Marking Scheme

Class X -Social Science (087)

SET-32/1/1
SET -1 MM-80
[Link]. Values Points Page Marks-
No.
Section A (20X1=20)
(Multiple Choice Questions)
1 (B) Venetia 21 H 1
2 (C) Only I, III and IV are correct 57, 58 1
H
3 (A) Marco Polo 54 H 1
Note- Due to lack of correct option, 1 mark should be awarded to all
students who attempted this question.
4 (D) Increased speed and accuracy of print 108 H 1
5 (B) I, II, III 15 G 1
6 (B) Rajasthan 15 G 1
7 (C) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii 24 G 1
8 (B) Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh 23 G 1
9 (C) Wheat 32 G 1
10 (A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 42 G 1
11 (A) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii 45 G 1
12 (C) Federal 4P 1
13 (D) Spain- Federal 14 P 1
14 (A) Only I, II and III are correct 48 P 1
15 (B) India 13 E 1
16 (A) Primary 21 E 1

17 (D) Tertiary 19 E 1
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Question No.17. 21 E
(C) Basket weaver
18 (C) Only I, II and IV are correct 49 E 1
19 (C) Both poor households and households with few assets 49 E 1
20 (A)Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct 62 E 1
explanation of statement I

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 Section B (4X2=8)
(Very Short Answer Type Questions)

21 (a) Explain the role of anti-colonial movement in the rise of 8modern 29 H 2X1=2
nationalism9 in India.
(i) People began discovering their unity in the process of their
struggle with colonialism.
(ii) The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a
shared bond that tied many different groups together.
(iii) Each class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently,
their experiences were varied and their notions of freedom were
not always the same.
(iv) Anti-colonial movements like Non-Cooperation Movement,
Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement etc.
played a big role in the rise of the modern nationalism in India.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.
OR
(b) Why did Gandhiji say 8Satyagraha is pure soul force9? Explain 31 H 2X1=2
by giving two arguments.
(i) Satyagraha is pure soul force because truth is the very
substance of the soul. That is why this force is called
Satyagraha.
(ii) The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of
love. Non-violence is the supreme dharma.
(iii) According to Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha is not a physical
force.
(iv) A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversity; he does not
seek his destruction. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will
whatever.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.

4
22 Explain any two problems of the 8global ecology9 arising due to 2G 2X1=2
indiscriminate use of resources.
(i) Human beings use the resources indiscriminately and this has
led to major problems.
(ii) This has led to global ecological crisis such as global warming.
(iii) Ozone layer is being depleted.
(iv) It has increased environmental pollution.
(v) Land degradation is also increasing.
(vi) Any other relevant point
Any two points to be explained.
2X1=2
23 Suggest any two measures to remove gender inequality. 33 P 2X1=2
(i) By increasing the literacy rate among women
(ii) By increasing the political representation of women
(iii) By investing in education of girls.
(iv) Legal protection to women in the employment sector
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be suggested.
24 How did the process of liberalization initiated in India in the 1990s 64 E 2X1=2
promote globalization? Explain.
(i) The process of Liberalization i.e. removing barriers or restrictions
set by the government was started in the 1990s.
(ii) The government decided that the time had come for Indian
producers to compete with producers around the globe.
(iii) It has facilitated the MNCs to set up their factories in India. Thus,
Indian economy was integrated to the world economy and process
of globalization started in India.
(iv) Several steps were taken to attract foreign investment. Many SEZs
were established in the country.
(v) Several steps were taken so that goods could be imported and
exported easily and also foreign companies could set up factories
and offices here. It has increased India9s foreign trade.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.

5
 Section C (5X3=15)
(Short Answer Type Questions)
25 <Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and 36 H 3X1=3
the idea of 8Swaraj9 in yet another way.= Explain the statement in the
context of Non-Cooperation Movement.
(i) The Non-Cooperation Movement was initially started in cities,
spread to the villages and tribal areas rapidly. All of them responded
to the call of swaraj, but the term meant different to different people.
(ii) Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the
idea of swaraj in yet another way.
(iii) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, for instance, a militant
guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s 3 not a form of
struggle that the Congress could approve.
(iv) In other forest regions, the colonial government had closed large
forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze
their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. This enraged the hill
people.
(v) Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt that their
traditional rights were being denied.
(vi) When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for
road building, the hill people revolted.
(vii) Their leader, Alluri Sitaram Raju, claimed that he had a variety of
special powers:
(viii) He was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement, and persuaded
people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(ix) He asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force,
not non-violence.
(x) The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British
officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju
was captured and executed in 1924, and over time became a folk
hero
(xi) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

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26 Read the story of Rinjha and answer the question that follows: 30 G
Story of Rinjha
Rinjha lived with her family in a small village at the outskirts of Diphu
in Assam. She enjoys watching her family members clearing, slashing and
burning a patch of land for cultivation. She often helps them in irrigating
the fields with water running through a bamboo canal from the nearby
spring. She loves the surroundings and wants to stay here as long as she can,
but this little girl has no idea about the declining fertility of the soil and her
family9s search for a fresh patch of land in the next season.
What type of farming is Rinjha9s family doing? Describe any two of its
characteristics. 1+2=3
Type of farming- Primitive subsistence farming
Features of primitive subsistence farming:
(i) This farming is practiced on small patches of land.
(ii) It is done with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and
digging sticks.
(iii) It is done with the help of family or community labour.
(iv) This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of
the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the
crops grown.
(v) Any other relevant point
Any two points to be described.
27 <That democratic system of government is considered good in which 64-72P 3X1=3
maximum number of citizens are made stakeholders in political
power.= Explain the statement with suitable arguments.
(i) The democratic system of government is considered good
because people are the source of all political power.
(ii) In a democracy people rule themselves through institutions of
self-government.
(iii) Democracy ensures active participation, representation and
decision-making opportunities for the people.
(iv) Democracy encourages public debates and opinions. These
public opinions are used in policy making.
(v) In democracy, people can make the government accountable as
the system gives enough scope for ensuring transparency.

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 (vi) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts between social
groups.
(vii) Democratic governments are elected by the people. It gives
legitimacy to the government. Thus, it is a good way to ensure the
stability of political order.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

28 (a) Explain the importance of political parties in democracy. 48,49 P 3X1=3

(i) Political parties are the most visible institution in a democracy.
(ii) They reflect fundamental political division in society.
(iii) Political parties contest elections.
(iv) Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the
voters chose them.
(v) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
(vi) Parties form and run government.
(vii) Parties play the role of opposition by voicing different views and
criticizing the government for its wrong policies.
(viii) Parties shape public opinion.
(ix) Parties provide people access to government machinery and
welfare schemes.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any three examples to be explained.

OR
(b) Why did India adopt the multiparty system? Explain with 51 P 3X1=3
suitable arguments.
(i) Party system is not something any country can choose. Each
country develops a party system that is conditioned by its
special circumstances.
(ii) India adopted multi-party system due to its social diversity.
(iii) India has vast geographical diversity. So, in such a large
country diversity is not absorbed by two or even three
parties.

