of versioning, automated testing, and continuous delivery. It enables
to manage entire infrastructure as code without expanding the size of the team.
Features
o Real-time context-aware reporting.
o Model and manage the entire environment.
o Defined and continually enforce infrastructure.
o Desired state conflict detection and remediation.
o It inspects and reports on packages running across the infrastructure.
o It eliminates manual work for the software delivery process.
o It helps the developer to deliver great software quickly.
2) Ansible
Ansible is a leading DevOps tool. Ansible is an open-source IT engine that automates application
deployment, cloud provisioning, intra service orchestration, and other IT tools. It makes it easier for
DevOps teams to scale automation and speed up productivity.

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Ansible is easy to deploy because it does not use any agents or custom security infrastructure on the client-
side, and by pushing modules to the clients. These modules are executed locally on the client-side, and the
output is pushed back to the Ansible server.
Features
o It is easy to use to open source deploy applications.
o It helps in avoiding complexity in the software development process.
o It eliminates repetitive tasks.
o It manages complex deployments and speeds up the development process.
3) Docker
Docker is a high-end DevOps tool that allows building, ship, and run distributed applications on multiple
systems. It also helps to assemble the apps quickly from the components, and it is typically suitable for
container management.
Features
o It configures the system more comfortable and faster.
o It increases productivity.
o It provides containers that are used to run the application in an isolated environment.
o It routes the incoming request for published ports on available nodes to an active container. This
feature enables the connection even if there is no task running on the node.
o It allows saving secrets into the swarm itself.
4) Nagios
Nagios is one of the more useful tools for DevOps. It can determine the errors and rectify them with the
help of network, infrastructure, server, and log monitoring systems.
Features
o It provides complete monitoring of desktop and server operating systems.
o The network analyzer helps to identify bottlenecks and optimize bandwidth utilization.
o It helps to monitor components such as services, application, OS, and network protocol.
o It also provides to complete monitoring of Java Management Extensions.
5) CHEF
A chef is a useful tool for achieving scale, speed, and consistency. The chef is a cloud-based system and
open source technology. This technology uses Ruby encoding to develop essential building blocks such as
recipes and cookbooks. The chef is used in infrastructure automation and helps in reducing manual and
repetitive tasks for infrastructure management.
Chef has got its convention for different building blocks, which are required to manage and automate
infrastructure.
Features
o It maintains high availability.
o It can manage multiple cloud environments.
o It uses popular Ruby language to create a domain-specific language.
o The chef does not make any assumptions about the current status of the node. It uses its mechanism
to get the current state of the machine.
6) Jenkins
Jenkins is a DevOps tool for monitoring the execution of repeated tasks. Jenkins is a software that allows
continuous integration. Jenkins will be installed on a server where the central build will take place. It helps
to integrate project changes more efficiently by finding the issues quickly.
Features
o Jenkins increases the scale of automation.
o It can easily set up and configure via a web interface.
o It can distribute the tasks across multiple machines, thereby increasing concurrency.
o It supports continuous integration and continuous delivery.
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o It offers 400 plugins to support the building and testing any project virtually.
o It requires little maintenance and has a built-in GUI tool for easy updates.
7) Git
Git is an open-source distributed version control system that is freely available for everyone. It is designed
to handle minor to major projects with speed and efficiency. It is developed to co-ordinate the work among
programmers. The version control allows you to track and work together with your team members at the
same workspace. It is used as a critical distributed version-control for the DevOps tool.
Features
o It is a free open source tool.
o It allows distributed development.
o It supports the pull request.
o It enables a faster release cycle.
o Git is very scalable.
o It is very secure and completes the tasks very fast.
8) SALTSTACK
Stackify is a lightweight DevOps tool. It shows real-time error queries, logs, and more directly into the
workstation. SALTSTACK is an ideal solution for intelligent orchestration for the software-defined data
center.
Features
o It eliminates messy configuration or data changes.
o It can trace detail of all the types of the web request.
o It allows us to find and fix the bugs before production.
o It provides secure access and configures image caches.
o It secures multi-tenancy with granular role-based access control.
o Flexible image management with a private registry to store and manage images.
9) Splunk
Splunk is a tool to make machine data usable, accessible, and valuable to everyone. It delivers operational
intelligence to DevOps teams. It helps companies to be more secure, productive, and competitive.
Features
o It has the next-generation monitoring and analytics solution.
o It delivers a single, unified view of different IT services.
o Extend the Splunk platform with purpose-built solutions for security.
o Data drive analytics with actionable insight.
10) Selenium
Selenium is a portable software testing framework for web applications. It provides an easy interface for
developing automated tests.
Features
o It is a free open source tool.
o It supports multiplatform for testing, such as Android and ios.
o It is easy to build a keyword-driven framework for a WebDriver.
o It creates robust browser-based regression automation suites and tests.

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