ST.
ANN`S SCHOOL AYOOR-2025-26
MODEL EXAMINATION -1
CLASS –X
Science (086)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80
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General Instructions:
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology, Section B is Chemistry and
Section C is Physics.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some-questions. A student is expected
to attempt only one of these questions.
SECTION-A
1. Stomata, the tiny pores on the surface of leaves, are crucial for a plant’s survival. What is 1
The Specific function of the guard cells that surround each stoma?
(a) To manufacture chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
(b) To regulate the opening and closing of the stomatal pore.
(c) To absorb water directly from the atmosphere.
(d) To provide physical strength to the leaf structure.
2. The human nervous system is a complex network responsible for coordination and 1
control. It is primarily divided into which two major parts?
(a) The Sensory System and the Motor System
(b) The Brain and the Spinal Cord
(c) The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
(d) The Voluntary System and the Involuntary System
3. The human female menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes that occurs 1
approximately every 28 days. What is the term for the event where a mature egg is
released from the ovary?
(a) Menstruation (b) Fertilization (c) Implantation (d) Ovulation
4. The common bread mould, Rhizopus, spreads rapidly under moist and warm conditions. How does it
primarily reproduce asexually? 1
(a) Through budding
(b) Through fragmentation
(c) Through vegetative propagation
(d) Through spore formation
5. In a simple aquatic food chain where algae are eaten by small fish, which are then eaten
by a large bird, which organism occupies the trophic level of a producer? 1
(a) Algae (b) Small fish (c) Large bird (d) Water
6. Consider the following statements about reproduction in flowering plants: 1
(i) Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma.
(ii) Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen between flowers of two different plants.
(iii) Fertilization is the fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete.
(iv) After fertilization, the ovule develops into the fruit.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) (i), (ii), and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv) only
(c) (i) and (iv) only
(d) All are correct.
7. The circulatory system contains different types of blood vessels. Which of the following is
a correct distinction between arteries and veins? 1
(a) Arteries always carry deoxygenated blood, while veins always carry oxygenated blood.
(b) Arteries have thin, non-elastic walls, while veins have thick, elastic walls.
(c) Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood towards the heart.
(d) Arteries are wide-lumened and have valves, while veins are narrow-lumened and do not.
8. Assertion (A) : In a pea plant heterozygous for height (Tt), the plant appears tall. 1
Reason (R) : An allele is called dominant if it expresses its trait even in the presence of an
alternative allele.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
9. Assertion (A) : The length and complexity of food chains in an ecosystem are generally 1
limited.
Reason (R) : According to the 10% law, only about 10% of the energy is transferred from
One trophic level to the next.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
10. The stomach produces highly corrosive hydrochloric acid, yet its own wall is not digested.
Give a biological reason for this. 2
11. Student to attempt either option A or B. 2
A. What is meant by ‘double circulation’ in the human heart? State one reason why it is a more
efficient system of circulation.
B. Explain the mechanism by which guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores.
12. In a food chain consisting of Grass ® Deer ® Lion, 20,000 J of energy was available to the 2
grass. How much energy would be available to the deer? State the law that governs the
transfer of energy in a food chain.
13. What is geotropism? Draw a neat, labelled diagram of a potted plant placed horizontally
to illustrate the response of its shoot and root to gravity. 3
14. Differentiate between inherited traits and acquired traits by giving two key differences. 3
State which of the two can be passed on to the next generation and why?
15. Observe the given sectional view of the human heart and the questions that follow. 3
A. What is the function of the muscular wall called the septum that divides the
heart?
B. What is the role of valves in the heart? What would happen if they did not
function correctly?
C. Trace the path of oxygenated blood starting from the lungs and ending at the body
tissues.
16. Attempt either sub part A or B 5
A. (i) Define vegetative propagation and list two natural methods of this type of
reproduction in plants.
(ii) State two advantages of using vegetative propagation for growing certain types
of plants.
