Unit 6 Equilibrium Practice Test Name __________________________________
AP Chemistry
H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g)
1. At 450oC, 2.0 moles each of H2(g), I2(g), and HI(g) are combined in a 1.0 L rigid container.
The value of Kc at 450oC is 50. Which of the following will occur as the system moves
toward equilibrium?
(A) More H2(g) and I2(g) will form.
(B) More HI(g) will form.
(C) The total pressure will decrease.
(D) No net reaction will occur, because the number of molecules is the same on both sides
of the equation.
Questions 2 – 6 refer to the following.
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
PCl5(g) decomposes into PCl3(g) and Cl2(g) according to the equation above. A
pure sample of PCl5(g) is placed in a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The
initial pressure of the PCl5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant
until the PCl5(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The
figures show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the system.
2. Which is the most likely cause for the increase in pressure observed in the
container as the reaction reaches equilibrium?
(A) A decrease in the strength of intermolecular attractions among molecules in the flask
(B) An increase in the strength of intermolecular attractions among molecules in the flask
(C) An increase in the number of molecules, which increases the frequency of collisions
with the walls of the container
(D) An increase in the speed of the molecules that then collide with the walls of the
container with greater force
3. As the reaction progresses toward equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction
(A) increases until it becomes the same as the reverse reaction rate at equilibrium
(B) stays constant before and after equilibrium is reached
(C) decreases to become a constant nonzero rate at equilibrium
(D) decreases to become zero at equilibrium
4. If the decomposition reaction were to go to completion, the total pressure in the container
would be
(A) 1.4 atm
(B) 2.0 atm
(C) 2.8 atm
(D) 3.0 atm
5. Which of the following statements about Kp, the equilibrium constant for the reaction, is
correct?
(A) Kp > 1
(B) Kp < 1
(C) Kp = 1
(D) It cannot be determined whether Kp > 1, Kp < 1, or Kp = 1 without additional
information.
6. Additional Cl2(g) is injected into the system at equilibrium. Which of the following graphs
best shows the rate of the reverse reaction as a function of time? (Assume that the time for
injection and mixing of the additional Cl2(g) is negligible.)
2 BaO2(s) 2 BaO(s) + O2(g) ΔHo = 162 kJ/molrxn
7. A sealed rigid vessel contains BaO2(s) in equilibrium with BaO(s) and O2(g) as represented
by the equation above. Which of the following changes will increase the amount of BaO2(s)
in the vessel?
(A) Removing a small amount of O2(g)
(B) Removing a small amount of BaO(s)
(C) Adding He gas to the vessel
(D) Lowering the temperature
8. Which of the systems in equilibrium represented below will exhibit a shift to the left (toward
reactants) when the pressure on the system is increased by reducing the volume of the
system? (Assume that temperature is constant.)
(A) SF4(g) + F2(g) SF6(g)
(B) H2(g) + Br2(g) 2 HBr(g)
(C) CaF2(s) Ca (aq) + 2 F–(aq)
2+
(D) SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
Questions 9 – 11 refer to the following information.
CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(g) ΔH < 0
The synthesis of CH3OH(g) from CO(g) and H2(g) is represented by the equation above. The
value of Kc for the reaction at 483 K is 14.5
9. Which of the following explains the effect on the equilibrium constant, Kc, when the
temperature of the reaction system is increased to 650 K?
(A) Kc will increase because the activation energy of the forward reaction increases more
than that of the reverse reaction.
(B) Kc will increase because there are more reactant molecules than product molecules.
(C) Kc will decrease because the reaction is exothermic.
(D) Kc is constant and will not change.
10.A 1.0 mol sample of CO(g) and a 1.0 mol sample of H2(g) are pumped into a rigid,
previously evacuated 2.0 L reaction vessel at 483 K. Which of the following is true at
equilibrium?
(A) [H2] = 2[CO]
(B) [H2] < [CO]
(C) [CO] = [CH3OH] < [H2]
(D) [CO] = [CH3OH] = [H2]
11.A mixture of CO(g) and H2(g) is pumped into a previously evacuated 2.0 L reaction vessel.
The total pressure of the reaction system is 1.2 atm at equilibrium. What will be the total
pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 L at constant
temperature?
(A) Less than 1.2 atm
(B) Greater than 1.2 atm but less than 2.4 atm
(C) 2.4 atm
(D) Greater than 2.4 atm
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) Kc = 6.5
[Link] a certain point in time, a 1.00 L rigid reaction vessel contains 1.5 mol of PCl3(g), 1.0 mol
of Cl2(g), and 2.5 mol of PCl5(g). Which of the following describes how the measured
pressure in the reaction vessel will change and why it will change that way as the reaction
system approaches equilibrium at constant temperature?
