DISPENSING OF SOLUTIONS

Freshly and Recently Prepared

 The direction, given under the heading Extemporaneous
Preparation, that a preparation must be freshly prepared
indicates that it must be made not more than 24 hours
before it is issued for use.
 The direction that a preparation should be recently

prepared indicates that deterioration is likely if the

preparation is stored for longer than about 4 weeks at
15°C -25°C.
(Ref. B.P. 2009)
 SOLUTION

Definition:
❑ A solution is a homogenous liquid preparation that
contains one or more dissolved medicaments.
 No need for shaking when dispensing the solution.
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
 Oral: ❑ Local action in other body
▪ Mixtures cavities:
▪ Elixirs ▪ Douches

▪ Linctuses ▪ Enemas

▪ Draughts ▪ Ear drops

▪ Syrups ▪ Nasal drops

▪ Paediatric Drops ▪ Nasal sprays

 Local action in mouth and Application on body

surfaces:
throat:
▪ Collodians
▪ Mouth washes
▪ Liniments
▪ Gargles
▪ Lotions
▪ Throat paints
▪ Paints
▪ Throat Sprays
 Oral Solutions vs tablets and
capsules
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Easy to swallow  Less stable
 Fast and predictable  Bulky
action  Not all the tastes can be
 Elegant easily masked
 Uniform dosages  Need administration
 Safe for drugs causing
device(spoon)
gastric irritation in dry  Breakage lead to mess
form like KI, KBr and loss of contents
DISPENSING OF MIXTURES

 Mixtures are seldom formulated for long life because

they are mainly prescribed for acute conditions such as
cough, , indigestion, diarrhea and constipation for which
a short period of treatment is often adequate.
 Contain multiple ingredients
 Less stable - Short life because deterioration is likely if
they are stored longer than a few weeks even under room
temperature.
 Freshly prepared
 Stating Expiry:
▪ Mostly a month
▪ Preferable only 15 days supply should be issued
▪ Expiry is based on the date of issue
▪ Last date of use may be two days after the last dose time
particularly in case of few mixtures such as gentian mixture,
alkaline with phenobarbitone B.P.C.
STATEMENTS USED FOR EXPIRY

 Discard any unused part on the 15th January 2011.

 Do not use after 15th January 2011
 Do not write as:
χ Expiry Date: 15-1-2011
χ Do not use after 15 days of issue of this medicine
DILUTION AT THE TIME OF DISPENSING

 If dose is not the exact multiple of a 5ml spoon?

 There is nothing like
 Half teaspoonful
 On describing half the lower and upper half are difficult to identify if
marking is not provided
 Upper half is broader and lower is deeper
 Dilution of the mixture with diluent advised by BPC are used.
 Dilution directories are also used.
 Dilutions may reduce the stability of preparation, it should be
carried out immediately before issue.
 Amount of diluent is adjusted according to dose advised.
 Wrong diluent might reduce stability or adversely affect flavor.
RULES FOR DISPENSING ORAL MIXTURES

• Dispense for fifteen days only

Rule 1 • Recall the patient for remaining doses if required

• Adjust dose to administer dose as multiples of 5ml spoon

Rule 2

• Use the officially advised diluents only

Rule 3 • Consult product monograph, BPC, dictionary of diluents
 DISPENSING MIXTURES

CASE #1:
 Rx
Choral Hydrate Mixture B.P.C. 100ml
For a child of one year
Dose: 2.5ml at night
 Pharmacist Work up (PW):
 Rule 1: Calculate No. of doses in 100ml:
 100/2.5=40
This is 40 days supply
 Rule 2:
 Making dose equal to 5ml by diluting 2.5ml dose to 5ml. The total volume to be
dispensed against this order is 40 * 5ml = 200ml ( double dilution is needed
here)
 Rule 3:
 Choose diluents advised by BPC is 1 part simple syrup diluted with 4 parts water
CALCULATIONS:

 Calculate doses as for batches of two weeks supply( as not more than
2 week supply of a diluted mixture may be issued at one time).
 5x14= 70ml

 70+70+ 60= 200ml

 Ask patient to return for further supplies of 70 and 60 ml at 14

days intervals.
 Label and dispense
 Counsel the patient for dose, precautions, revisit time and storage
 Store in a dark cupboard
GENERAL FORMULATION OF MIXTURES

