Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
NCM 112 – OXYGEN AND FLUID & ELECTROLYTES
MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS
FINAL EXAMINATION
GROUP I – UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?
a. Filtering, warming, and humidifying inspired air
b. Detecting taste and smell
c. Producing digestive enzymes
d. Chewing and swallowing food
2. Which diagnostic test is used to identify bacterial infections in the throat?
a. Chest X-ray
b. Throat culture
c. Ultrasound
d. Blood test
3. What type of medication is effective for relieving the symptoms of viral pharyngitis?
a. Antibiotics
b. Antivirals
c. Pain relievers like Tylenol or Advil
d. Antifungal medications
4. Which of the following is an appropriate preventive measure for pharyngitis?
a. Sharing personal items
b. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
c. Using antibiotics regularly
d. Gargling with alcohol-based solutions
5. What clinical feature might suggest the need for antibiotics in pharyngitis?
a. Viral etiology
b. Severe illness or no improvement after 5 days
c. Mild sore throat without fever
d. Absence of tonsillar swelling
6. Which scoring system is used in conjunction with RADT to diagnose pharyngitis?
a. Centor or FeverPAIN scoring systems
b. Glasgow Coma Scale
c. APACHE II scoring system
d. SOFA scoring system
7. Antibiotics are effective for treating viral pharyngitis.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. I don’t know
8. Which of the following is NOT a recommended symptomatic treatment for viral pharyngitis?
a. Gargling with warm salt water
b. Using throat lozenges with menthol or benzocaine
c. Taking antibiotics immediately
d. Using a humidifier to moisten the air
9. When are antibiotics typically prescribed for pharyngitis?
a. For all cases of pharyngitis
b. Only if a bacterial infection, like strep throat, is confirmed or highly suspected
c. For viral pharyngitis with mild symptoms
d. To prevent complications from any sore throat
10. Which of the following measures is used to monitor a patient with pharyngitis?
a. Tracking the severity of symptoms such as sore throat and fever
b. Assessing hydration levels and duration of symptoms
c. Watching for signs of secondary bacterial infection
d. All of the above
GROUP II – FRACTURE OF THE NOSE
1. Which of the following should be avoided by a patient recovering from a nasal fracture?
a. Nasal decongestants
b. Blowing the nose forcefully
c. Gentle nasal saline irrigation
d. Applying ice packs on the nose
2. During a physical examination, which finding suggests a nasal fracture?
a. Clear nasal discharge
b. Visible deformity of the nose
c. Normal respiratory rate
d. Absence of tenderness
3. What immediate action should be taken if someone has a nosebleed from a suspected fracture?
a. Lie down and tilt the head back
b. Pinch the nostrils and lean forward
c. Apply heat to the nose
d. Ignore it unless it persists
4. A patient with a suspected nasal fracture presents with shortness of breath and wheezing. What is the
most appropriate next step in management?
a. Immediate nasal packing
b. Administer bronchodilators
c. Perform a CT scan of the sinuses
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Refer to an ENT specialist
5. While examining a patient with a visible deformity of the nose and swelling, you notice clear discharge
from the nasal mucosa. What does this finding suggest?
a. Infection
b. Allergic rhinitis
c. Nasal fracture with possible mucosal injury
d. Sinusitis
6. If a patient with a nasal fracture experiences worsening shortness of breath at night, what should be
evaluated next?
a. Possible allergic reaction
b. Development of a septal hematoma
c. Underlying asthma or bronchospasm
d. Need for surgical intervention
7. A patient reports productive cough with clear sputum following a nasal injury. What is the most likely
cause of this symptom?
a. Viral upper respiratory infection
b. Post-nasal drip due to nasal swelling
c. Bacterial pneumonia
d. Allergic reaction
8. During your assessment, you find that the patient has no signs of neurological issues despite the nasal
injury. Why is this important?
a. It rules out a concussion.
b. It indicates no need for imaging.
c. It confirms the fracture is isolated to the nose.
d. It suggests that the injury is minor.