(A) The pressure will increase because Q < Kc.
(B) The pressure will increase because Q > Kc.
(C) The pressure will decrease because Q < Kc.
(D) The pressure will decrease because Q > Kc.
Questions 13 – 14 refer to the following experiment:
H2 gas and N2 gas were placed in a rigid vessel and
allowed to reach equilibrium in the presence of a
catalyst according to the following equation.
3 H2(g) + N2(g) 2 NH3(g)
The value of ΔHo for this reaction is equal to
–92 kJ/molrxn. The diagram shows how the
concentrations of H2, N2, and NH3 in this system
changed over time.
[Link] of the following was true for the system between time t1 and time t2 ?
(A) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions were equal.
(B) The temperature of the system decreased.
(C) The number of effective collisions between H2 and N2 was zero.
(D) The rate of formation of NH3 molecules was equal to the rate of disappearance of H2
molecules.
[Link] NH3 gas is added to the system at time t2 . Which of the following will most likely
occur as the system approaches equilibrium at constant temperature?
(A) [N2] will increase, and Kc will decrease.
(B) [N2] will decrease, and Kc will increase.
(C) [N2] will decrease, but Kc will remain constant.
(D) [N2] will increase, but Kc will remain constant.
Fe3+(aq) + SCN–(aq) Fe(SCN)2+(aq)
[Link] the reaction represented above, the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc, is 240 at 25oC.
From this information, correct deductions about the reaction at 25oC include which of the
following?
I. The reaction is quite rapid.
II. The product is favored over the reactants at equilibrium.
III. The reaction is endothermic.
(A) I. only (B) II. only (C) I. and II. only (D) II. and III. only
Sr2+(aq) + F–(aq) SrF+(aq)
[Link] 25oC, the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented above has a value of 1.3. At
50oC, the value of the equilibrium constant is less than 1.3. Based on this information, which
of the following must be correct?
(A) ΔHo for the reaction is positive.
(B) ΔHo for the reaction is negative.
(C) The reaction rate decreases as the temperature is increased.
(D) At 75oC, the value of the equilibrium constant will be greater than 1.3.
SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
1. A 4.32 g sample of liquid SO2Cl2 is placed in a rigid, evacuated 1.50 L reaction vessel. As
the container is heated to 400. K, the sample vaporizes completely and starts to decompose
according to the equation above. The decomposition reaction is endothermic.
(a) If no decomposition occurred, what would be the pressure, in atm, of the SO2Cl2(g) in the
vessel at 400. K?
(b) When the system has reached equilibrium at 400. K, the total pressure in the container is
1.26 atm. Calculate the partial pressures, in atm, of SO2Cl2(g), SO2(g), and Cl2(g) in the
container at 400. K.
(c) For the decomposition reaction at 400. K,
(i) write the equilibrium-constant expression for Kp for the reaction
(ii) calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Kp.
(iii) calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction.
(d) The temperature of the equilibrium mixture is increased to 425 K. Will the value of Kp
increase, decrease, or remain the same? Justify your prediction.
(e) In another experiment, the original partial pressures of SO2Cl2(g), SO2(g), and Cl2(g) are
1.0 atm each at 400. K. Predict whether the amount of SO2Cl2(g) in the container will increase,
decrease, or remain the same. Justify your prediction.
MgF2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq)
2. In a saturated solution of MgF2 at 18ºC, the concentration of Mg2+ is 1.21x10-3 molar. The
equilibrium is represented by the equation above.
(a) Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, and calculate its value at 18ºC.
(b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Mg2+ in 1.000 liter of saturated MgF2 solution
at 18ºC to which 0.100 mole of solid KF has been added (the value for Ksp is the same as
in the previous part). The KF dissolves completely. Assume the volume change is
negligible.
(c) Predict whether a precipitate of MgF2 will form when 100.0 milliliters of a 3.00 x10-3-molar
Mg(NO3)2 solution is mixed with 200.0 milliliters of a 2.00 x l0-3-molar NaF solution at
18ºC. Calculations to support your prediction must be shown.
(d) At 27ºC the concentration of Mg2+ in a saturated solution of MgF2 is 1.17 x 10-3 molar. Is
the dissolving of MgF2 in water an endothermic or an exothermic process? Give an
explanation to support your conclusion.