1. VEHICLE:
 The vehicle is the medium in which ingredients of medicine are dissolved or
dispersed.
 WATER
 Either potable water freshly drawn direct from the public supply and
suitable for drinking or
 Freshly boiled and cooled Purified Water
should be used if the public supply is from a local storage tank or if the
potable water is unsuitable for a particular preparation.
 AN AROMATIC WATER
▪ Flavoring, therapeutic agent, preservative action
▪ Diluted from concentrates
▪ Nowadays concentrates are directly use in the official formulae
 A MEDICAMENT
▪ Where vehicle has therapeutic activity
o Compound Gentian Infusion, to stimulate appetite
o Orange Peel Infusion as carminative
o Senega Infusion as expectorant
 AROMATIC WATERS
Aromatic Concentrated Preparation Use

Concentrated Anise Water Flavor, Carminative, Mild expectorant

Concentrated Camphor Water Flavor

Carminative
Mild expectorant
Concentrated Caraway Water Flavor
Carminative
Mild expectorant
Concentrated Cinnamon Water Flavor
Carminative
Mild expectorant
Concentrated Dill Water Flavor
Carminative
Concentrated Peppermint Water Flavor
Carminative
Weak preservative
ADJUNCTS USED IN MIXTURES

▪ CHEMICAL STABLIZERS
▪ Only antioxidants and reducing agents are represented.
▪ Ascorbic Acid (0.1%) for Ferrous Sulphate Mixtures
▪ Sod. Metabisulphite (0.1%) for Sod. Salicylate Mixture
▪ COLOURS (coloured medicaments)
▪ FLAVOURS
▪ Aromatic waters- popularly anise water
▪ Syrup/glycerol- for sweetening pediatric preparations.
▪ Liquorice Liquid extract- for masking taste of saline ingredients such as
NH4 salts and alkali iodide in cough mixtures.
▪ Lemon Spirit- to cover taste of alkaline citrate
▪ Orange Syrup and Compound Orange Spirit- to mask metallic and
astringent taste of iron salts in children mixtures.
PRESERVATIVES

 CHLOROFORM (0.25%v/v)
 esp. for vegetable extract

 BENZOIC ACID (0.1%w/v)

 Effective in acid preparation of pH 5or below but not in neutral or
alkaline soln.
 Slightly and slowly soluble in water

 Stock solution prepared in water:

◼ 5% Benzoic Acid
◼ 75% propylene glycol
 PEPPERMINT WATER ( antimicrobial activity)
 PEPPERMINT OIL
 preserved with 0.25% Chloroform
1-MIXTURES WITH LIQUIDS ONLY

 200ml GENTIAN AND ACID MIXTURE B.N.F

 LABEL: Two 5ml spoonful to be taken three times a day.
 FORMULA: official for 200ml
Dil. Hydrochloric Acid 0.5ml 10ml
Conc. Compound Gentian Infusion 1ml 20ml
Chloroform Water Double Strength 5ml 100ml
Water , to make 10ml 200ml
 STORAGE:
 Store in a cool place ( contain chloroform).
 CONTAINER:
 Narrow mouthed, plain, colourless bottle with screw cap.
 EXPIRY:
 One month
 DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
 Take 5ml spoonfuls to be taken THREE times a day in water
 IMPORTANT:
 Provide patient with 5ml spoon
 LABEL:
 Also place patient name and address.
 Auxiliary label:
Shake the bottle(diluted Infusion)
 LABEL:
THE MIXTURE
Two 5 ml spoonfuls to be taken Three
times a day in water.
Discard any unused part on June 7th 2015.
07. 05. 2015 Mr. W. Brown
Name and address of pharmacy
DISPENSING OF ELIXIRS
ELIXIRS
 ELIXIRS:
Clear, ORAL, LIQUID of potent(antibiotics, sedatives and antihistamines)
and nauseous drugs, Pleasantly flavored and attractively colored.
 Contain potent substances
 Palatable, mostly stable if properly packed or stored, can have shelf life of 2
years.
 Pleasantly Flavored
 CLEAR PRODUCT: clarity is achieved by careful choice of vehicle &
method preparation.
 A few must be RECENTLY PREPARED:
 Chloral Elixir, Paediatric
 Rule for dispensing Mixtures also apply here but the diluent is always syrup
VEHICLE FOR ELIXIRS
 Clarity:
• Faint opalescence by Flavoring agents containing essential oils and
light precipitates from vegetable extracts is not acceptable in elixirs.
• 10-20% alcohol is used.
 but needs to be kept low because of physiological activity,
burning( in high concentration), accentuates salty tastes of Br-, I-
 Glycerol prevents ppt. of veg. extracts

e.g., Cascara Elixir contains tannins

 Alcohol is avoided in pediatric elixirs and syrup is used

 Medicaments of low water solubility:

