9

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Similar Triangles and Polygons
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Similar Triangles and Polygons
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take
time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the properties of congruent
figures. In this module you will learn to :

1. identify given triangles as similar, congruent or neither.

2. identify the corresponding angles and corresponding sides.
3. determine the unknown measure of the similar figures or triangle; and,
4. show enthusiasm in performing assigned tasks

Let Us Try
As you begin your journey in this module, let us check your prior knowledge
about similar polygons and come up with a general idea so as to be ready with the
activities ahead.
You have learned from our previous lessons that two triangles are said to be
similar when their corresponding sides are in proportion and their same angles are
congruent. This time, we will use different methods to prove similar triangles. The
following activities will help you identify and prove that the two triangles given are
similar.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Solve for the missing length.

a. 11 b. 10 c. 10.5 d. 12

2. Figure TQRS ∼ BCDE. Which of the following is a pair of corresponding sides?

a. TQ and BE c. RS and BC
b. TS and CD d. QR and CD

3. ABCDE ∼ GHJDF. Complete the statements.

a. ∠B; DC c. ∠E; DC
b. ∠E; AE d. ∠B; AE

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4. Which of the following is NOT true about similar figures?
a. Similar figures always have the same shape.
b. Similar figures always have the same size.
c. Similar figures always have corresponding angles that are equal.
d. Similar figures always have corresponding sides that are proportional.

5. The two rectangles are similar. Which is a correct proportion for corresponding
sides?

12 𝑥 12 𝑥 12 𝑥 4 𝑥
a. = b. = c. = d. =
8 4 4 8 4 20 12 12

6. Solve for x.

a. 5 b. 3 c. 12 d. 5.5

7. In the figure ABC ~ PQR. What is the value of x?

a. 4cm c. 4.8 cm
b. 4.5 cm d. 5cm

8. Find the value of x.

a. 29 b. 10 c. 15 d. 8

9. ABCD ~ WXYZ. AD = 6, DC = 3, and WZ = 59. Find YZ.

a. 118 c. 21.7
b. 29.5 d. 177

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10. Use the information in the diagram to determine the height of the tree.

a.80 feet c.320 feet

b.40 feet d.160 feet

11. The polygons are similar, but not necessarily drawn to scale. Find the values of
x and y.
11 59
a. 𝑥 = ,𝑦 =
2 4
11
b. 𝑥 = ; 𝑦 = 27
2
59
c. 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 =
4
d. 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 27

12. In the figure, ABC is similar to ______

a. BDC c. DBC
b. CDB d. CBD

13. In both figures, DE ∥ BC. Find EC and AD in the given figures.

a. EC = 2cm; AD = 2.4 cm
b. EC = 3cm; AD = 2.3 cm
c. EC = 2.5cm; AD = 2 cm
d. EC = 3.5cm; AD = 3cm

14. ∆ 𝐶𝑂𝐷 ~ ∆ 𝐻𝑂𝑊 because ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝐷 ∥ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑊 ,
which off the following is TRUE?

𝑂𝐷 𝑂𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝑊 𝐶𝐻 𝐻𝑊−𝐶𝐷
a. = 𝐶𝐻 = 𝐻𝑊 c. = 𝑂𝐻 =
𝐷𝑊 𝑂𝑊 𝐻𝑊

𝑂𝐷 𝑂𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝑂𝐷 𝑂𝐶 𝐶𝐷
b. = 𝑂𝐻 = 𝐻𝑊 d. = 𝐶𝐻 = 𝐻𝑊−𝐶𝐷
𝑂𝑊 𝐷𝑊

15. If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio then the line is
__________ to the third side.
a. parallel b. perpendicular c. coinciding d. intersecting

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16. In DEW, AB || EW if AD = 4 cm, DE = 12cm and DW = 24 cm. What is the
value of DB?
a. 4 cm b. 8 cm c. 12 cm d. 16 cm