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 (iv) Multiparty system allows a variety of interest and opinions
to enjoy political representation.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any three examples to be explained.

29 Explain the difference between public and private sector of Indian 33, 34E 3X1=3
economy with example.
(i) In the public sector the government owns most of the assets and
provides all the services while in the private sector the ownership
of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private
individuals and companies.
(ii) Railways, Post office are examples of public sector whereas
companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) or
Reliance Industries Limited are examples of private sector.
(iii) The motive of the public sector is not just to earn profits whereas
activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn
profit.
(iv) Government raises money through taxes to meet expenses
whereas private sector organizes its own funds.
(v) Public sector charges less for their services whereas private sector
charges much more.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

Section D (4X5=20)
(Long Answer Type Questions)
30 (a) Analyze the significance of the 8Napoleonic Code9 in making the 20 H 5X1=5
administrative system rational and efficient.

The Civil Code of 1804 3 usually known as the Napoleonic Code 3

(i) It did away with all privileges based on birth,
(ii) It established equality before the law.
(iii) It secured the right to property.
(iv) Napoleonic Code simplified administrative divisions,

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 (v) It abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom
and manorial dues.
(vi) In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed.
(vii) Transport and communication systems were improved.
(viii) Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a
newfound freedom.
(ix) Businessmen and small-scale producers began to realize that
uniform laws, standardized weights and measures and a
common national currency facilitated the movement and
exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be analyzed.

OR
(b)How was liberalism allied to national unity in Europe in the early 9H 5X1=5
decades of the 19th century? Analyze
(i) For the new middle classes in the 19th century Europe, liberalism
stood for freedom for the individual.
(ii) It also stood for equality of all before the law.
(iii) Politically, it emphasized the concept of government by consent.
(iv) Since the French Revolution, liberalism had stood for the end of
autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and
representative government through parliament.
(v) In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of
markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the
movement of goods and capital.
(vi) Formation of Zollverein to promote economic growth
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be analyzed.

31 (a) <Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of the 58 G 5X1=5

economic development of a country.= Justify the statement.
(i) The economic strength of a country is measured by the
development of manufacturing industries.
(ii) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture.

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 (iii) They provide jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iv) Industrial development is a pre-condition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce
and brings much needed foreign exchange.
(vi) Countries that transform their raw material into a wide
variety of finished goods of higher values are prosperous.
(vii) It is also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by
establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be justified.
OR
(b) <Agriculture and industries complement each other.= Justify the 58,59G 5X1=5
statement.
(i) Agriculture and industries are not exclusive of each other. They
move hand in hand.
(ii) For instance, Agro-industries in India have given a major boost to
agriculture by raising its productivity.
(iii) Industries depend on agriculture for raw material and provide their
products for example, irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides,
pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools etc to the
agricultural sector.
(iv) The development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries
has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their productions
but also made production process very efficient.
(v) In the present day of globalization, our industries need to be more
efficient and competitive. This will increase the productivity of
agriculture sector as well.
(vi) Any other relevant point.

Any five points to be justified.

32 (a) Explain any five bases for assessing the outcomes of democracy. 64,65 P 5x1=5
The outcomes of democracy can be assessed on the following basis:
(i) Promotes equality among citizens.
(ii) Enhances the dignity of the individual.

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 (iii) Improves the quality of decision making.
(iv) Provides methods to resolve conflicts.
(v) Allows room to correct mistakes.
(vi) Accommodates social diversity.
(vii) Produces a government that is accountable to the citizens.
(viii) Responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
(ix) Based on ideas of deliberation and negotiations.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
OR
(b) Explain any five values of democracy. 64,65 P 5x1=5
(i) Equal rights and opportunities.
(ii) Freedom to express oneself.
(iii) Choose their leaders and participate in the political process.
(iv) Based on respect, dignity and freedom.
(v) In a democracy, citizens have the right and means to
examine the process of decision making.
(vi) Accommodates social diversity.
(vii) Produces a government that is accountable to the citizens.
(viii) Responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
(ix) Based on ideas of deliberation and negotiations.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
33 (a) <Recent evidence suggests that the overuse of groundwater is 14E 5X1=5
becoming a serious threat in many parts of the country.= Evaluate
the statement in the context of sustainability of development.
(i) Sustainability refers to that kind of economic development that
should take place without damaging the environment and
development in the present should not compromise with the need
of the future generations.
(ii) Ground water is an example of renewable resources. These
resources are replenished by nature.
(iii) The over use ground water is becoming a serious threat in many
parts of the country due to population growth and agricultural
practices.

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 (iv) Excessive use of ground water for irrigation can deplete ground
water level.
(v) A lack of effective policies and regulation can lead to unsustainable
ground water use.
(vi) About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4
meters during the past 20 years.
(vii) Nearly one third of the country is over using their ground water
reserves.
(viii) In another 25 years, 60 percent of the country would be doing the
same if the present way of using this resource continues.
(ix) Ground water overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally
prosperous regions of Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh etc.
(x) Judicious use of water resources.
(xi) Control over dumping of excessive and toxic waste on land to
prevent pollution of ground water.
(xii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.
OR
(b) <The development goals of different categories of people may 4,5E 5X1=5
differ.= Evaluate the statement.
(i) Each one of us seeks different things in our life.
(ii) People seek things that are most important for them, which can
fulfill their aspirations or desires.
(iii) At times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which
are conflicting.
(iv) For example, a girl expects as much freedom and opportunities as
her brother and that he also shares in the household work.
(v) What may be the development for one may not be the
development of others.
(vi) For example, an industrialist may want more dams for electricity
but for the people who are displaced might resent this.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.

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 Section E 3X4=12
(CASE /SOURCE- BASED QUESTIONS)
34 Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: 127 H
Print and Censorship
The power of the printed word is most often seen in the way
governments seek to regulate and suppress print. The colonial
government kept continuous track of all books and newspapers
published in India and passed numerous laws to control the press.
During the First World War, under the Defence of India Rules, 22
newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather
than comply with government orders. The Sedition Committee Report
under Rowlatt in 1919 further strengthened controls that led to
imposition of penalties on various newspapers. At the outbreak of the
Second World War, the Defence of India Act was passed, allowing
censoring of reports of war-related topics. All reports about the Quit
India movement came under its purview. In August 1942, about 90
newspapers were suppressed.
(34.1) Explain the meaning of 'censor'. 1
(i) Censor means tracking of all books and newspaper published.
(ii) It means controlling the publication of books and newspapers that
are critical of government policies.
(iii)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be explained.
(34.2) Why did the colonial administration keep an eye on books and 1
newspapers?
(i) Several books and newspapers were critical of the Britishers
misrule and encouraged nationalist activities.
(ii) Vernacular press was assertively nationalist.
(iii) The colonial government kept an eye on books and newspapers
because the government wanted to supress print and passed
numerous laws to control the press.
(iv) These books and newspapers created a sense of unity amongst
Indians.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be explained.