 Phenobarbitone insoluble in water but gives clear product by
dissolving it in alcohol and then diluting with glycerol and water.
 • 1 part of Paracetamol is soluble in:
70 parts of water
7parts of alcohol
9 parts of propylene glycol
40 parts of glycerol
 Vehicle for Paracetamol Elixir is the mixture of all of these
 Use of Isoalcoholic elixirs (8-10%), (73-78%)
 Propylene glycol is useful solvent for essential oils and water
insoluble organic chemicals.
 Palatability:
 Syrup/ flavoured syrup
ADJUNCTS IN ELIXIRS

 Chemical Stabilizers:
 Solvents are stabilizers

 Additional stability is sometime required

◼ Citric acid for Neomycin to lower pH to 4-5

◼ Di [Link] in antibiotic to sequester heavy metals
 Flavoring Agents:
 Sweetening agents

◼ Sucrose, glycerol, invert syrup, saccharin sodium

 Fruits flavors

 Liquorice and aromatic vehicles are less used

 Preservatives:
➢ Alcohol inhibitory to mould growth and fermentation.
➢ Syrup in large amounts is inhibitory to many organisms.
➢ Additional preservatives include.
Chloroform water double strength
Spirit
Benzoic acids
 ADJUNCTS IN ELIXIRS
COLORING AGENT FRUIT FLAVOURS PRESERVATIVES
Solution Elixir Flavor Elixir In Elixirs
Amaranth Paracetamol Black currant Chloral Syrup, Paeds Alcohol
(Magenta Streptomycin Syrup Propylene glycol
Glycerol
Red) Conc. Raspberry Paracetamol Elixir, High osmolarity prep
with invert syrup Paeds
Comp. Ephedrine
Isoniazid
Lemon Spirit Ephedrine Elixir
Tartarazine Neomycin With syrup and Chloroform, Double Strength
(Saffron) Phenobarbitone invert syrup Chloroform, Spirit
(yellow) Comp. Orange Phenobarbitone Elixir Chloroform
Spirit with
Piperazine Citrate glycerol
Green S and Benzoic Acid
Tartarazine Citric Acid and Bitter taste of
(Green) Sodium Citrate barbiturates Methyl PHBA
EXAMPLE

 Rx-100ml Chloral Elixir, Paediatric B.P.C.

For a six month old child
Label: 2.5ml at night
 FORMULA: Official Qty Amount Used for 70ml
 Chloral Hydrate 40g 1.4ml
 Water 20ml 0.7ml
 Black currant Syrup200ml 7.0ml
 Syrup, to 1000ml 70.0ml
STORAGE: Light resistant container or labeled
stored in dark cupboard
 METHOD:
 Calibrate bottle using 70ml water and marking the meniscus with
sticking tape/label
 Preparation is made in bottle(cz of viscosity its difficult to drain the
preparation out of the measure)
 Add water using 1ml graduated pipette.
 Weigh Chloral Hydrate, get it checked and do not powder it cz.
Its readily soluble in water.
It volatilizes in air
Crystals are easier to transfer than powder
Solvent is mainly syrup not water so impractical to rinse pan.
 Dissolve in water and add Blackcurrant syrup
 Rinse the measure with syrup till no color remains.
 Adjust volume with syrup and shake well.
DISPENSING OF LINCTUSES
LINCTUSES
 Used for treatment of cough, contain sedative or expectorants.
 vehicle is ALWAYS SYRUP
 Should be taken undiluted to obtain prolonged local action.
 To be sipped and swallowed slowly.
 The usual dose is 5ml and part doses must be diluted to the
volume.
 Diluent is syrup except codeine linctus for diabetic pt. chloroform
water is used.
 Do not dispense more than 14 days supply.
 Dilutions must be prepared freshly.
Linctuses in B.P. 2007
 Codeine Linctus
 Methadone
 Pholcodine
 Simple
 Squill, opiate
 Tolu, compd.
FORMULATION
VEHICLES:
 Syrup B.P for most linctuses.
 Tolu syrup is preferred in cough preparations.
 Because of low water contents, dissolution of medicament is low. So
most linctuses have some water or other liquid ingredients in which
medicament is dissolved and then add syrup.
 In codeine linctus, diabetic the syrup is replaced by sorbital soln.
ADJUNCTS:
Chemical stabilizers:
 Invert sugar in syrup reduces oxidative degradation of
flavouring and colouring agents.
Colouring agents:
 Coal tar dyes

 Compound tartrazine solution.