17. ABC ~ DEF. If DE = 2, AB and BC = 3cm, then EF is equal to _______.

a. 1.5 cm b. 3 cm c. 2 cm d. 9 cm

18. In ΔABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such
that DE ∥ BC. If AD/DB = 3/4 and AC = 15 cm find AE.

a. 6.43 cm c. 6.20 cm
b. 6.41 cm d. 6.50 cm

19. Find the value of x

a. 29 b. 10 c. 4 d. 8

20. To measure the distance across a pond, a surveyor locates points A, B, C, D,

and E as shown. What is AB to the nearest meter?

a.10 m b.12 m c.15 m d.18 m

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 Let Us Study
Congruent means being exactly the same. When two line segments have the
same length, they are congruent. When two figures have the same shape and size,
they are congruent.

These two triangles are congruent. They are exactly the same in every way.
They are the same size and the same shape. Their side lengths are the same and that
their angle measures are the same. Sometimes, two figures will be similar. Similar
means that the figures have the same shape, but not the same size. Similar figures
are not congruent.

Have you ever seen siblings who look so alike that one seems to be a miniature
copy of the other? Similar polygons follow the same concept of being the same shape
but different in size. We can prove similarity in polygons, and there are several ways
to prove that triangles are similar. Similar polygons also have many properties and
relationships that can be used to solve problems.

Let us now learn the Basic Proportionality Theorem, its converse, and
segments cut by transversals and by angle bisector.

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 Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT).

Theorem. If a line intersects two sides of a triangle and is parallel to the third
side, then it divides the first two sides proportionally.

Illustration: In ∆XYZ, P and Q are points on XY and XZ respectively,

such that PQ ∥ YZ.

By applying BPT, we can formulate the

following proportions:

𝑿𝑷 𝑿𝑸 𝑿𝑷 𝑷𝒀
= OR =
𝑷𝒀 𝑸𝒁 𝑿𝑸 𝑸𝒁

Example 1: In the given figure, if XP = 6 cm, YP = 2 cm, XQ = 7.5 cm, find QZ.

Proportion:
𝑿𝑷 𝑿𝑸 𝑿𝑷 𝑷𝒀
= OR =
𝑷𝒀 𝑸𝒁 𝑿𝑸 𝑸𝒁

Solution:

𝑋𝑃 𝑋𝑄
= 𝑄𝑍 - similarity proportion
𝑃𝑌

6 7.5
= - substitute values XP = 6 cm, YP = 2 cm, XQ = 7.5 cm
2 𝑥

x (6) = 2 (7.5) - cross product property

𝑥 (6) 2(7.5)
= - simplify
6 6

x = 2.5 - answer

Thus, QZ is equal to 2.5 cm.

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Example 2: At a certain time of the day, a man, 6 feet tall, casts his shadow 8 feet
long. Find the length of the shadow cast by a building 45 feet high, at the same time.

Illustration: Let the length of the shadow of the building be x.

Proportion:

If:
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
=
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛

Then:
𝒀𝑿 𝒀𝒁
=
𝒀𝑷 𝒀𝑸

As the source of light is the sun and XZ ∥ PQ and, hence ∆YXZ ∼ ∆YPQ.

Solution:

𝑌𝑋 𝑌𝑍
= - similarity proportion
𝑌𝑃 𝑌𝑄

6 8
= - substitute values YX = 6, YP = 45, YZ = 8
45 𝑥

x (6) = 45 (8) - cross product property

𝑥(6) 45(8)
= - simplify
6 6

x = 60 - answer

Thus, the length of the shadow of the building is 60 feet.

Converse of the Basic Proportionality Theorem.

Theorem: If a line cuts two sided of a triangle in proportional segments, then the
line is parallel to the third side.

Illustration: ABC is a triangle and the line DE cuts the sides AB and AC
in equal proportion.

𝐀𝐃 𝐀𝐄
If = , then DE is parallel to BC.
𝐁𝐃 𝐂𝐄

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Example 3: In ∆ABC, D is a point on the side AB and E is a point on the side AC. And
the lengths AB = 10 inches, AC = 12 inches, AD = 5 inches, AE = 6 inches. Is the
line DE parallel to BC?