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 (34.3) Why did Gandhiji start a nationwide Satyagraha against the 2
Rowlatt Act? Explain any two reasons.
(i) The Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to
repress political activities.
(ii) The act allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial
for two years.
(iii) Any other relevant point.
Any two point to be explained.

35 Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: 26 P
An Experiment in Brazil
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary
experiment in combining decentralisation with participative
democracy. The city has set up a parallel organisation operating
alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real
decisions for their city. The nearly 13 lakh people in this city get to
participate in making the budget for their own city. The city is divided
into many sectors or what we call wards. Each sector has a meeting,
like that of the gram sabha, in which anyone living in that area can
participate. There are some meetings to discuss issues that affect the
entire city. Any citizen of the city can participate in those meetings. The
budget of the city is discussed in these meetings. The proposals are put
to the municipality that takes a final decision about it.
(35.1) Explain the meaning of 'participatory democracy'. 1
(i) Participatory democracy means participation or direct involvement
in decision making process.

(35.2) In the context of separation of powers, the given example 1

defines which type of government?
(i) Local Self Government.

(35.3) Describe the structure of the system in India which is almost 2

similar to the above example of Brazil.
(i) Local Self Government- Panchayati Raj, Municipality and
Municipal Corporation.

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 (ii) All bodies of Local Self Government are elected by the people.
(iii) Gram Sabha in the Gram Panchayat where people of that area
participate directly.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be described.
36 Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: 47 E
Loans from Cooperatives
Besides banks, the other major source of cheap credit in rural areas are
the cooperative societies (or cooperatives). Members of a cooperative
pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas. There are several
types of cooperatives possible such as farmers cooperatives, weavers
cooperatives, industrial workers cooperatives, etc. Krishak
Cooperative functions in a village not very far away from Sonpur. It
has 2300 farmers as members. It accepts deposits from its members.
With these deposits as collateral, the Cooperative has obtained a large
loan from the bank. These funds are used to provide loans to members.
Once these loans are repaid, another round of lending can take place.
Krishak Cooperative provides loans for the purchase of agricultural
implements, loans for cultivation and agricultural trade, fishery loans,
loans for construction of houses and for a variety of other expenses.
(36.1) Cooperative societies come under which source of credit? 1
(i) Formal sources of credit
(36.2) Mention any two sources of capital of cooperative societies. ½+½= 1
(i) Deposits from the members of the cooperative
(ii) With the deposit as collateral the co-opearatives obtain large loans
from banks.
(iii) Interest earned on loans given by Cooperatives.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be mentioned.
(36.3) Explain the role of cooperative societies in increasing the 2
income of farmers.
(i) Co-operative societies provide loans on low interest rates which
can be further used for increasing crop production.
(ii) They also give interest on deposits. This promotes small saving
habits for the farmers.

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 (iii) Co-operatives provide loans for variety of expenses such as the
purchase of agricultural implements fisheries loans etc. which
further leads to increase the income of farmers.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.

Section F (2+3=5)
(Map Skill-Based Question)
37 (a) Two places 8A9 and 8B9 have been marked on the given political 2x1=2
outline map of India (on page 27). Identify them with the help of
the following information and write their correct names on the
lines drawn near them.
A. The place where the session of the Indian National Congress was
held in 1920. Nagpur
B. The place where Gandhiji started Dandi March. Sabarmati
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (a)
(a)(i) Name the place where the session of Indian National Congress
was held in 1920.
2x1=2
Nagpur/Kolkata (Calcutta)
(ii) Name the place where Gandhiji started Dandi March.
Sabarmati
(b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label any three
of the following with suitable symbols:
(i) Leading state in production of Jute- West Bengal
(ii) Atomic Power Plant located in Gujarat- Kakrapara
(iii) Iron and Steel Plant located in Jharkhand-Bokaro/Jamshedpur
(iv) Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport-Amritsar
3x1=3
Note-For answers, see the attached map.
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (b)
(b)Attempt any three questions.
(i) Name the leading state in production of Jute.
West Bengal
(ii) Name the place where an Atomic Power Plant is located in
Gujarat.
Kakrapara
(iii)Name the place where an iron and Steel Plant is located in 3x1=3
Jharkhand.
Bokaro/ Jamshedpur
(iv) Name the place where Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport
is located.
Amritsar
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 18

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 Marking Scheme
Class X -Social Science (087)
SET-32/2/2
SET -2 MM-80
[Link]. Values Points Page Marks-
No.
Section A (20X1=
Multiple Choice Question 20)

1 (D) China 50, P 1

2 (D) I, II and III 4,P 1

3 (A)Union List Subjects- Communications 16- 1

(C)Concurrent List Subject-Adoption
17, P
(Both options to be considered.)
4 (D)Secular 37, P 1
5 (C) I-c, II-a, III-b, IV-d 34- 1
35, G
6 (D)Alluvial Soil 7, G 1
7 (A)Natural Gas 52, G 1
8 (B) Sudarshan Chakra Sachhi Kavitayen 126, 1
(D) Kashi Baba-Chhote Bade Sawal
(Both options to be considered.) H

9 (C) IV, I, II &III 1

10 (C) Romanticist 14, H 1
11 (C) Assessment of Body Composition 13, E 1
12 (B) I-c, II-d, III-a, IV-b 64, E 1
13 (D)To support economic growth 42, E 1
14 (C)Unorganized Sector 31, E 1
For V.I. Candidate- (B)Multinational Corporations
15 (C)Tertiary Sector-Astronaut 21, E 1
16 (A)Rs.4,000 9, E 1
17 (B)7 7, E 1
18 (D)Odia 22, P 1

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19 (C)Rule of people with freedom 1
20 (A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 22, H 1
Section B (4X2= 8)
Very Short Answer Type Questions

21 How is horizontal power sharing different from vertical? Explain. 8, P 2X1=2

Horizontal power sharing
(i) Power is shared among different organs of the government such as
legislature, executive and judiciary.
(ii) It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to
exercise different powers.
(iii) Such a separation ensures that none of the organ exercises unlimited
powers.

Vertical Power Sharing

(i) Powers is shared among governments at different levels such as
General or Union Government for the entire country and government
at provincial or regional level.
(ii) The constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of
government. This is called federal division of power.
(iii) Different level exercise their powers independent of each other.
(iv) Any other relevant point of difference.
Any two points to be explained.

22 Conservative regimes setup in Europe in 1815 were autocratic. Support the 11, H 2X1=2
statement by giving any two arguments.

(i) Conservatives wanted to restore traditional institutions of state and

society.

(ii) Conservative regimes did not tolerate criticism and dissent.

