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Tai Chi Effects on Arthritis Study Analysis

The document outlines an assignment consisting of multiple sections related to statistical analysis and experimental design, including an experiment on Tai Chi's effects on arthritis pain, calculations involving scores, and constructing frequency tables. It also includes tasks related to regression analysis and correlation coefficients. The assignment requires students to identify variables, perform calculations, and interpret data from various scenarios.

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8 views3 pages

Tai Chi Effects on Arthritis Study Analysis

The document outlines an assignment consisting of multiple sections related to statistical analysis and experimental design, including an experiment on Tai Chi's effects on arthritis pain, calculations involving scores, and constructing frequency tables. It also includes tasks related to regression analysis and correlation coefficients. The assignment requires students to identify variables, perform calculations, and interpret data from various scenarios.

Uploaded by

kiondojosai
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assignment 1

a) In an experiment examining the effects Tai Chi on arthritis pain, Callahan


(2010) selected a large sample of individuals with doctor-diagnosed arthritis.
Half of the participants immediately began a Tai Chi course and the other half
(the control group) waited 8 weeks before beginning. At the end of 8 weeks,
the individuals who had experienced Tai Chi had less arthritis pain than
those who had not participated in the course.
i. Identify the independent variable for this study.
ii. What scale of measurement is used for the independent variable?
iii. Identify the dependent variable for this study.
iv. What scale of measurement is used for the dependent variable?

(b)
Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for n = 4 subjects. For these scores, find the
value of each expression.
subject X Y
A 3 4
B 0 7
C -1 5
D 2 2

i. Σ(X-1)
ii. ΣY + 2
iii. Σ(X+1)(Y-2)

(c) An instructor has obtained the N = 25 exam scores shown here.


82, 75, 88, 93, 53, 84, 87, 58, 72, 94, 69, 84, 61,91, 64, 87, 84, 70, 76, 89, 75,
80, 73, 78, 60

Construct a grouped frequency table

(d)If the following scores are ranked, what rank is assigned to an


individual with a score of X = 7?
Scores: 1, 2, 2, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 10, 12

e)The following data of x=rainfall volume and y=runoff volume for a particular
location. The accompanying values were read from the plot.

x 5 12 14 17 23
y 4 10 13 15 25

i) Draw a scatterplot of the data, does it support the use of the simple linear
regression model?
ii) Calculate point estimates of the slope and intercept of the population
regression line.
iii) Calculate a point estimate of the true average runoff volume when rainfall
volume is 50.

f) Given the following data summaries

n=18, ∑ 𝑥𝑖 = 1950, ∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 47.92, ∑ 𝑥𝑖2 = 251970 , ∑ 𝑦𝑖2 = 130.6074, ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 =


5530.92

Calculate PPMCC

g) The flow rate y(m3 /min) in a device used for air-quality measurement
depends on the pressure drop x (inches of water) across the device’s filter.
Suppose that for x values between 5 and 20, the two variables are related
according to the simple linear regression model with a true regression line

y = −0.12 + 0.095x.

i) What is the expected change in flow rate associated with a 1-inch


increase in pressure drop?
ii) What change in flow rate can be expected when pressure drop
decreases by 5 inches?
iii) What is the expected flow rate for a pressure drop of 10 inches?

Common questions

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A score of 7 is ranked as the 8th position in the list of scores: 1, 2, 2, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 10, 12.

For a decrease in pressure drop by 5 inches, the expected change in flow rate is: 0.095 * (-5) = -0.475 m³/min. This reflects the linear change when pressure decreases.

Using the simple linear regression equation from part (e): y = 0.5 + 1.08x, the point estimate for the average runoff volume when x = 50 is y = 0.5 + 1.08(50) = 54.5.

The dependent variable in the study is the level of arthritis pain experienced by the participants. The scale of measurement used for the dependent variable is ordinal, as it ranks participants based on their perceived levels of pain.

The independent variable in the study is the participation in a Tai Chi course (whether the participants began Tai Chi immediately or after 8 weeks). The scale of measurement used for this independent variable is nominal, as it categorizes participants into two distinct groups.

PPMCC can be calculated using the formula: r = [n∑xy - ∑x∑y] / sqrt{[n∑x² - (∑x)²][n∑y² - (∑y)²]}. Substituting the values: r = [18(5530.92) - (1950)(47.92)] / sqrt{[18(251970) - (1950)²][18(130.6074) - (47.92)²]} = 0.36 (approximate value after calculation).

The expected change in flow rate for a 1-inch increase in pressure drop is the slope of the regression line: 0.095 m³/min. This represents the rate of change in flow rate per inch of pressure drop.

After calculating (X-1) for each subject, the sum Σ(X-1) is calculated as follows: (3-1) + (0-1) + (-1-1) + (2-1) = 2 + (-1) + (-2) + 1 = 0.

Substituting x = 10 into the regression equation y = −0.12 + 0.095x, the expected flow rate is y = −0.12 + 0.095(10) = 0.83 m³/min.

Within the interval 70-79, the scores are: 72, 75, 75, 73, 78. Therefore, there are 5 scores in this interval.

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