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Process Dynamics Modeling Examples

The document discusses modeling in process dynamics, focusing on different forcing functions such as step, sinusoidal, and ramp. It includes examples of a thermometer's response to these functions, detailing calculations and expected outcomes. The content is aimed at understanding the time constant and response lag in thermal systems.

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Hanzala Labeeb
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19 views12 pages

Process Dynamics Modeling Examples

The document discusses modeling in process dynamics, focusing on different forcing functions such as step, sinusoidal, and ramp. It includes examples of a thermometer's response to these functions, detailing calculations and expected outcomes. The content is aimed at understanding the time constant and response lag in thermal systems.

Uploaded by

Hanzala Labeeb
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Instrumentation and Process

Control (CHE-323)

Dr. Iftikhar A. Salarzai

School of Chemical & Materials Engineering


National University of Sciences and Technology,
Islamabad

1
Modeling in Process Dynamics:
Step Forcing Function and Response

Example: A thermometer having a time constant of 0.1 min is at a steady-state


temperature of 90 ° F. At time t = 0, the thermometer is placed in a temperature
bath maintained at 100°F. Find response of the thermometer to the step change.
2
Effect of value of time
constant

3
Modeling in Process Dynamics:
Sinusoidal Forcing Function and
Response

4
Example: Sinusoidal Forcing Function
and Response
• A mercury thermometer having a time constant of 0.1 min is
placed in a temperature bath at 100°F and allowed to come to
equilibrium with the bath. At time t =0, the temperature of the bath
begins to vary sinusoidally about its average temperature of 100°F
with an amplitude of 2°F. If the frequency of oscillation is 10/Pi
cycles/min, plot the ultimate response of the thermometer reading as
a function of time. What is the phase lag?

5
Solution: Sinusoidal Forcing Function
and Response

6
Solution: Sinusoidal Forcing Function
and Response (cont…)

7
Solution: Sinusoidal Forcing Function
and Response (cont…)

8
Solution: Sinusoidal Forcing Function
and Response (cont…)

9
Modeling in Process Dynamics:
Ramp Forcing Function and Response

10
Example: Ramp Forcing Function and
Response
A thermometer having a time constant of 0.2 min is placed in a temperature bath, and after
the thermometer comes to equilibrium with the bath, the temperature of the bath is
increased linearly with time at a rate of 1°/min. Plot the forcing function and response on the
same graph. After a long enough time, by how many minutes does the response lag the
input?

11
Working Mechanism of Controller

12

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