(iii) They sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of these
governments.
(iv) Most of them imposed censorship laws to control what was said in
newspaper, books etc.

(v) Any other relevant point.

Any two arguments to be mentioned.

23 (a) Differentiate between Intensive Subsistence and Plantation Farming. 35, G 2X1=2

Intensive subsistence farming:

(i) This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure
on land.
(ii) It is labour –intensive.

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 (iii) Biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production.
(iv) Farmers take maximum output from the limited land in the absence
of alternative sources.
(v) Enormous pressure on land.
(vi) Produce is used for their local consumption.
(vii) Any other relevant point to be considered.

Plantation Farming:
(i) It is a type of commercial farming.
(ii) In this type of farming single crop is grown on a large area.
(iii) It is capital intensive
(iv) Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Chemicals and
fertilisers are used.
(v) Practised on large tracts of land.
(vi) All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
(vii) Any other relevant point to be considered.
Any two points of difference to be explained

OR 36, G
(b) Differentiate between Kharif and Zaid cropping seasons.
(b) Kharif Cropping Season:
(i) Crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country
and these are harvested in September-October.
(ii) Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur
(arhar), moong, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.
(iii)Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal,
coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar.
(iv) Kharif crops require hot weather and good rainfall.
(v) Any other relevant point to be considered.
Zaid Cropping Season:
(i)In between the rabi and the kharif cropping seasons, there is a short season during
the summer months known as the Zaid season.
(ii) Some of the crops produced during Zaid season are watermelon, muskmelon,
cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane takes almost a year to grow.
(iii) Major crops, a variety of food and non- food crops, are grown in different parts
of the country depending upon the variations in soil, climate and cultivation
practices.
(iv) Any other relevant point to be considered.
Any two points of difference to be explained.

24 ‘Different people have different notions of development. Explain the statement 4-5, 2X1=2
giving examples. E
(i) Different people have different notion of development because their

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 life situations are different.
(ii) The development for one may not be development for the other.
(iii) Some are rich and some are poor. They think about things which are
important for them. Poor people will think about basic needs such as
food, clothing etc.
(iv) Developmental goal for a prosperous farmer may be assured high
family income through higher support prices, whereas the
developmental goal for a poor farmer who depends on rain for
growing crops, irrigation facilities may be more important.
(v) Any other relevant point to be considered.

Any two points to be explained.

Section C (5X3=15)
Short Answer Type Questions

25 (a) How was the silk route an example of vibrant pre- modern trade? Explain. 54, H 3X1=3
(i) There were several silk routes over land and sea, knitting together vast regions
of Asia with Europe and Northern Africa.
(ii) West bound Chinese silk cargoes passed through these routes.
(iii)Chinese pottery, textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia travelled the
silk routes.
(iv)In return, Precious metals-gold and silver-flowed from Europe to Asia.

(v)Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained.
3X1=3
OR
54-
(a) How did food promote long distance cultural contacts in the pre-
modern world? Explain. 55, H
(i) Traders and travelers introduced new foods/crops to the lands they
travelled.
(ii) Noodles travelled from China to western countries to become spaghetti.
(iii) Arab traders took pasta to Sicily (now parts of Italy)
(iv) Potatoes, tomatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, chillies, sweet potatoes etc.
were introduced in Europe and Asia after discovery of the Americas.
(v) Many of our common foods came from America’s original inhabitants-
the American Indians.

(vi) Any other relevant point.

Any three points to be explained.
26 ‘Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of an economic 65, G 3X1=3
development.’ Justify the statement.

Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and

economic development.

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 (i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture,
which forms the backbone of our economy.
(ii) They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by
providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty.
(iv) It aims at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in
tribal and backward areas.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(vi) Brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(vii) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of
finished goods of higher value are prosperous.
(viii) Any other relevant point to be considered.
Any three points to be explained.

27 “Tertiary sector has a pivotal role in the economy of the country”. Support 24- 3X1=3
your answer with day-to-day examples.
26, E
(i) Tertiary sector is the third category of activities after primary and
secondary sectors.
(ii) The activities of tertiary sector help in the development of the primary
and tertiary sector.
(iii) These activities by themselves do not produce a good but they are an aid
or a support for the production process.
(iv) Tertiary sector provides services like transport, banking, communication,
storage, trade etc.
(v) Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary
sector is also called service sector. It includes some essential services
that may not directly help in production of goods. For traders and
doctors etc.
(vi) Tertiary sector provides employment to a large number of people.
(vii) The share of tertiary sector in GDP is the highest in our country.
(viii) Tertiary sector also helps in bringing the much required foreign reserves.
(ix) Any other relevant point.
Any three examples to be explained.
28 Explain any three responsibilities carried out by the political parties in a 48- 3X1=3
democracy.
49, P
(i) Political Parties contest elections.
(ii) Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters
choose from them.
(iii) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
(iv) Parties form and run the government.
(v) Parties recruit and train the leaders.
(vi) Parties play the role of opposition.
(vii) Parties shape public opinion.
(viii) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare
schemes implemented by governments.
(ix) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

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29 Give any three suggestions to increase the employment in rural society and 27-29 3X1=3
explain them. E
(i) Banks and Cooperatives should provide cheap and easy loans to
farmers for buying inputs.
(ii) Construction of Dams and Canals for irrigation
(iii) By improving transportation and storage facilities.
(iv) Setting up industries in semi-rural areas. Eg. dal mill, honey
collection centres etc.
(v) Developing schools and health centres.
(vi) By promoting tourism and local crafts
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

Section D (4X5=20)
Long Answer Type Questions

30 (a) The Gandhian idea of Satyagraha emphasize the power of truth and 31, H 5X1=5
struggle against injustice. Explain the statement with example.
(i) The idea of satyagraha highlighted the power of truth and the need to
search for the truth.
(ii) Satyagraha was a novel method of mass agitation,
(iii) It stressed the principle of truth, tolerance, non-violence and peaceful
protests.
(iv) Satyagraha according to Gandhiji is not physical force but requires
intense activity.
(v) The idea was to resist injustice without use of force.
(vi) Gandhiji made people aware of their rights and encouraged them to
fight for them without using violence.
(vii) He organized Satyagrahas against oppressive plantation system in
Champaran.
(viii) Organised satyagraha to help people in Kheda adversely affected by
crop failure who were demanding relaxation of revenue collection.
(ix) Organised satyagraha movement to help cotton mill workers in
Ahmedabad.
(x) Later, he extended the practice of satyagraha in all major movements
like Rowlatt Satyagraha, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil
Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement.
(xi) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

OR

(b) How did people belonging to different communities, regions and 47-
language group developer science of collective belonging in the late 19th
48, H
century India? Explain with examples.