9. Which of the following interventions should be avoided in the immediate post-injury period of a nasal
fracture?
a. Applying a cold compress to reduce swelling
b. Keeping the head elevated to reduce swelling
c. Placing the patient in a semi-reclining position
d. Using nasal decongestants
10. When should a patient with a nasal fracture be referred to a specialist for further evaluation or treatment?
a. Immediately after the injury, regardless of severity
b. If they experience difficulty breathing, persistent nosebleeds, or misalignment
c. Only if they have a history of allergies
d. If the fracture occurred more than 48 hours ago
GROUP III – LARYNGEAL CANCER
1. What is the primary function of the larynx during swallowing?
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. To produce sound
b. To prevent aspiration of food
c. To open the airway
d. To support the esophagus
2. Which part of the larynx contains the vocal cords?
a. Supraglottis
b. Subglottis
c. Glottis
d. Epiglottis
3. What is the main structural component of the larynx?
a. Ligaments
b. Cartilage
c. Muscles
d. Membranes
4. What type of surgery involves removing the entire larynx?
a. Endoscopic Resection
b. Partial Laryngectomy
c. Total Laryngectomy
d. Supraglottic Laryngectomy
5. Which imaging test is commonly used to evaluate laryngeal structures?
a. CT scan
b. Ultrasound
c. Bone scan
d. Mammogram
6. What is the primary side effect of bleomycin sulfate that requires monitoring?
a. Hearing loss
b. Pulmonary toxicity
c. Skin rash
d. Weight gain
7. Which type of radiation therapy involves administering a constant dose while the machine rotates around
the patient?
a. Brachytherapy
b. IMRT
c. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy
d. Hyper fractionated Radiation Therapy
8. A patient undergoing chemotherapy for laryngeal cancer reports persistent nausea and vomiting. What is
the best initial intervention?
a. Advise the patient to eat small, frequent meals
b. Administer antiemetic medication
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Discontinue chemotherapy temporarily
d. Recommend increasing fluid intake
9. A patient post-total laryngectomy is unable to speak. What should the nurse prioritize in patient education?
a. Methods of verbal communication
b. Signs of infection at the surgical site
c. Alternative communication techniques, such as writing or using devices
d. Nutritional guidelines for recovery
10. A patient presents with hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. Which diagnostic procedure should be
performed first?
a. MRI Scan
b. Laryngoscopy
c. PET-CT Scan
d. Ultrasound
GROUP IV – TRAUMA AND OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY AIRWAY
1. What is acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?
a. Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchioles
b. Inflammation of the lunch parenchyma
c. Accumulation of fluid in the sinuses
d. Accumulation of fluid in the larynx, trachea, and bronchioles
2. Which of the following is an appropriate alternative to dexamethasone for the treatment of
laryngotracheobronchitis?
a. Prednisolone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for one day
b. Prednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/kg for two days
c. Ibuprofen at a dose of 10 mg/kg for three days
d. Antihistamine to reduce airway inflammation
3. A nebulizer has been ordered for an adult with laryngotracheobronchitis. What is the best time for the
nurse to administer the treatment?
a. During naptime
b. During playtime
c. After the meal
d. After the parents leave
4. In the pathophysiology of laryngotracheobronchitis, what happens when the trachea is narrow and clogged?
a. The diameter of the trachea increases that decreases the air pressure inside the trachea, leading to the
collapse of the tracheal wall.
b. The diameter of the trachea decreases that decreases the air pressure inside the trachea, leading to the
collapse of the tracheal wall.
c. The diameter of the trachea decreases that increases the air pressure inside the trachea that eventually
swells the tracheal wall.
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. All of the above.
5. Which part of the respiratory system is the most affected by croup?
a. Lungs
b. Trachea and larynx
c. Nasal passages
d. Brain
6. What happens when there is protein and fluid leak in the nasopharyngeal?
a. Nasal edema and swelling
b. Nasal cavity
c. Nasal collapses
d. Nasal bacteria
7. What is the “steeple sign” associated in a patient with croup?
a. A sign seen on Chest X-ray indicating pneumonia
b. A radiological sign on neck x-ray showing a narrowing of the upper airway
c. A clinical sign seen in patients with asthma
d. A sign on CT scan of the lungs in bronchiolitis
8. Patient Anne went to the hospital at 6:00 pm with a chief complaint of difficulty in breathing and cough that
sounded like harsh “barking” sound. Upon auscultation, Nurse Nob heard a raspy vibrating sound during
inspiration. This abnormal lung sound is known as?
a. Stridor
b. Wheeze
c. Rhonchi
d. Crackles
9. Which diagnostic tool is commonly used to evaluate airway inflammation in suspected
laryngotracheobronchitis?