For us to determine if DE is parallel to BC, we

must prove that:

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
=
𝑩𝑫 𝑪𝑬

Solution:

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
Let us use the proportion = to prove that DE is parallel to BC. To do this,
𝑩𝑫 𝑪𝑬
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
we apply the Cross-Product Property which states that if = , then AD(CE)
𝑩𝑫 𝑪𝑬
is equal to BD (AE).

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
= - similarity proportion
𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐸

5 6
= - substitute given values
5 6

5(6) = 5(6) - cross product property

30 = 30 - the product of the means is equal to the product of the

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
extremes. Hence, the ratios and are proportional.
𝑩𝑫 𝑪𝑬

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
Since and are proportional, applying the converse of the basic
𝑩𝑫 𝑪𝑬
proportionality theorem, DE is parallel to BC.

Theorem: If three or more parallel lines are cut by two or more transversals, then
the segments cut off along the transversals are proportional.

Illustration: lines l, m and n are parallel to each other, and were cut by transversals
s and t

Proportion:
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃
= or =
𝒃 𝒅 𝒄 𝒅

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Example 4: Find a,b, and c.
Line up the segments that are opposite each other.

𝑎 2 2 4 2 3
= = =
9 3 3 𝑏 3 𝑐
3𝑎 = 18 2𝑏 = 12 2𝑐 = 9
3𝑎 18 2𝑏 12 2𝑐 9
= = =
3 3 2 2 2 2

a=6 b=6 c = 4.5

Example 5: Solve for the value of b.

To solve, set up a proportion.

12 𝑏
=
9.6 24

12(24) = 9.6(b)
b = 30

Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem (TABT)

Theorem: The bisector of an angle of a triangle separates the opposite side into
segments whose lengths are proportional to the lengths of the other two sides.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is an angle bisector of angle BAD.

Illustration: If △BAC≅△CAD, then 𝐴𝐶

By applying the TABT, we could formulate the following

proportion:
𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐷
𝐵𝐶
= 𝐴𝐵

Example 6: Find the value of y.

To solve, set up a proportion.

𝑦 20
=
28 − 𝑦 15

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 15𝑦 = 20(28 − 𝑦) - cross product property
15𝑦 = 560 − 20𝑦 - simplify
35𝑦 = 560
35𝑦 560
=
35 35
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 - answer

Example 7: Find the value of z.

Set up a proportion and solve.

𝑧 12
=
9−𝑧 15
15𝑧 = 12(9 − 𝑧) - cross product property
15𝑧 = 108 − 12 - simplify
27𝑧 = 108
27𝑧 108
=
27 27
𝒛=𝟒 - answer

Let Us Practice
Now that you have the knowledge in identifying similar polygons and triangles
using the different theorems, you are now ready to apply this to answer the activities.

̅̅̅̅̅ || 𝑽𝒁
A. Complete the following statements. 𝑾𝒀 ̅̅̅̅

1. △WXY ~ _____ 4. a = _____

8
6
2. = _____ 5. b = _____
𝑎 a 2
0
2 b
3.
𝑏
= _____

B. Use the figure to complete the following proportions.

̅̅̅̅ || 𝑭𝑪
Given: 𝑬𝑩 ̅̅̅̅ || 𝑮𝑫
̅̅̅̅
E A
F
G 𝐴𝐸 ? ? 𝐴𝐷
B 6. = 9. =
𝐸𝐹 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐹 𝐴𝐶

C 𝐸𝐹 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐷 𝐸𝐺
7. = 𝐶𝐷 10. = 𝐸𝐹
? ?
D
𝐴𝐹 ?
8. = 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐸

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 Let Us Practice More

A. Determine whether ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆.
1. 2.

B. Find what is asked in the problem.

In ⧍ ABC, DE ∥ BC, AB = 12, AD = 4, DE = 6, and AC = 24.
Find: 3. AE 4. BC

C. Find the value of x.

5. 6.

̅ bisects ∠𝐉 in ∆ 𝑯𝑱𝑲. Find the indicated length.