(iii) Can plants like rose and jasmine grown by this method produce fruits and seeds?
Give a reason.
B. (i) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human male reproductive system.
(ii) Why testis are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?
(iii) State the function of the vas deferens.
SECTION-B
17. For the reaction of iron with steam, what are the correct values for the stoichiometric
Coefficients ‘p’ and ‘q’? 1
Equation :
pFe (s ) qH 2O (g ) → 2 Fe3O4 ( s) + 4H2(g )
(a) p = 1, q = 4 (b) p = 3, q = 1 (c) p = 3, q = 4 (d) p = 2, q = 4
18. The reaction of ethanol with sulphuric acid is an example of 1
(a) substitution (b)addition (c) oxidation (d) Dehydration
19. Which of the following non-metals is known to be lustrous, a property typically 1
characteristic of metals?
(a) Sulphur (b) Phosphorus (c) Bromine (d) Iodine
20. A farmer finds her soil to be too acidic (low pH). She decides to treat the soil with slaked 1
lime Ca(OH)2
What will be the effect of this action on the soil’s pH?
(a) The pH will decrease further. (b) The pH will remain unchanged.
(c) The pH will increase. (d) The soil will become water-logged.
21. An aqueous solution of baking soda is tested with litmus paper. The expected observation is that:
(a) Blue litmus turns red. (b) Red litmus turns blue. 1
(c) There is no change in either litmus paper. (d) Both litmus papers are bleached.
22. When an active metal like zinc reacts with a dilute strong acid like HCl, the gas produced is: 1
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Oxygen (c) Chlorine (d) Hydrogen
23. When an iron nail is dipped in copper sulphate solution, it results in 1
(a) Combination (b) Decomposition (c) Displacement (d) Double displacement
24. Assertion (A) : An aqueous solution of ethene (C2H4) will decolorize bromine water. 1
Reason (R) : Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and readily undergoes an addition
Reaction with bromine.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
25. Answer the following based on the physical states of elements: 2
(a) Name the only metal that is known to exist as a liquid at standard room temperature (25°C).
(b) Name the only non-metal that is known to exist as a liquid at standard room temperature b(25°C).
26. Attempt either option A or B. 3
(A) The method used to extract a metal from its ore is primarily determined by its
position in the reactivity series.
(i) Describe the general process used to extract metals of low reactivity
(e.g., Mercury) from their sulphide ores.
(ii) Which single process is employed to extract highly reactive metals like Sodium, Calcium,
and Aluminium?
(iii) Name the chemical substance most commonly used as a reducing agent for extracting
moderately reactive metals like Zinc and Iron.
(B) Electrolytic refining is a widely used method for obtaining metals of very high
purity. Consider the electrolytic refining of copper.
(i) What materials are chosen for the anode and the cathode in this process?
(ii) Name a suitable electrolyte that should be used.
(iii) During the process, impurities settle down below the anode. What is this
layer of impurities called?
27. In a laboratory activity, a student takes a small amount of green-coloured ferrous
sulphate heptahydrate (FeSO4 2. 7H O) crystals in a dry boiling tube and heats it over a flame. 3
(a) What is the first observable change in the colour of the crystals? What does this
change indicate?
(b) Upon stronger heating, which two gases are evolved? Describe the characteristic
smell of one of these gases.
(c) What is the colour and chemical name of the solid compound left behind in the
boiling tube after strong heating?
28. Attempt either option A or B. 4
A. a) Metal oxides are formed when metals react with oxygen. Their chemical nature
can vary by forming oxides
(i) Give an example of a metal oxide that is basic.
(ii) Give an example of a metal oxide that shows amphoteric behaviour.
(iii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction of an
amphoteric oxide with a strong acid and a strong base
B. The way metals react with water depends on their chemical reactivity.
(i) Name one metal that reacts violently with cold water, producing a flame.