Flavouring agents:
 Vehicles used in linctuses play imp. Role in Masking Taste.

 Other flavouring agents include fruit syrup: lemon and

blackcurrant.
Preservatives:
 Linctus containing aq. Soln or made with sorbital soln. Support
microbial growth, preservatives in this case are
➢ Chloroform spirit and

➢ benzoic acid
Storage:
 At constant temp. in well closed container

Label:
 To be sipped and swallowed slowly without adding water

EXAMPLE:
 Codeine linctus, pediatric B.P.C

 For a four year old child.

 Label: 10ml t.d.s

DISPENSING OF DRAUGHTS
DRAUGHTS
 Single dose liquid preparation (usual volume is 50ml).
 Supplied in single dose container.
 Ipecacuanha Emetic Draught B.P.C has smaller dose and supplied in
multiple dose containers.
 Male Fern Draught B.P.C
 Paraldehyde Draught B.P.C:
➢ Prepared by dissolving medicament in water.
➢ Sweetened with syrup.
➢ And flavoured with liquorice liquid extract.
❑ Stored in well closed container (50ml volume).
❑ Discard if it becomes discolored or odour of acetic acid is produced.
 Label emphasize storage conditions.
 If only one dose is prescribed , very early expiry should
given e.g. 48 hrs from date of dispensing.
 Mixing of paraldehyde.
 PAEDIATRIC DROPS:

 The direction that ,if necessary, a preparation is diluted so

that dose is in 5ml does not apply to certain preparations. e.g.
 Indomethacin mixture
 Nystatin mixture
 Digoxin elixir
 Paracetamol elixir
 Because stability of preparation is seriously affected by
dilution or a large dose would be inappropriate
 Use of these preparations in infants require two method
➢ Use of dropper graduated in fractions of ml.
➢ Use of precaliberated dropper.
DISPENSING OF
GARGLES
GARGLES
 Used for treatment of throat and Mouth(soreness).
 Diluted before use and not to be swallowed,
 Contain antiseptic( a bactericide: phenol or thymol),
 local anesthetic effect
 astringent agents( potassium chlorate).
 Distinct containers and clear labeling.
EXAMPLES:
 Phenol Gargle (amaranth soln. As colorant) ,
 Pot. Chlorate and Phenol Gargle (patent blue V)
 Thymol Glycerin, Compound .
 Glycerin of Thymol
Contains 15 ingredients

Add to alcohol
Thymol Menthol Cineole Methyl Pumilio Pine
Salicylate oil

Talc /Kaolin
Let undissolved volatile ingredients Filter, then add color
adsorbed

Water base
Borax [Link] Sod. Meta glycerol
bisulphite
STORAGE:
 A colourless fluted bottle is used

 Light resistant bottle in case of Pot. Chlorate and Phenol

Gargle.
 Dilution 10 times of its volume with water. Label for
this dilution is
 Three 5ml spoonful to be added to half a tumblerful
of warm water.
 Auxiliary label: Not to be swallowed in large quantities.
DISPENSING OF
MOUTHWASHES
MOUTHWASHES
 Used to cleanse and deodorise buccal cavity.
 Refreshing particularly bed ridden patients.
 Contain antibacterial agents e.g.
➢ Alkaline phenol mouthwash
➢ Hydrogen peroxide mouthwash
➢ Buffered sodium per borate mouthwash
 Astringents e.g. Zinc sulphate and Zinc chloride mouthwash
 Compound Sodium Chloride Mouthwash
➢ contain sodium chloride
➢ Sodium bicarbonate in peppermint and chloroform waters.
 Stored in colourless fluted bottle.
 The instructions for use: Three 5ml spoonful to be added to half a tumblerful of
warm water.
 Protection from light is unnecessary.
EXAMPLE:
 200ml Zinc sulphate and Zinc chloride mouthwash B.P.C
 Label to be diluted with four times its vol. of warm water before use.
 FORMULA:
 Zinc sulphate
 Zinc chloride
 Diluted Hcl
 Compound tartrazine soln.
 Chloroform water, double strength.
 water
DISPENSING OF
THROAT PAINTS
THROAT PAINTS
 Used for treatment of throat and Mouth infections.
➢ Compound Iodine Paint (Mandl’s Paint) for pharyngitis and
tonsillitis.
➢ Crystal Violet Paint for thrush.
➢ Glycerins:
Phenol Glycerin (analgesic effect in tonsillitis and
stomatitis).
Tannic Acid Glycerin ( astringent action relives sore
throat).
 Dispense in wide mouthed container and supply with throat
brush.
Mandl’s Paint
 Label: The throat paint.
 Prepare in excess (high viscosity)
 Prepare as bulk stock
 This preparation may be dispensed from a bulk stock made
previously.
 Use glass pan or watch glass for weighing iodine
 Avoid contact with plastic surfaces
 Transfer to final container by difference
 Use a wide mouthed, light resistant, screw capped jar.
 Expiry date: one month
Order of Ingredients Amount for 1L
mixing for 40ml
2 Potassium Iodide 25g 1g
3 Iodine 12.5g 0.5g
4a Alcohol 90% 40ml 1.6ml
4b Peppermint Oil 4ml 0.16 ml
1 Water 25ml 1ml
5 Glycerol, to 1000ml 40ml