D. Given the 𝐉𝐋

7. HJ = 12, JK = 15, HL = 18. Find KL.

8. KL = 6, JK = 20, HJ = 14. Find HL.

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 Let Us Remember

➢ Two figures are said to be similar if they are the same shape. In more
mathematical language, two figures are similar if their corresponding angles
are congruent , and the ratios of the lengths of their corresponding sides are
equal
➢ Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT). If a line intersects two sides of a
triangle and is parallel to the third side, then it divides the first two sides
proportionally.
➢ Converse of the Basic Proportionality Theorem. If a line cuts two sided of a
triangle in proportional segments, then the line is parallel to the third side.
➢ Theorem: If three or more parallel lines are cut by two or more transversals,
then the segments cut off along the transversals are proportional.
➢ Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem (TABT). The bisector of an angle of a
triangle separates the opposite side into segments whose lengths are
proportional to the lengths of the other two sides.

Let Us Assess

Now that you have acquired the necessary skills in similar triangles and polygons,
let us assess your understanding by answering the activity.

Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer and write it on the space provided
before each number.

1. ABC ~ DEF. If DE = 2, AB and BC = 3cm, then EF is equal to _______.

a. 1.5 cm b. 3 cm c. 2 cm d. 9 cm

2. In DEW, AB || EW if AD = 4 cm, DE = 12cm and DW = 24 cm. What is the

value of DB?
a. 4 cm b. 8 cm c. 12 cm d. 16 cm

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3. In the figure, ABC is similar to ______

a. BDC c. DBC
b. CDB d. CBD

[Link] the figure ABC ~ PQR. What is the value of x?

a. 4cm c. 4.8 cm
b. 4.5 cm d. 5cm

5. ABCDE ∼ GHJDF. Complete the statements.

a. ∠B; DC c. ∠E; DC
b. ∠E; AE d. ∠B; AE

6. Figure TQRS ∼ BCDE. Which of the following is a pair of corresponding sides?

a. TQ and BE c. RS and BC
b. TS and CD d. QR and CD

7. The two rectangles are similar. Which is a correct proportion for corresponding
sides?

12 𝑥 12 𝑥 12 𝑥 4 𝑥
a. = b. = c. = d. =
8 4 4 8 4 20 12 12

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8. ABCD ~ WXYZ. AD = 6, DC = 3, and WZ = 59. Find YZ.

a. 118 c. 21.7
b. 29.5 d. 177

9. The polygons are similar, but not necessarily drawn to scale. Find the values of x
and y.
11 59
a. 𝑥 = ,𝑦 =
2 4
11
b. 𝑥 = ; 𝑦 = 27
2
59
c. 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 =
4
d. 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 27

10. In ΔABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such
that DE ∥ BC. If AD/DB = 3/4 and AC = 15 cm find AE.

a. 6.43 cm c. 6.20 cm
b. 6.41 cm d. 6.50 cm

11. In both figures, DE ∥ BC. Find EC and AD in the given figures.

a. EC = 2cm; AD = 2.4 cm
b. EC = 3cm; AD = 2.3 cm
c. EC = 2.5cm; AD = 2 cm
d. EC = 3.5cm; AD = 3cm

12. Solve for x.

a. 5 b. 3 c. 12 d. 5.5

13. Solve for the missing length.

a. 11 b. 10 c. 10.5 d. 12

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14. Find the value of x.

a. 29 b. 10 c. 15 d. 8

15. Find the value of x

a. 29 b. 10 c. 4 d. 8

16. Which of the following is NOT true about similar figures?

a. Similar figures always have the same shape.
b. Similar figures always have the same size.
c. Similar figures always have corresponding angles that are equal.
d. Similar figures always have corresponding sides that are proportional.

17. If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio then the line is
__________ to the third side.
a. parallel b. perpendicular c. coinciding d. intersecting

18. To measure the distance across a pond, a surveyor locates points A, B, C, D,

and E as shown. What is AB to the nearest meter?

a.10 m b.12 m c.15 m d.18 m

19. Use the information in the diagram to determine the height of the tree.

a.80 feet c.320 feet

b.40 feet d.160 feet

15