(ii) Name a metal that does not react with cold or hot water but reacts only
with steam.
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron with steam.
(iv) Name one metal do not react with water
29. Attempt either option A or B. 5
(A) Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes are the three main classes of aliphatic
hydrocarbons.
(a) What is meant by a homologous series? List any two characteristics of the
members of such a series.
(b) Write the general formula for alkanes and alkynes.
(c) To which homologous series does the hydrocarbon with the formula
C4H8 belong? Draw the structure of one of its isomers.
(d) Explain how alkanes and alkenes generally burns ?
(B) Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a very useful industrial chemical.
(a) What is denatured alcohol, and what is its main purpose?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanol
and sodium metal.
(c) Ethanol is sometimes used as an additive in petrol. What is this mixture of
petrol and ethanol called?
(d) How ethanol can be converted into ethanoic acid?
(e) Draw the electron dot structure for the ethanol molecule.
SECTION-C
30. A student makes the following statements about the power of a lens: 1
I. The power of a lens is a measure of its degree of convergence or divergence.
II. A lens with a short focal length has a low power.
III. The S.I. unit of power of a lens is the dioptre (D).
Choose from the following the correct option that lists the correct statements.
(a) I and II (b) I and III
(c) I, II and III (d) II and III
31. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 30° with the normal. What is the angle
between the reflected ray and the plane mirror? 1
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 120°
32. Assertion (A) : A person with hypermetropia cannot see nearby objects clearly. 1
Reason (R) : The eyeball is too long and the focal length of the eye lens is too short.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
33. An object is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror as shown in the figure of focal
length 18cm. 3
A. Find the position of the image using the mirror formula.
B. Calculate the magnification produced.
C. State the nature of the image.
34. Attempt either option A or B 2
A. Two resistors of resistances 3 Ω and 6 Ω respectively are connected to a battery of 6 V so as to have
(a) Maximum resistance,
(b) Minimum Resistance
(i) How will you connect the resistances in each case ?
(ii) Calculate the strength of the current in the circuit in both cases.
B. Calculate the equivalent resistance from the following combination of resistors.
35. (a) State two main causes of developing far-sightedness. 3
(b) How can this defect of vision be corrected ?
36. Study the following circuit and answer the following questions : 3
(a) State the type of combination of the two resistors in the circuit.
(b) How much current is flowing through :
(i) 10 Ω and through,
(ii) 15 Ω resistors.
(c) What is the ammeter reading ?
37. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow : 3
(a) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a pattern?
(b) What does this pattern demonstrate ?
(c) Why do the iron filings near the bar magnet seem to align in the shape of closed
curves ?
38. A hand-held magnifying glass uses a single convex lens. When a small object is placed
between the lens and its principal focus, the lens forms an enlarged, upright image that
appears on the same side as the object. This helps in reading fine print and observing
small details in specimens. The magnification depends on the focal length of the lens
and how close the object is kept to it. 4
A. Which lens is used as a magnifying glass and why?
B. State the nature of the image obtained when the object is kept between the
optical centre and the focus of this lens.
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. A convex lens has focal length f =+ 12cm. An object is placed u =− 8cm from the
lens. Calculate the image distance v .
D. For the same situation, find the magnification and comment on the image size.
39. Attempt either option A or B 5
A (i) Suppose your parents have constructed a two room house and you want that in
the living room there should be a provision of one electric bulb, one electric fan,
and a plug point . Draw a circuit diagram showing electric fuse and earthing as
safety devices.
(ii) The given magnet is divided into three parts A, B and C
Name the parts where the strength of magnetic field is:
(a) maximum
(b) minimum
How will the density of magnetic field lines differ at these parts?
B. (i) What is the meaning of electric power of an electrical device? Write its S.I. unit.
(ii) An electric kettle of 2 kW is used for 2h. Calculate the energy consumed in
(a) kilowatt hour.
(b) Find the current if kettle works with PD of 220 V.