KVS (Chennai Region) — Class X Mathematics (Standard) — October
Monthly Exam (2025■26)
Step■by■Step Worked Solutions
SECTION A — Objective Type
Q1. Pencil shape
A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one end is a **cylinder + cone**. Reason: the
unsharpened portion is a cylinder and the sharpened tip forms a right circular cone.
Answer: (a)
Q2. Mean from Median & Mode
Empirical relation: Mode ≈ 3×Median − 2×Mean Given Median = 26, Mode = 29. 29 =
3×26 − 2×Mean ⇒ 29 = 78 − 2×Mean ⇒ 2×Mean = 49 ⇒ Mean = 24.5. Answer: (b)
24.5
Q3. Sum of circumferences
2πR■ + 2πR■ = 2πR ⇒ R■ + R■ = R. Answer: (a) R■ + R■ = R
Q4. Modal class upper limit
Frequencies: 17,12,13,8,10 — highest is 17 for 120–125. Upper limit = 125. Answer:
(c) 125
Q5. Mean using ∑f and ∑fx
∑f is sum of first 10 natural numbers = 55, and ∑fx = 120. Mean = ∑fx / ∑f = 120/55 =
2.18 (approx). Answer: (b) 2.18
Q6. Circumference equality
Given diameters 36 cm and 20 cm. π×36 + π×20 = 2πR ⇒ R = (36+20)/2 = 28 cm.
Answer: (c) 28 cm
Q7. Effect on Median
Adding a constant k (=2) to every observation shifts median by +k. Answer: (a)
Increased by 2
Q8. Ratio of curved surface areas of spheres
V■:V■ = 27:8 ⇒ r■:r■ = 3:2. Curved surface area ∝ r² ⇒ ratio = 9:4. Answer: (a) 9:4
Assertion–Reason
Q9.
Area swept by minute hand in 5 min forms a sector of 60°×(5/60)=30°. Area =
(θ/360)·πr² = (30/360)·π·7² = 49π/12 = 77/6 cm² (using π=22/7). Assertion is **true**.
Reason given is formula of arc length (θ/360)·2πr — it is **true** but does **not**
explain the area. Answer: (b) Both true, R not correct explanation.
Q10.
Two 12 cm cubes joined end■to■end form a 12×12×24 cuboid. S.A.(cuboid) =
2(lb+bh+hl) = 2(144+288+288) = 1440 cm². 2 × S.A.(one cube) = 2×6a² = 2×864 =
1728 cm² ≠ 1440, so Assertion is **false**. Reason (formula for cuboid S.A.) is **true**.
Answer: (d)
SECTION B — Short Answer
Q11. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends 60° at the centre. Find the sector area.
60°
Solution
Sector area = (θ/360)·πr² = (60/360)·π·21² = (1/6)·π·441 = 73.5π ≈ 230.9 cm². Answer:
73.5π cm² (≈ 230.9 cm²).
Q12. (i) If Mode = 34.5, find missing frequency x.
Solution (Mode for grouped data)
Assume modal class 30–40 with frequency x; f■=10 (20–30), f■=x (30–40), f■=8
(40–50), class size h=10, l=30. Mode = l + [(f■ − f■)/(2f■ − f■ − f■)]·h 34.5 = 30 +
[(x−10)/(2x−10−8)]·10 ⇒ 4.5 = 10(x−10)/(2x−18) ⇒ 9x − 81 = 10x − 100 ⇒ x = 19.
Answer: x = 19
(ii) OR Find the mean for the table: classes 0–10,10–20,20–30,30–40,40–50 with frequencies
9,12,15,10,14.
Mean (step■deviation)
Class midpoints: 5,15,25,35,45. ∑fx = 9·5 + 12·15 + 15·25 + 10·35 + 14·45 = 1580; ∑f =
60. Mean = 1580/60 = 26.33 (approx). Answer: 26.33
Q13. Find the capacity of a cylindrical tank (r = 70 cm, h = 1.2 m).
Solution
Convert h: 1.2 m = 120 cm. Volume = πr²h = π·70²·120 = 588000π cm³ = 588π L ≈ 1847
L. Answer: 588π L (≈ 1847 L)
SECTION C — 3■mark Questions
Q14. Regular pentagon inscribed in a circle (R = 5 cm). Find area of shaded part.
Method
Central angle per sector = 360°/5 = 72°. Area of each isosceles triangle at the centre =
(1/2)·R²·sin(72°) (using trigonometry) and area of each sector = (72°/360°)·πR². Shaded
area (as per paper figure) = 5 × [sector area − triangle area] or its complement,
depending on shading. Plug R=5 to compute numerically.
Q15. A cube of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. Find (i) greatest diameter of the
hemisphere, (ii) surface area of the solid.
d=7 cm
cube side 7 cm
Solution
(i) Greatest diameter equals cube side ⇒ d = 7 cm (r = 3.5 cm). (ii) Surface area =
S.A.(cube) − area of circular base covered + C.S.A.(hemisphere) = 6a² − πr² + 2πr² =
6·7² + πr² = 294 + π·(3.5)² = 294 + 38.5 = 332.5 cm² (using π=22/7). Answer: d = 7 cm;
S.A. = 332.5 cm²
SECTION D — Case Study (Outline Solutions)
Q16. Playground (outline)
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(14+7) = 42 units; subtract straight portions replaced by two
quadrants of radius 2 and add arc lengths accordingly. Total area of two quadrants =
area of a circle of radius 2 ⇒ 4π; add/subtract to rectangular area based on the exact
figure. Parking area (if rectangle) = 14×8.5 (adjust for any openings). Use the figure’s
actual dimensions to compute numerically.
Q17. A solid toy = hemisphere (r=2 cm) + right circular cone (h=2 cm, r=2 cm).
r=2
h=2
Solution
(i) Height of toy = r + h = 2 + 2 = 4 cm. (ii) Volume = V(hemisphere) + V(cone) = (2/3)πr³
+ (1/3)πr²h = (16/3)π + (8/3)π = 8π cm³. (iii) Cylinder circumscribing the toy has r=2, h=4
⇒ V(cyl)=πr²h=16π; difference = 16π − 8π = 8π cm³. OR If the cylinder circumscribes a
sphere (r=2): difference = 16π − (4/3)π(8) = (16/3)π cm³.
SECTION E — Long Answer
Q18. Inverted conical vessel (h=8 cm, r=5 cm) filled to brim. Lead shots are spheres of radius 0.5
cm. One■fourth of water overflows when shots are dropped. Find number of shots.
Filled to brim r=5 cm
h=8 cm
Solution
Volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h = (1/3)π·25·8 = (200/3)π cm³. Overflow = (1/4) of cone’s
volume = (50/3)π cm³. Volume per shot (sphere, r=0.5) = (4/3)πr³ = (4/3)π·0.125 =
(1/6)π cm³. Number = [(50/3)π] / [(1/6)π] = 100 shots. Answer: 100
Q19. If the median of the distribution is 28.5, find x and y.
Solution (Median for grouped data)
Total N = 60 ⇒ N/2 = 30. Median 28.5 lies in class 20–30 ⇒ l=20, h=10, f=20, c.f.
before = 5 + x. 28.5 = 20 + [(30 − (5 + x))/20]·10 ⇒ 8.5 = (25 − x)/2 ⇒ x = 8. Using total
frequency: 5 + x + 20 + 15 + y + 5 = 60 ⇒ x + y = 15 ⇒ y = 7. Answer: x = 8, y = 7