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 (i) With the growth of nationalism, the identity of India was associated
with the image of Bharat Mata.
(ii) The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In
the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland.
Later it was included in his novel Anandmath and widely sung
during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.
(iii) During Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his
famous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is
portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and
spiritual.
(iv) Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive
Indian folklore.
(v) In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists like Rabindra Nath
Tagore and Natesa Sastri began recording folk tales sung by bards
and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.
(vi) It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover
one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past.
(vii) During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag was
designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of
British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and
Muslims.
(viii) Gandhiji designed a Swaraj flag. It was a tricolour flag with a
spinning wheel in the centre.
(ix) Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through
reinterpretation of History. By the end of the nineteenth century,
many Indians began feeling, that to instil a sense of pride in the
nation; Indian history had to be thought about differently and began
looking into the past to discover India’s great achievement.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

31 (a) How is energy a basic requirement for economic development? Explain 56, G 5X1=5
with examples.

(i) Every sector of national economy needs inputs of energy.

(ii) The economic development plans implemented since independence
necessarily required energy to remain operational.
(iii) As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily
rising.
(iv) Industries cannot run without energy
(v) Transport also needs energy.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

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 OR
49-
(b) How do minerals occur? Explain with examples.
(i) Minerals are usually found in ores. The term ore is used to describe an 50,G
accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.
(ii) Minerals are found in Igneous and Metamorphic rocks: Minerals may
occur in the cracks, cervices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are
called veins and the larger are called lodes. Major metallic minerals like tin,
zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and loads.
(iii) Sedimentary rocks: In these rocks a number of minerals occur in beds or layers.
They have been formed as a result copper of deposition, accumulation and
concentration in horizontal strata. Eg. coal and some forms of iron ore.
(iv) Occur as alluvial deposits: Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in
sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer
deposits’. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most important among such minerals.
(v)The ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals, but most of these are too
widely diffused to be of economic significance. Common salt, magnesium and
bromine are largely derived from ocean water.
(vi) Any other relevant point
Any five points to be explained.

32 (a) How are democratic governments accountable, responsive and legitimate? 65- 1x5=5
Explain.
66, P
(i) Decision making is based on deliberation and negotiation for better
decision making.
(ii) Follows norms and procedures.
(iii) Citizens provided rights and means to examine the process of decision
making.
(iv) Open public debates on major policies .
(v) Government is attentive to the needs of people.
(vi) People have right to choose their representatives through regular, free
and fair elections.
(vii) People have control over the rulers.
(viii) Any other relevant point

Any five points to be explained.

OR
(b) How does democracy promote social justice and equality?
Democracy tries to promote social justice and equality:
(i) Democracies develop a procedure to conduct their competition.
(ii) This reduces the possibility of discrimination and better accommodates
various social divisions.
(iii) Majority works with minority to represent the general view.
(iv) Democracies are better able to evolve mechanisms to handle and
negotiate the social differences, divisions and conflicts.
(v) Democracy recognises the principle of equality.
(vi) Equality before law again ensures equality and social justice.
(vii) Equality of opportunities and equal right to vote irrespective of class,

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 caste, gender etc.
(viii) Any other relevant point
Any five points to be explained.

33 (a) Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has 62- 5X1=5
stimulated the globalisation process. Explain the statement with examples.
63, E
i. Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has
stimulated the globalisation process.
ii. For instance, the past fifty years have seen several improvements in
transportation technology.
iii. This has made much faster delivery of goods across long distances possible
at lower costs.
iv. Even more remarkable have been the developments in information and
communication technology. In recent times, technology in the areas of
telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly.
v. Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile
phones, fax) are used to contact one another around the world.
vi. Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained
OR

56-
(b) Foreign trade and foreign investment policies are the aspects of
liberalization and globalisation. Explain the statement with examples. 61, E
Foreign Trade and Foreign investment are main channels of connecting countries.
(i) Foreign Trade creates opportunities for producers to reach beyond
domestic markets and invest outside for better returns.
(ii) Gives consumers more choices at less cost across the countries.
(iii) Liberal policies of government i.e. removing barriers on imports and
exports facilitate foreign trade and foreign investment.
(iv) Liberalisation leads to expansion of foreign trade resulting in connecting
of markets of various countries.
(v) Multinational Corporations expand their production and invest capital in
various countries and produce the goods globally.
(vi) For operating smoothly they need favourable government
policies(libaralisation).
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
Section E 3X4=12
CASE BASED QUESTIONS
(4X5=20)

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34 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that 22,P 1+1+2=4

follow:
Linguistic diversity of India
How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one
counts it. The latest information that we have is from the Census of India
held in 2011. This census recorded more than 1300 distinct languages were
grouped together under some major languages. For example, languages like
Bhojouri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani and many
others were grouped together under ‘Hindi’, Even after this grouping, the
Census found 121 major languages. Of these, 22 languages are now included
in the Eighth Schedule’. Others are called ‘Non-Scheduled Languages,’ In
terms of languages, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.

34.1 How many languages were recorded as mother tongues in the 2011
Census of India? (1)
The census of India recorded more than 1300 distinct languages as mother
tongues.

34.2 How were the languages grouped together in the Census report?(1)
The languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani
were grouped under the category of “Hindi”.
34.3 How does the inclusion of languages in the Eighth Schedule of the
Indian Constitution contribute to linguistic diversity? Explain.(2)
(i) It recognizes their cultural and linguistic significance.
(ii) It helps protect and promote these languages, ensuring that speakers have
access to education and government services in their native languages.
(iii)Most of these languages are also the official languages of their respective
states.
(iv)Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be mentioned
35 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: 127, 1+1+2=4
H
Print and Censorship

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 The power of the printed word is most often seen in the way governments seek to
regulate and suppress print. The colonial government kept continuous track of all
books and newspapers published in India and passed numerous laws to control
press.
During the First World War, under the Defense of India Rules, 22 newspapers had
to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government
orders. The Sedition Committee Report under Rowlatt in 1919 further strengthened
control that led to imposition of penalties on various newspapers. At the outbreak of
the Second World War, the Defense of India Act was passed, allowing censoring of
reports of war-related topics. All reports about Quit India Movement came under its
purview. In August 1942, about 90 newspapers were suppressed.
35.1 What method did the colonial government employ to keep track of Indian
newspapers?
(i) Colonial Government passed Vernacular Press Act and other rules to control the press.
(ii) Imposition of penalties.
(iii)Government kept regular track of the vernacular newspapers.
(iv)Censoring of reports of war related topics.
(v)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be mentioned
35.2 How did the colonial government’s laws affect the press?
(i) During the First World War, under the Defence of India Rules 22 newspapers
had to furnish securities and 18 of these shut down.
(ii)There were strong protest by Indians.
(iii)Liberty of Press was lost.
(iv)Many people were imprisoned when they broke these laws.
(v)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be mentioned.
35.3 Analyse the impact of ‘Sedition Committee’ on Newspapers. (2)
(i)When a report was judged as seditious, the newspaper was warned.
(ii)If the warning was ignored, the press was liable to be seized and the printing
machinery to be confiscated.
(iii)Any other relevant point.
36 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: 14, G 1+1+2=4

Project Tiger
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the

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authorities realized that the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an
estimated 55,000 at the turn of the 20th century. The major threats to tiger
population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat,
depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of
tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the
Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction. Since India
and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population
in the world, these two nations become prime targets for poaching and illegal
trading.
“Project Tiger”, one of the well published wildlife campaigns in the world, was
launched in 1973. Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to
save and endangered species but with equal importance as a means of
preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in
Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh
National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan,
Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some
examples of the tiger reserves in India.

