Chemistry-VinayMisra
CLASS XII
Solution
Numerical Problems-
1. Calculate the mole fraction of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in a solution containing 20% of C2H6O2 by
mass. Ans. 0.068, 0.932
2. Calculate the moles methanol in 5 litres of its 2 m solution, if the density of the solution is 0.981 kg
L–1 (Molar mass of methanol = 32.0 g mol -1) Ans. 9.22 mol
3. A commercial available sample of sulphuric acid is 15% H2SO4 by weight (density = 1.10 g mL-1).
Calculate
(i) molarity (ii) normality and (iii) Molality of the solution
Ans. (i) 1.68m, (ii) 3.36N, (iii) 1.8 m
4. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2 and 200 g of water.
Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of this solution be 1.072 g mL-1, what will be
the molarity of the solution? Ans. 17.95m, 9.11 m
-1
5. How many mL of sulphuric acid of density 1.84g mL containing 95.6 mass % of H2SO4 should be
added to one litre of 40 mass% solution of H2SO4 of density 1.31 g mL-1 in order to prepare 50
mass % solution of sulphuric acid of density 1.40 gML-1 Ans.166.2 mL
6. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol and water in a sample of rectified sprit which contains 92%
ethanol by mass. Ans. 0.82, 0.18
7. Commercially available concerned hydrochloric acid contains 38% HCl by mass and has density
1.19 g cm-3. Calculate the molarity of this solution. Ans. 12.4 M
8. Calculate the molarity and molality of a solution prepared by mixing equal volumes of 30% by
weight of H2SO4 (density = 1.218 g/mL) and 70% by weight of H2SO4of solution (density = 1.610
g/mL). Ans. 7.6 M, 11.4 m
9. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is marked 10% (w/w) on the bottle. The density of the
solution is 1.071 g mL-1. Calculate
(i) molarity (ii) molarity and (iii) mole fraction of each component.
Ans. (i) 1.83 M, (ii) 1.90m (iii) 0.033, 0.967
10. An aqueous solution of glucose is made by dissolving 10 g of glucose (C 6H12O6) in 90 g of water at
303 K. If the vapour pressure of pure water at 303 K be 32.8 mm Hg, what would be the vapour
pressure of the solution? Ans.32.44 mm
11. Vapour pressure of chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) at 298 K are 200 mm Hg
and 415 mm Hg respectively. (i) Calculate the vapour pressure of the solution prepared by mixing
25.5 g of CHCl3 and 40 g of CH2Cl2 at 290 K and (ii) Mole fraction of each component in solution.
Ans. (i) 347.9 m Hg (ii) 0.18, 0.82
12. A solution is made by dissolving 30 g of a non-volatile solute in 90 g of water. It has a vapour
pressure of 2.8 k Pa at 298 K. At 298 K, vapour pressure of pure water is 3.64 kPa. Calculate the
molar mass of the solute. Ans. 26 g mol-1
13. The vapour pressure of water at 20oC is 17.5 mm Hg. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342) is
prepared by dissolving 68.4 g in 1000 g of water. Calculate
(i) relative lowering of vapour pressure
(ii) vapour pressure of solution. Ans. (i) 0.0036 (ii) 17.437 mm of Hg
14. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non-volatile, no-
electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g is added to 39.0 g of benzene. The vapour pressure of the solution
is them 0.845 bar. What is the molecular mass of the solute? Ans. 170 g mol–1
15. What mass of a non-volatile solute, urea (NH2CONH2) need to be dissolved in 100 g of water in
order to decrease the vapour pressure of water by 25%? What will be the molality of the solution?
Ans. 111g, 18.5 m
1
16. Urea forms an ideal solution in water. Determine the vapour pressure of an aqueous solution
containing 10% by mass of urea at 490oC. (Vapour pressure of water at 40oC = 55.3 mm of Hg)
Ans. 53.46 mm Hg
17. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.80 g of a non- volatile solute was dissolved in 90
g of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (K b for
benzene is 2.53 K kg mol-1) Ans.57.5 g mol-1
18. On dissolving 3.24 g of sulphur in 40 g of benzene boiling point of solution was higher than that of
benzene by 0.81 [Link] value for benzene is 2.53 K kg mol -1. What is the molecular formula of
sulphur? (Atomic mass of sulphur = 32 g mol -1). Ans. S8
19. 0.90 g of a non-electrolyte was dissolved in 87.90 g of benzene. This raised the boiling point of
benzene by 0.25oC. If the molecular mass of the non-electrolyte is 103.0 g mol-1, calculate the
molal elevation constant for benzene. Ans. 2.515 Km-1
20. Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.456 g of camphor (mol. Mass = 152)
dissolved in 31.4 g of acetone (b. p = 56.30oC) if molal elevation constant per 100 g of acetone is
17.2oC Ans. 56.46oC
21. 18 g of glucose C6H12O6, is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sause pan. At what temperature will the
water boil (1.013 bar pressure). Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1 and boiling point of water is 373.15
K. Ans. 373.202K
22. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate
(i) the freezing point depression
(ii) the freezing point of the solution (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) Ans. 2.25 K, 270.9K
23. The molal freezing point depression constant of benzene (C6H6) is 4.90 K kg mol-1. Selenium exists
as a polymer of the type Sex. When 3.26 g of selenium is dissolved in 226 g of benzene, the
observed freezing point is 0.112 oC lower than for pure benzene. Deduce the molecular formula of
selenium. (Atomic mass of Se = 78.8 g mol -1) Ans. Se8.