Labels:
•Store in a Cool Place
•Shake the Bottle
•Not to be Swallowed in Large Amounts
THROAT SPRAYS
 Containing antibiotics and used for conditions such as pharyngitis and
tonsillitis and mostly intended to medicate lungs.
 Contain propylene glycol or glycerol, reducing agent(sodium
metabisulphate) , preservatives(antibacterial, antifungal e.g., chlorobutol)
 Dispensed in atomiser
- special type (nabulizer) deeper parts
- scent-spray type atomiser for superficial
parts( upper part of respiratory tract)
 Official preparations is Adrenaline and atropine spray, compound, B.P.C.
bronchial relaxant used to relieve asthma.
 Container: Use a fluted narrow mouthed, light resistant, screw
capped bottle. Well filled container
 EXPIRY DATES
Internal Preparations Date
Diluted Mixtures, elixirs and linctuses 14 days from the date of issue
Recently prepared undiluted preparations 1 month from the date of issue

Freshly Prepared undiluted Preparations Two days after the date on which the
preparation should have been completely
used according to label instructions

External Preparations(creams, lotions & Date

ointments)
Diluted Official preparations 1 month from the date of issue
Diluted Proprietary Preparations 14days from the date of issue
Recently prepared undiluted preparations 1 month from the date of issue

Freshly Prepared undiluted Preparations 1 week from the date of issue

SOLUTIONS INSTILLED INTO
BODY CAVATIES:
DOUCHES
DOUCHES
 A douche is medicated soln. For rinsing body cavity.
➢ Vaginal douches
➢ For irrigation of bladder Or in rectum
➢ Nasal douches
 USED AS:
➢ Cleansing agents(isotonic Nacl soln.)
➢ Antiseptics (chlorhexidine 0.02 %, lactic acid 0.5-2 %)
➢ Astringents ( alum 1%)
➢ Supply as concentrates and dilute with suitable volume ( 1 – 2 L)
of warm water before use.
➢ Container: rigid polyvinyl chloride container(douche can).
EAR DROPS
 Simple solutions.
 For treating
- Infections (e.g, Chloremphenicol)
- Softening wax (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, sod. Bicaronate)
- Cleanisng (e.g., spirit)
- Drying weeping surfaces (e.g., astringent aluminium acetate)
- Antisepsis and anaesthetics (e.g., Phenol)
 Vehicle
Usually Water, glycerol, propylene glycol
 Official preparation
- Phenol ear drops, chloremphenicol ear drops
- Container: coloured flutted glass bottle
NASAL DROPS

 Ephedrine nasal drops B.P.C

 Cillial effect should not disturbed
- iso-osmotic solution ( 0.9% Nacl)
- Buffer (Phosphate buffer 6.5 pH)
- Solution of similar viscosity of mucous( 0.5%
methylcellulose)
NASAL SPRAYS

 Use to reduce nasal congestion and to treat infection.

 Aim: retain solution in nasal tract so a coarse spray is
used.
 Spray produce from scent-spray type of atomizer.
 Oily preparations should be avoided.
ENEMAS
 Enemas are aqueous or oily soln. or suspensions.
that are introduce into rectum for cleansing, therapeutic or diagnostic
purpose.
 Cleansing preparations are used to evacuate feces in constipation or before
operation.
They act by 2 ways:
1..By stimulating peristalsis.
a) volume is large
Plain water(large volume 0.5 to 1 L)
Soap and turpentine enemas.
b) Cause osmotic retention of water in bowel.
Volume is small e.g. Sodium phosphate enema
 2. By lubricating impacted feces.
e.g. olive oil and arachis oil enema.
 Therapeutic enemas used as:

Sedatives- chloral hydrate

for ulcerative colitis- Corticosteroids
 Containers:

 Large volume enemas administered from douche cans.