36.1 Why was ‘Project Tiger’ considered a significant step for Tiger
Conservation?
(i)’Project Tiger’ is an effort to save a single species on a large scale.
(ii)Project aimed to address the decline in tiger numbers caused by threats like
poaching, habitat loss, depletion of prey species and human encroachment.
(iii)Played vital role in safeguarding the tiger population while indirectly protecting
entire ecosystems.
(iv)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be mentioned
36.2 What role did India play in the global tiger population?
(i) Wildlife Protection Act for protecting Habitat
(ii) Ban on hunting
(iii)Restriction on trade in wildlife
(iv)National Parks and Wildlife Santuary

(v)India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-third of the surviving tiger

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 population in the world.
(vi)Project Tiger was launched to protect tigers and their habitats.
(vii)There are 39 tiger reserves in India.
(viii)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be mentioned
36.3 Mention any two major threats to the wildlife species. (2)
(i) Poaching for trade: Illegal hunting of tigers for their valuable skin and bones
used in traditional medicines.
(ii) Habitat Loss: Human activities like deforestation, urban expansion and
agricultural activities etc.
(iii)Depletion of prey base species: Reduction in the number of animals that tiger
prey upon, resulting in food scarcity.
(iv)Any other relevant point.

Any two points to be mentioned.

Section F (2+3=5)
Map Based Questions

37 (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given political outline
map of India. Identify them with the help of the following information
and write correct names on the lines drawn near them:
(i) The place where Gandhiji broke Salt Law. 1
(ii) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held
in 1920. 1
(b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label any three of
the following with suitable symbols: 1x3=3
(i) Salal-Dam
(ii) Kalpakkam- Nuclear Power Plant
(iii) Bengaluru -Software Technology Park
(iv) Mormugao-Major Sea Port

Note: The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in 1x5=5

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lieu of Q. No. 37.
Attempt any five questions:
(37.1) Name the place where Gandhiji broke salt law.
Dandi
(37.2) Name the place where Indian National Congress Session was held in
1920.
September-1920-Nagpur
December-1920-Kolkata (Calcutta)
(37.3) Name the State where Tehri dam is located.
Uttrakhand
(37.4) Name the State where Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant is located.
Tamilnadu
(37.5) Name the State where Mormugao Sea Port is located.
Goa
(37.6) Name the State where Bengluru Software Technology Park is located.
Karnataka

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Click here to buy Latest Educart Class 10 Books - [Link]
 Marking Scheme
Class X -Social Science (087)
SET-32/3/2
SET -2 MM-80
[Link]. Values Points Page Marks-
No.
Section A (20X1=20)
Multiple Choice Question

1 C – Reserve Bank of India 40 E 1

2 B – Nature of activities 20 E 1
3 A - 362255 41 E 1
Only for Visually Impaired Student

C - Bank 48 E
4 A – Country ‘A’ 13 E 1
5 B – The proportion of literate population in the seven years and above 10 E 1
6 D – Access to New markets 62 E 1
7 B – Supreme Court of India 21 P 1
8 C – I, III and IV 64 P 1
9 D – Through Election and Voter Support 49 P 1
10 C – Ensuring equal opportunities are rights for women. 31 P 1
11 B - I-b, II-c, III-a, IV- d 17 P 1
12 D - Rice 32 G 1
13 D - To use bamboo drip irrigation system 25 G 1
14 B - I, II, IV and III 44 H 1
15 C - Only I, II and III are correct 54 H 1
16 C - Gross Domestic Product 10 E 1
17 D - Accommodating linguistic and regional interest. 4P 1

18 A - Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 10 H 1
19 B - I-d, II-c, III-b, IV-a 45-45G 1
20 C - Raja Ram Mohan Roy 121 H 1

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 Section B (4X2=8)
Very Short Answer Type Questions
21 Trade and Cultural exchange always went hand in hand.” Explain the 54 H 2X1=2
statement in the context of pre-modern world.
I. In the pre-modern world trade route such as silk routes facilitated the
exchange of goods, ideas and technologies are vast distances.
II. The silk routes are examples of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural
link between distant parts of the world.
III. Food offers many examples of long distance cultural exchange.
IV. Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.
22 “Role of women is gradually enhancing in the politics of the country.” 33 P 2X1=2
Examine the statement.
i. Women representation are ensured in our democratic processes.
ii. 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendment have given 33% reservation
to women at local level.
iii. Due to education and training more women are coming forward to
take part in policy making process in the country.
iv. Women are heading panchayats.
v. Women are heading the posts of President and Cabinet Minister in
India, as well as Chief Ministers of various states.
vi. Indian voters have elected women to numerous state legislative
assemblies and national parliament of many decades.
vii. Any other relevant points.
Any two points to be examined.

23 (a) Suggest any two ways to solve the problem of land degradation. 6G 2X1=2
i. Afforestation and proper management of posture.
ii. Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on overgrazing,
stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the
methods to check land degradation in arid areas.
iii. Proper management of waste lands.
iv. Control of mining activities.
v. Proper discharge and disposal of industries effluents and wastes after
treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and
suburban areas.
vi. Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.
OR
(b) Suggest any two ways for the conservation of resources.
i. Avoid over utilization of Resources. 3G 2X1=2
ii. Recycle of Resources.
iii. Reduce wastage of resources.
iv. Judicious use of resources.
v. Any other relevant point.
4

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 Any two points to be suggested.
24 How does the United Nations Development Program’s (UNDP's) 13 E 2X1=2
development criteria differ from the World Bank? Explain.
i. The World Bank uses GDP and per capita income to measure
development.
ii. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) uses the
criterion of Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the
development of countries based on the educational levels of the
people, their health status and per capital income.
iii. Any other relevant points.
Any two points to be explained.
Section C (5X3=15)
Short Answer Type Questions
25 “The development process of India has experienced transformation due 65 G 3X1=3
to the significant influence of information technology (I.T) and electronic
industry.” Explain the statement with examples.
i. The electronics industry covers a wide range of product from
transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone
exchange, radar, computers and many other equipment’s required by
telecommunication industry.
ii. Bengaluru has emerges as the electronic capital of India.
iii. Other important centers for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi,
Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.
iv. The speedy communication has given boost to India’s contact with
the outside world.
v. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation.
vi. The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the
success of IT industry.
vii. Development of satellite technology.
viii. Due to information technology and electronic industry trade and
commerce are expanding.
ix. Expansion of diversified Manufacturing Industries.
x. It helps in providing economic strength of nation.
xi. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