-1
24. A 0.1539 molal solution of cane sugar (mol. Mass = 342 g mol ) has a freezing point of 271 K,
while the freezing point of pure water is 273.15K. What will be the freezing point of an aqueous
solution containing 5g of glucose (mol. Mass = 180 mol-1) per 100 g of solution.
Ans. 269.07 K
-1
25. Ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62 g mol ) is a common automobile antifreeze. Calculate the
freezing point of a solution containing 12.4 g of this substance in 100 g of water. Would it be
advisable to keep this substance in car radiator during summer? (Kf for water = 1.86 Km-1 and Kb
for water =0.512 Km-1) Ans. 374.19 K
26. Two elements A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved
in 20 g of benzene, 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K, whereas 1.0 of AB4 lowers it by
1.3 K. The molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol -1. Calculate the atomic mass of A
and B. Ans. 25.59, 42.64
27. 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50.0 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40K. The freezing point depression constant for benzene is 5.12 K kg mol -1. Calculate
the molecular mass of the solute Ans. 256
3
28. 200 cm of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure of
such a solution at 300 K is found to be 2.7×10-3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein. (R =
0.083 L bar mol-1 K-1) Ans. 61039 g mol-1
29. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution obtained by mixing 100 mL of 3.4 percent solution of
urea (mol. Mass = 60) and 100 mL of 1.6 percent solution of cane sugar (mol. Mass = 342) at 293
K. (R= 0.083 L bar K-1 mol-1) Ans. 6.89 bar, 0.57 bar, 7.46 bar
30. A solution of an organic compound was prepared by dissolving 6.8 g in 100 g of water. Calculate
the osmotic pressure of this solution at 298 K when boiling point of solution is 100.11oC. Given Kb
for water = 0.52 Km-1 and R= 0.082 litre atm K-1 mol-1. Ans. 5.17 atm.
31. A 5% solution of cane sugar (molar mass = 342) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of urea. Calculate
the molar mass of urea. Ans. 59.99
2
32. A solution containing 0.5 g of KCl dissolved in 100 g of water freezes at –0.24oC. Calculate the
percentage ionization of the salt. (Kf for water = 1.86 Km-1). Ans. 92%
33. 2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point
equal to 1.62 K. Molar depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol-1. What is the percentage
association of acid if it forms double molecules (dimer) in solution? Ans. 99.2%
34. 0.6 mL of acetic acid (CH3COOH) having density 1.06 g mL-1 is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The
depression in freezing point observed for this strength of acid was 0.0205oC. Calculate the Van’t
Hoff factor and dissociation constant of the acid. Ans. 1.86 × 10-5
35. Phenol associates in benzene to form a dimer (C6H5OH)2. The freezing point of a solution
containing 5 g of phenol in 250 g of benzene is lowered by 0.70oC. Calculate the degree of
association of phenol in benzene (Kif for benzene =5.12 K m-1). Ans. 72%
36. If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many milli moles of N2 gas would dissolve in 1
litre of water. Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. The KH for N2 at 293 K is
76.48 k bar. Ans. 0.716m mol
37. Concentrated nitric acid used in laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution.
What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density of the solution is 1.504 g
mL-1? Ans. 16.23 M
38. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% w/w. What would be the molality and mole
fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of solution is 1.2 g mL-1, then what shall
be the molarity of the solution? Ans. 0.67 M
39. How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixure of Na 2CO3 and
NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of both? Ans. 157.9 mL
40. A solution is obtained by mixing 300 g of 25% solution and 400 g of 40% solution by mass.
Caclculate the mass percentage of the resulting solution. Ans. 66.43%
41. The partial pressure of enthane over a solution containing 6.6 × 10-3 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the
solution contains 5.00 × 10-2 g of ethane, then what shall be the partial pressure of the gas?
Ans. 0.762 bar
42. Heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid
components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a mixure
of 26.0 g of heptane and 35 g of octane? Ans. 73.50 kPa
43. The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300 K. Calculate vapour pressure of 1 molal solution of
a non-volatile solute in it. Ans. 12.08 kPa
44. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing
point of 5% glucose in water if feezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. Ans. 269.07 K
45. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure ofg 4.98 bar. If
the osomotic pressure of the solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what should be its
concentration? Ans. 0.061 M
46. If the density of some lake water is 1.25 g mol and contains 92 g of Na+ ions per kg of water,
-1
calculate the molality of Na+ ions in the lake. Ans. 4 m
47. If the solubility product of CuS is 6 × 10-16, calculate the maximum molarity of CuS in aqueous
solution. Ans. 2.4 × 10-8 mol L-1
48. Nalorphene (C19H21NO3), similar to morphine, is used to combat withdrawal symptoms in narcotic
users. Dose of nalorphene generally given is 1.5 mg. Calculate the mass of 1.5 × 10-3 m aqueous
solution requird for the above dose. Ans. 3.21 g
49. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) required for preparing 250 mL of 0.15 M
solution in methanol. Ans. 5.575 g
50. Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when 10 g of CH3CH2CHClCOOH is added
to 250 g of water Ka = 1.4 × 10-3, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1. Ans. 0.65o
51. Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293
K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water. Ans. 17.44 mm Hg