Tutorial Sheet: Signals and Systems,
Sem IV Department of EXTC (CCE)
Tutorial 1: Introduction to Signals and Systems 1.
Define signal and system. Give two examples of each.
2. Explain how a electrical/electronics system eg. Amplifier, filter can be
represented using signals and systems with a neat block diagram.
3. Describe the application of signals and systems in:
(a) Electrical systems
(b) Financial systems
(c) Biological systems
4. Identify the input and output signals in an ECG measurement
system. 5. Write short notes on any one:
(a) Continuous-time signals
(b) Discrete-time signals
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Tutorial 2: Basic CT and DT Signals and Operations
1. Sketch the signal:
x(t) = u(t − 1) − u(t − 3)
2. Find the time-reversed and time-shifted version of:
x[n] = δ[n − 2]
3. Perform scaling and shifting on:
x(t) = e−tu(t)
to obtain x(2t − 1).
4. Given
x(t) = u(t) − u(t − 2), y(t) = x(2t − 1)
Sketch both signals and explain each operation.
5. Compute the even and odd components of:
x(t) = et
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Tutorial 3: Classification of Signals and Systems
Answer all questions.
1. Classify the following signals as: continuous/discrete, even/odd,
energy/power: x(t) = 3 cos(2πt + π/4)
2. Determine following signals as periodic/aperiodic if periodic find fundamental pe
riod:
x(t) = 3 cos(2πt + π/4) + sin(3πt + π/8)
x[n] = 3 cos(2n + π/4)
3. Determine whether the system
y(t) = t x(t)
is linear, time-invariant, causal and stable.
4. Find whether the system
y[n] = x[n] + x[n − 1]
is memoryless and time invariant.
5. Classify the signal
x(t) = e−2tu(t)
as energy or power signal by computing its energy and power.
6. Analyze the properties (linearity, causality, stability, time invariance) of the
system: Z t
y(t) = 3
x(τ ) dτ
−∞
Tutorial 4: Convolution and Block Diagram Repre sentation
1. Compute the convolution sum:
y[n] = x[n] ∗ h[n]
where
x[n] = {1, 2, 1}, h[n] = {1, 1}
2. Compute the convolution sum:
y[n] = x[n] ∗ h[n]
where
x[n] = {1, 2, 1}, h[n] = u[n]
3. Draw the block diagram of:
y[n] = x[n] + 2x[n − 1] + x[n − 2]
4. Compute the convolution integral:
y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t)
where
x(t) = u(t), h(t) = e−tu(t)
5. Represent the following system using a block diagram and determine its
impulse response:
y[n] = y[n − 1] + x[n]
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Tutorial 5: Fourier Series
1. Find the fundamental frequency of:
x(t) = sin(4πt)
2. State the Dirichlet conditions for Fourier series.
3. Write the trigonometric Fourier series representation of a periodic signal. 4. Find
the trigonometric Fourier series coefficients of a periodic signal: x(t) = t, −π < t < π
5. Find the exponential Fourier series of a square wave of amplitude 1 and period 2π.
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Tutorial 6: Fourier Transform
1. Find the Fourier transform of:
x(t) = e−atu(t), a > 0
2. State any four properties of Fourier Transform.
3. Find the inverse Fourier transform of:
X(ω) = 1
jω + 2
4. Compute the Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse and sketch its magnitude
spectrum.
5. Using Fourier transform properties, find the transform of:
x(t) = cos(5t)u(t)
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Tutorial 7: Laplace Transform
1. Find the Laplace transform of:
x(t) = e−3tu(t)
2. Define Region of Convergence (ROC).
3. Find the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) for all possible ROC:
X(s) = 1
s(s + 2)
4. Solve the differential equation using Laplace transform and Find transfer
function, impulse response and step response.
d2y
2 dy
dt + 3 dt + 2y = x(t)
5. Determine the Laplace transform and ROC of:
x(t) = e2tu(−t)
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Tutorial 8: CT-LTI Systems using Laplace Transform 1. Find
the transfer function of a CT-LTI system described by:
dy(t)
dt + 4y(t) = x(t)
2. Define stability in terms of poles.
response from:
3. Find impulse
H(s) = 1 s + 1
4. Find output y(t) using Laplace transform when:
x(t) = u(t), H(s) = 1
s(s + 2)
5. Determine whether the system is causal and stable given:
H(s) = s + 1
s(s − 1)
6. System is describe by following differential equation:
d2y
2 dy
dt + 3 dt + 2y = x(t)
with y(0) = 3,
dy
dt |(t = 0) = −5
Determine its natural, force and total response of the system for x(t) = 2u(t) 8
Tutorial 9: Z-Transform and DT-LTI Systems
1. Find the Z-transform of:
x[n] = anu[n]
2. Define ROC of Z-transform.
3. Find inverse
X(z) = z z − 0.5
Z-transform of:
4. Solve the difference equation using Z-transform:
y[n] − 0.5y[n − 1] = x[n]
5. Determine stability and causality of the
system: H(z) =
z
z2 − 0.25