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26 (a) Analyse the process of German unification. 19 H 3X1=3
i. Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle- class German,
who in 1848 tried to unite the different regions of German
confederation into a nation – state governed by elected parliament.
ii. This liberal initiative to nation – building was, however, repressed by
the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by
the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia.
iii. Three –wars over seven years – with Austria, Demark and France –
ended in Prussian victory and completed process of Unification.
iv. On 18 January 1871, the Prussia king, Kaiser William I was
proclaimed German emperor is a ceremony held at Versailles.
v. The nation – building process in Germany had demonstrated the
dominance of Prussian state power.
vi. Any other relevant point.
To be assessed as a whole.
OR
20 H 3X1=3
(b) Analyse the process of Italian unification.
i. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into
seven states, of which one Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian
princely house.
ii. During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a
coherent Programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
iii. Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the region of
Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
iv. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by
Cavour, Sardinia – Piedmont succeeded in defeating Austrian forces
in 1859.
v. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of United Italy.
vi. Any other relevant point.
To be assessed as a whole.
27 Describe any three challenges faced by the Political Parties. 57 P 3X1=3
i. Lack of internal democracy within parties
ii. Political parties do not conduct regular internal elections and do not
hold meetings.
iii. Dynastic Succession
iv. Growing role of money and muscle power in parties
v. Lack of Meaningful choice to the Voters
vi. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.
28 Why is cheap and affordable credit important for the country’s 49 E 3X1=3
development? Explain the statement.
i Cheap and affordable credit would lead to higher income.

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 ii If the credit is affordable then many people could borrow to fulfil
variety of needs.
iii People could grow crops, do business etc.
iv People could set up new industries or trade in goods.
v Banks and Cooperatives should increase their lending particularly
in the rural areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of
credit reduces.
vi It is important that the formal credit is distributed both in rural and
urban area so that the poor can benefit from the cheaper loans.
vii Any other relevant point
Any three points to be explained.
29 Examine the role of Tertiary sector in the development. 25 E 3X1=3
i. Tertiary sector is a basic or service sector which includes services
like hospitals, transportation, educational institutions etc.
ii. The activities of tertiary sector help in the development of the
primary and the secondary sectors.
iii. These activities aid or a support for the production process.
iv. It helps to increase the Per Capita Income.
v. Many new services are rapidly added in the service sector.
vi. Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be examined.
Section D (4X5=20)
Long Answer Type Questions
30 (a) “Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is also its outcome 64 P 5X1=5
and it cannot be ignored.” Explain the statement.
Over a hundred countries of the world today claim and practice some kind
of democratic politics.
i. Promotes equality.
ii. Enhances the dignity
iii. Improves the quality of decision making
iv. Provides methods to resolve conflicts
v. Reduction of inequality and poverty
vi. Accommodation of social diversity
Any Five points to be Explained.
OR
(b) “Democratic systems are based on political equality.” Explain the
71 P 5X1=5
statement.
i. Promotes equality among citizens
ii. Individual have equal weight of electing government
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 iii. Enhance the dignity of the individual
iv. Improve the quality of decision making
v. Provides a method of resolve conflict
vi. Allow room to correct mistakes
vii. Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
viii. Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be Explained.
31 (a) Explain the features of Commercial Framing. 31 G 5X1=5
I. The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher
doses of modern inputs.
II. HYV seeds, Chemical fertilizers insecticides and pesticides are
required to obtain higher productivity.
III. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from one
region to another.
IV. For Example: Rice is commercial crop in Haryana but in Odisha, it
is subsistence crop.
V. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming.
VI. Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
VII. Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
OR
(b) Explain the features of Primitive Subsistence Farming.
I. Primitive subsistence farming is practiced on small patches of 30 G 5X1=5
land.
II. Primitive tools like Hoe, Dao and digging sticks are used.
III. This type of farming depends upon monsoons.
IV. It is depends on natural fertility of soil.
V. In some areas it is known as slash and burn agriculture.
VI. It is known with different names in different parts of the worlds.
VII. Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
32 (a) There were variety of cultural process is through which Indian 47 H 5x1=5
nationalism captured people imaginations. Explain the statement with
examples.
i. With the growth of nationalism the identity of India associated with
the image of Bharat Mata.
ii. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In
the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland.
Later it was included in his novel Anandmath and widely sung
during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.
iii. During Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his
famous image of Bhart Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is
portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and
spiritual.

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 iv. Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive
Indian folklore.
v. In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists like Rabindra Nath
Tagore and Natesa Sastri began recording folk tales sung by bards
and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.
vi. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover
one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past.
vii. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag was
designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British
India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.
viii. Gandhiji designed a Swaraj flag. It was a tricolour flag with a
spinning wheel in the centre.
ix. Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through
reinterpretation of History. By the end of the nineteenth century,
many Indians began feeling, that to instil a sense of pride in the
nation; Indian history had to be thought about differently and began
looking into the past to discover India’s great achievement.
x. Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be Explained.
41 P 5x1=5
OR
(b) How were the various social groups involved in the Civil
Disobedience movement? Explain with examples.
(i) In the countryside: Rich peasant communities like the patidars of
Gujarat and Jats of UP were active in the movement. They were hard
hit by the trade depression and found it impossible to pay the
government’s revenue demand.
(ii) Poor Peasants: Many poor peasants were tenants cultivating the
rented land from landlords. Depression made it difficult for them to
pay the rents. They wanted the unpaid rents to the landlords to remit.
(iii) Merchants and Industralists: They opposed the colonial policies that
restricted business activities. They wanted protection against imports
of foreign goods and a rupee – sterling foreign exchange ratio that
would discourage imports.
(iv) Industrial workers: Industrial working class did not participate
enthusiastically except in Nagpur. They organized movements
against low wagers and poor working condition. There were strikes
by railway workers and dock workers.
(v) Women: women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt
and picketed foreign clothes and liquor shops. Many went to Jail.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be Explained.
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33 (a) Analyse the role of liberalization in the globalisation. 62 E 5X1=5
i. Removing barriers or restrictions set by government is known as
liberalization.
ii. Liberalization of trade, business are allowed to make decisions
freely.
iii. It has promoted free import.
iv. It has promoted free export
v. Starting around 1991, Indian government made some far – reaching
changes in policy.
vi. Foreign companies could set up factories.
vii. Foreign investment are encouraged.
viii. Enable the use of latest Technology
ix. Local companies can works as a MNC’s.
x. Production of services can be spread easily.
xi. Foreign trade can be integrated.
xii. It strength the production and market
xiii. Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be analyzed.
OR

62 E 5X1=5
(b) Examine five factors to promote the process of globalisation.

i. Technology has stimulated the process.

ii. Telecommunication facilities (Telephone, fax, emails, satellites
technology)
iii. Transportation facilities
iv. Liberalization of foreign trade.
v. Foreign investment Policy.
vi. Flexibility in labor law.
vii. Setting up Industrial Zone (SEZs).
viii. New opportunities have been created for companies.
ix. Any other relevant point.