a. CT scan
b. Chest X-ray
c. Laryngoscopy
d. Pulmonary function test
10. In the pathophysiology of laryngotracheobronchitis, what happens when there is a decrease in the mucous
movement across the airway?
a. Increase in tracheal mucous; decrease in nasal mucous
b. Decrease in tracheal mucous; increase in nasal mucous
c. Increase in tracheal mucous; increase in nasal mucous
d. Decrease in tracheal mucous; decrease in nasal mucous
GROUP V – SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
1. ___________ is the most common intervention for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
a. Oral Appliance
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
c. Tonsillectomy
d. Tracheostomy
2. Signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea are below, except.
a. Obesity
b. Somnolence
c. Irritability
d. Yawning
3. Risk factor of age of individuals are on what age?
a. 60 above
b. 65 above
c. 30-70 years old
d. 30-69 years old
4. Gold standard in diagnosing a person with sleep apnea
a. Polysomnography
b. ECG
c. CBC
d. 2D-echo
5. Hypothalamus is the area of the brain that acts as the main control center for sleep and wakefulness.
a. True
b. False
6. This requires surgery to insert a stimulator for the nerve that controls tongue movement.
a. Nerve Stimulation Device
b. Oral Appliances
c. CPAP
d. Mandibular Advancement Devices
7. During this procedure, a surgeon removes tissue from the rear of your mouth and top of the throat.
a. Tonsillectomy
b. Tissue Removal
c. Upper Airway Stimulation
d. Oral appliances
8. All are diagnostic and laboratory investigations for sleep apnea, except:
a. Blood Glucose Test
b. Transducer Airflow
c. Electromyography
d. CBC
9. All statement are correct, except:
a. Don't drink alcohol or use some anti-anxiety medicines or sleeping pills
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Sleep on your side or stomach rather than on your back
c. Keep your nasal passages open while you sleep
d. The most common treatment for sleep apnea is modafinil for excessive sleepiness
10. Pea shaped gland located near the center of the brain.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Thalamus
c. Pineal gland
d. Basal Forebrain
KEY TO CORRECTION
10. B. If they experience difficulty
I. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT breathing, persistent nosebleeds, or
INFECTIONS (PHARYNGITIS) misalignment
1. C. Producing digestive enzymes
2. B. Throat culture III. LARYNGEAL CANCER
3. C. Pain relievers like Tylenol or Advil 1. B. To prevent aspiration of food
4. B. Avoiding close contact with infected 2. C. Glottis
individuals 3. B. Cartilage
5. B. Severe illness or no improvement 4. C. Total Laryngectomy
after 5 days 5. A. CT scan
6. A. Centor or FeverPAIN scoring 6. B. Pulmonary toxicity
systems 7. C. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy
7. A. True 8. B. Administer antiemetic medication
8. C. Taking antibiotics immediately 9. C. Alternative communication
9. B. Only if a bacterial infection, like techniques, such as writing or using
strep throat, is confirmed or highly devices
suspected 10. B. Laryngoscopy
10. D. All of the above
IV. TRAUMA AND OBSTRUCTION OF THE
II. FRACTURE OF THE NOSE UPPER RESPIRATORY AIRWAY
1. B. Blowing of the nose forcefully 1. A. Inflammation of the larynx, trachea,
2. B. Visible deformity of the nose and bronchioles
3. B. Pinch the nostrils and lean forward 2. B. Prednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/kg
4. B. Administer bronchodilators for two days
5. C. Nasal fracture with possible mucosal 3. A. During naptime
injury 4. A. The diameter of the trachea increases
6. C. Underlying asthma or bronchospasm that decrease the air pressure inside the
7. B. Post-nasal drip due to nasal swelling trachea, leading to the collapse of the
8. A. It rules out a concussion tracheal wall.
9. D. Using nasal decongestants 5. B. Trachea and larynx
6. A. Nasal edema and swelling
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Health Sciences
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. B. A radiological sign on neck x-ray
showing a narrowing of the upper
airway
8. B. Wheeze
9. C. Laryngoscopy
10. C. Increase in tracheal mucous;
increase in nasal mucous
V. SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
1. B. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
2. A. Obesity
3. D. 30-69 years old
4. A. Polysomnography
5. A. True
6. A. Nerve stimulation device
7. B. Tissue removal
8. D. CBC
9. D. The most common treatment for
sleep apnea is modafinil for excessive
sleepiness
10. C. Pineal gland