 Warm to body temp. before use.

 Small volume enemas: are in disposable polythene or polyvinyl

chloride bag.
 LABEL: Not to be taken and For rectal use only
SOLUTIONS FOR
EXTERNAL USE
COLLODIONS
 Fluid preparations for external use
Applied with brush or rod, vehicle being the volatile
solvent leaving behind a flexible film.
 Two official collodions

➢ Flexible collodion B.P(solution of pyroxylin, colophony

and caster oil in a mixture of ether and alcohol).

➢ Salicylic acid collodion B.P.C (used as corn and wart

solvent)
 Preparation of collodion :
The solution is made by shaking the ingredients in a closed
container, allowing to stand for a few days while impurities settle
and then because the solution is too volatile for filtration,
decanting the supernatant liquid.
o Storage:

Pyroxylin is kept moist with methylated spirit, ‘store in a cool place’

o Packaging:

Well closed, light resistant containers.

o Labelling:

‘for external use only’, highly inflammable, keep away from naked
flame’, ‘store in a cool place’.
LINIMENTS
 Fluid, semi-fluid, semi-solid intended for application to the skin,
may be alcoholic, oily solutions.
 Stimulating preparations applied vigorously.
 Massaged on the skin.
 Some are applied on a warm dressing or with a brush.
 Rubificient, counter-irritant, analgesic, soothing action.
 Not applied on broken skin.
 Official preparation
o Soap liniments B.P.C, camphor liniment B.P.
 Vehicle
➢ Alcohol,(Soap liniments B.P.C)
➢ Oil(camphor liniment B.P., Methyl salicylate B.P.C).
Alcohol:
 aids penetration of medicament in to skin and potentiate Counter-irritant and
rubefacient action of liniments.
 Counterirritants mask pain from Mask pain from neuralgia, sciatica and fibrositis by
producing warmth and numbness when rubbed in to skin.
Oil:
 Bland oil such as arachis oil cotton seed oil are less irritant than alcohol and
spread more easily on skin.
 Spreading of alcoholic liniments can be improved by including soap,(soap
liniments) , used for sprain and bruises.
LABEL
 ‘For external use only’ ‘Not to be applied on wounds or broken skin’ ‘store in a
cool place’, ‘inflammable’.
LOTIONS
 Lotions have soothing action and are applied by dabbing or after
spreading on dressing.
 Half of the official lotions are solutions.
 FORMULATION
➢ Simple salts, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, lead sub
acetate(soluble in water),
➢ salicylic acid( soluble in alcohol).
 Vehicle
➢ Water, alcohol.
➢ Most of the salts are soluble in water
➢ Alcohol Is added in aqueous solution to give soothing effect on
evaporation as in lead lotion.
 Official preparations:
➢ Lead lotions for sprain and bruises

➢ Copper and zinc sulphate for impetigo

➢ zinc sulphate and Salicylic acid for ulcers.

➢ Salicylic acid lotion for dandruff

➢ Salicylic acid and mercuric chloride lotion for follicular

infection.
o LABELLING

‘highly inflammable, keep away from flame’

‘for external use only’
PAINTS
 All the official paints are solutions
 Formulation

➢ Dyes e.g., crystal violet, magenta, brilliant green dye,

➢ Vehicle

Acetone, alcohol, water

 Official preparations

o Crystal violet paint(solvent is water).

o Brilliant green and crystal violet paint the dyes are soluble is
water but selected solvent is alcohol(50% of 90% alcohol)
because this preparation is used to sterilize the skin in
gynecology.
o Magenta paint for weeping fungal infection the solvent
is water but magenta dye is soluble in alcohol and acetone
but diluted with water to avoid irritation to broken
skin(weeping fungal infection) due to alcohol.
o Coal tar paint for psoriasis.
o Podophyllum paint to destroy warts.
Vehicle is compound benzion tincture (90%
alcohol)evaporates quickly leaving a resinous film over
the skin which must maintain medication over a long
period.
 LABELLING
➢ For all paints except throat paints ’for external use only’,
➢ Warning of Inflammability for all except magenta and
crystal violet paint.
➢ Podophyllum paint must carry warning that it is irritant
to eyes.