Any five points to be examined.

Section E 3X4=12
CASE BASED QUESTIONS
(4X5=20)
34 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions 11 P 1+1+2=4

that follow:

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 Panchayati Raj
"Panchayati Raj we need to give more power to the panchayats to
realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hobs of the makers of
our constitution panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. IT
restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy
in the hands of the people. Giving power to panchayat is only a way
to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When
people participate in the planning and implementation of development
exercise greater control over these scheme of our democracy."

34.1 How does giving power to Panchayats relate to the vision of

Mahatma Gandhi? 1
i. The passage highlights that giving power to Panchayats aligns with
the dreams of Mahatma Gandhi and the intentions of Constitution and
framers.
ii. It enables true democracy by involving the people in decision –
making and governance.
iii. Any other relevant point
Any one points
34.2 Explain the primary objective of giving power to the Panchayats . 1
i. The primary objective of giving more power to the panchayats is to
realize the vision of Mahatma Gandhi and the aspirations of the
makers of the Constitution.
ii. This aims to establish true democracy and place power in the hands
of the people.
iii. Giving knowledge of democratic processes at the Grass root level.
iv. For political mobilization and political socialization for residing
issues at local levels.
v. Any other relevant point
Any one points
34.3 How does the establishment of Panchayati Raj contribute to
democracy? Explain. 2x1=2
i. Power to the people, where it rightfully belongs in a democratic
system.
ii. Promoting grassroots democratic governance.

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 iii. By involving the people in decision – making and governance.
iv. People participate in the planning and implementation of
development schemes.
v. They gain greater control over these schemes.
vi. This involvement can naturally lead to increased accountability.
vii. Any other relevant points
Any two points to be explained
35 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: 122 H 1+1+2=4

Why Newspaper?
"Krishna ji trimbak Ranade inhabited of Pune intense to publish a newspaper
in the Marathi language with a view of a fooding useful information on every
topic of local interest. It will be open for free discussion on subjects of general
utility scientific investigation and the speculations connected with the
antiquities statistics history and geography of the country and of the Deccan
specially the patronage and support of all interested in the diffusion of
knowledge and welfare of the people is earnestly solicited.
Bombay Telegraph and Courier, 6 January, 1849
'the task of the native newspapers and political associations is identical to the
role of the opposition in the house of commons in parliament in England.
That is of critically examination government policy to suggest improvement
by removing those parts that will not be to the benefit of the people and also
by insuring speedy implementation.
These associations out to carefully study the particular issues gather diverse
relevant information on the no nation as well as on what are the possible and
desirable improvements and this will surely earn it considerable influence.

35.1 Analyse the primary objective proposed by Ranade for publishing

Marathi Language newspapers. 1
i. Providing useful information on topics of local interest.
ii. Allowing free discussion on subjects of general utilities.
iii. Scientific investigation.
iv. Speculations related to antiquities and etc.
v. Any other relevant point
Any One point to be analyzed
35.2 Why did the Bombay Telegraph emphasize the role of newspaper in
promoting welfare of Deccan region? 1
i. Providing valuable information on a wide range of subjects.

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 ii. Encouraging open discussion on important topics.
iii. Seeking patronage and support from individual’s interest in spreading
knowledge and promoting the welfare of the people.
iv. Any other relevant point
Any One point to be mentioned

34.3 What were the key responsibilities attributed to native

newspapers? Mention any two. 2X1=2
i. Studying specific issues in depth.
ii. Gathering diverse and relevant information about the nation and
potential improvements.
iii. Utilizing their influence to advocate for positive changes in
government policies.
iv. Any other relevant point
Any two point to be explained

36 Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow: 17G 1+1+2=4

Sacred Groves – A wealth of diverse and rare species

Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all
creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved
several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of
God and Goddesses). These patches of forester parts of large forests have
been left untouched by the loca lpeople and any interference with them is
banned. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they havepreserved
from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region
worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) andkadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba)
trees, and the tribals ofOdisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus
indica) andmango (mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of
us,peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.
Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional
methods of conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often
ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely
protected. You will find troops of macaques and langurs around many

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 temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and
around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai
and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody
harms them.
36.1 How does sacred groves relate to the belief in nature worship?
1
i. The concept of ‘Sacred Groves’ refers to patches of untouched,
pristine forests that are preserved in nature worship.
ii. There groves are considered sacred and are protected by local
communities as they believe that all creations of nature must be
safeguarded.
iii. In these areas human interference is banned to maintain the sanctity
of natural environment. The groves exemplify the deep-rooted
connection between nature worship and environment conservation.
iv. Any other relevant points
Any one Point

36.2 How do communities incorporate trees into their culture

practices? 1
i. Certain societies express reverence for specific trees by incorporating
them into their cultural practices.
ii. The Mundas and Santhal tribes worship the mahua and kadamba
trees, respectively, during ceremonies.
iii. During weddings, the tribes in Odisha and Bihar hold special
reverence for tamarind beliefs, reflecting a harmonious relationship
between natures.
iv. Any other relevant points
Any one Point

36.3 Explain the culture values that contribute to the coexistence of

nature. 2X1=2
i. Animals like blackbucks, nilgai and peacocks hold significance for
the Bishnoi communities in Rajasthan.

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 ii. They are considered integral to the community and way of life,
representing a harmonious relationship with nature.
iii. The Bishnois follow the principle of and Jeev daya; (compassion for
all living beings) and have a strong cultural commitment to protect
animals and the environment.
iv. This coexistence is driven by their religious beliefs and values that
prioritize the well – being of all creatures.
v. Any other relevant points
Any two points to be mentioned.

Section F (2+3=5)
Map Based Questions

37
Two places ‘A’ and ‘B’ have been marked on the given Political outline
map of India. Identify them with the help of the following information and
write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
i. The place where Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place. 1
ii. The place where Session of Indian National Congress was held in 1
1927.
Please see the attached Map.
On the same Political outline map of India, locate and label any three of the 1x3=3
following with suitable symbols:
i. Bhakra Nangal – Dam
ii. Noida – Software Technology Park
iii. Tarapur – Nuclear Power Plant
iv. Haldia – Sea Port
Please see the attached Map.
1x5=5
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of [Link]. 37.
i. Name the place where Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
Amritsar/Punjab

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 ii. Name the place where the Indian National Congress Session was
held in 1927.
Madras/Chennai
iii. Name the state where Bhakra Nangal dam is located.
Punjab/Himachal Pradesh
iv. Name the state where Tarapur Nuclear Plant is located.
Maharashtra
v. Name the state Noida Software Technology Park is located.
Uttar Pradesh
vi. Name the state where Haldia Sea Port is located.
Kolkata

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 17

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