Operator (cont)

Assignment operator:
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
shorthand x=3+4*5
Ex: 23 temporary area
x += 3; x = x + 3;
y %= 7; y = y % 7;

x = 5;

Multiple Assignment

x = y = z = 11 ;

11

11

11
Control statements:
Conditional (Branching - Decision) statement int main() int main() int main()
if statement: { { {
int num; int num; int num;
if(condition) int rem;
{ cout << "Enter Number: "; cout << "Enter Number: "; cout << "Enter Number: ";
statement to be executed cin >> num; cin >> num; cin >> num;
when condition is N.Z. rem = num % 2;
} if( rem != 0) if( (num % 2) != 0) if( num % 2)
{ { {
num = num * 2; num = num * 2; num = num * 2;
} } }
condition N.Z cout << num; cout << num; cout << num;
return 0; return 0; return 0;
} } }
Zero
num num % 2 (num % 2) != 0
7 1 non zero
Example: 8 0 zero
Write a program that read a number from user.
if number is odd, multiply it by 2 then print it,
other print it
if .. else statement int main()
{
if(condition) int Grade;
{ N.Z. cout << "Enter Grade: ";
statement to be executed cin >> Grade;
when condition is N.Z if(Grade >= 60)
} {
else cout << "Pass" << endl;
{ }
statement to be executed else
when condition is Zero {
} cout << "Fail" <<endl;
}
return 0;
} Grade >= 90 A
90 > Grade >= 80 B
80 > Grade >= 60 C
otherwise Fail
Zero condition N.Z
int main() int main() int main() int main()
{ { { {
int Grade; int Grade; int Grade; int Grade;
cout << "Enter Grade: "; cout << "Enter Grade: "; cout << "Enter Grade: "; cout << "Enter Grade: ";
cin >> Grade; cin >> Grade; cin >> Grade; cin >> Grade;
if(Grade >= 90) if(Grade >= 90) if(Grade >= 90) if(Grade >= 90)
{ { { {
cout << "A" << endl; cout << "A" << endl; cout << "A" << endl; cout << "A" << endl;
} } } }
if(Grade >= 80) if(Grade >= 80 && Grade < 90) if(Grade >= 80 && Grade < 90) else
{ { { {
cout << "B" << endl; cout << "B" << endl; cout << "B" << endl; if(Grade >= 80)
} } } {
if(Grade >= 60) if(Grade >= 60 && Grade < 80) if(Grade >= 60 && Grade < 80) cout << "B" << endl;
{ { { }
cout << "C" <<endl; cout << "C" <<endl; cout << "C" <<endl; else
} } } {
else else if(Grade < 60) if(Grade >= 60)
{ { { {
cout << "Fail" <<endl; cout << "Fail" <<endl; cout << "Fail" <<endl; cout << "C" << endl;
} } } }
return 0; return 0; return 0; else
} } } {
cout << "Fail" << endl;
O/P: O/P: O/P: }
}
Grade Grade Grade }
55 Fail 55 Fail 55 Fail return 0;
65 C 65 C 65 C }
85 BC ??? 85 BFail?? 85 B
95 ABC ?? 95 AFail?? 95 A
int main() char ch;
{ int x;
int Grade;
cout << "Enter Grade: ";
cin >> Grade;
if(Grade >= 90)
cout << "A" << endl;
else if(Grade >= 80)
{
cout << "B" << endl;
}
else
{
if(Grade >= 60)
{
cout << "C" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Fail" << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() switch .. case int main()
{ {
int num; switch(var) int num;
cout << "Enter Number: "; { cout << "Enter Number: ";
cin >> num case const1: cin >> num
if(num == 1) ..... switch(num)
{ case const2: {
cout << "One" <<endl; ..... case 1:
} cout << "one" << endl;
else default: break;
{ ...... case 2:
if(num == 2) } cout << "Two" << endl;
{ break;
cout << "Two" <<endl; case 3:
} cout << "Three" << endl;
else break;
{ default:
if(num == 3) cout << "Out of Range" <<endl;
{ break;
cout << "Three" << endl; }
} return 0;
else }
{
cout <<"Out of Range"<< endl;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
* Check for the same variable
* Check for equality Fall Through
* Check against constant value
* variable to check is from integer family or char
Iteration (looping) statement

while loop do .. while

for loop

while(condition) do
{ {
for(initial statement ; conditional statement ; update statement)
statement to be repeated when statement to be repeated when
{ non zero
conditional statement is N.Z. conditional statement is N.Z.
statement to be repeated when
} }while(condition);
conditional statement is N.Z.
}

int main() int main()

{ {
int Sum; int Sum;
int Count; int Count;
Sum = 0; Sum = 0;
Count = 1; Count = 1;
for( ; Count <= 100 ; ) while(Count <= 100)
{ {
Sum = Sum + Count; Sum = Sum + Count;
Count++; Count++;
} }
cout << "Total = " << Sum <<endl; cout << "Total = " << Sum <<endl;
return 0; return 0;
} }