I.P.

E PAPER MARCH-2018

ZOOLOGY-I

1. Differentiate between Protostomia Deuterostomia.

Ans: The eumetazoans in which blastopore develops into mouth are referred to as the protostomians.

Example: Platyhelminthes

Deuterostomia: These are eumetazoans in which anus is formed from the blastopore

Example: Chordata

2. What is sesamoid bone? Give an example.

Ans: Bone formed by the ossification in tendons

Example: Patella (knee cap) /pisiform bone

3. Which arthropod, you have studied, is called a ‘living fossil’? Name its respiratory organs?

Ans: Limulus (king crab)

Book gills

4. Write any four salient features of cyclostomes.

Ans: i. Jawless aquatic forms

ii. Body is scaleless, long, slender and eel like

iii. Mouth is circular and suctorial

iv. Tongue bears horny teeth

v. Heart is two chambered

5. List out any two differences between a cilium and a flagellum.

Ans: Flagellum Cilium

i. Long and whip like i. Short and hair like

6. Define conjugation with reference to ciliates. Give two examples.

Ans: A temporary union between the two senile ciliates that belong to two different mating types for the
exchange of nuclear material and its reorganisation is defined as conjugation.

Example: Verticella and paramecium.

7. The eggs of Ascaris are called ‘mamillated eggs’. Justify.

Ans: The eggs of Ascaris are surrounded by a protein coat with rippled surface. Hence these eggs are
called as mamillated eggs.
8. What are trichomes? Write their functions.

Ans: The spiracles of periplaneta bear small hair-like structures called trichomes.

Function: To filter the dust particles

9. What is ‘storage excretion’?

Ans: Urate cells present in the fat bodies. These cells absorb and store uric acid throughout the life. This
called storage excretion.

10. What is an ecosystem?

Ans: An ecosystem is a functional unit of the biosphere in which members of the community interact
themselves and with surrounding environment.

I.P.E MARCH PAPER -2019

1. Write the full form of IUCN. In which book threatened species are enlisted.

Ans: IUCN – International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resoures

RED -DATA book.

2. What are the dynein arms? What is their significance?

Ans: In flagellum ‘A’ tubule of each peripheral doublelet bears paired arms along its length called dynein
arms. These are Protein Motor Molecules.

3. What are the respiratory structures of Limulus and palamnaeus respectively?

Ans: Limulus (king crab) -Book gills

Palamnaeus – Book lungs

4. Distinguish between osteoblasts, and osteoclasts?

Ans: Osteoblasts: These are immature bone cells involved in secretion of organic matter of matrix i.e.,
in mineralisation of bone.

Osteoclasts: These are phagocytic bone cells involved in demineralisation of bone.

5. How do you justify the statement “heart in fishes is branchial heart”.

Ans: The heart in fish supplies blood to gills. So it called as branchial heart.

6. What is a kinety?

Ans: A longitudinal row of kinetosomes together with Kinetodesmata constitute a unit called kinety.

7. What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Ans: The organs which are covered by parietal peritoneum only on their ventral side. Example: Kidneys

8. Distinguish the terms phototaxis and photokinesis.

Ans: Phototaxis: The movement of organism towards or away from the direction of light.
 Photokinesis: The influence of light on non-directional movement of organism is called
photokinesis.

9. What are microglia and what is their origin and add a note on their function.

Ans: Microglia: The ciliated ependymal cells which line the cavities of brain and spinal cord bring
movements in Cerebro spinal fluid.

Mesodermal origin & Phagocytic function.

IPE JUNE-2019

[Link] does ICZN stands for?

Ans: ICZN: - International Code of Zoological nomenclature.

[Link] are incinerators used in hospitals?

Ans: hospitals generate hazardous wastes that contain disinfectants, harmful chemicals and also
pathogenic micro-organisms. Incinerators is essential for disposal of hospital waste.

[Link] between Milt and Spawn.

Ans: Milt: - The mass of sperms released by male frog

Spawn: - The mass of eggs released by female frog.

[Link] between Brown fat and white fat.

Ans: Brown Fat: 1) Found in foetus and infants.

2) Metabolically active.

White Fat: 1) Found in adults.

2) Metabolically less active.

5. What is the strongest cartilage? In which regions of the human body, do you find it?

Ans: fibrous cartilage

It occurs in the inter- vertebral discs and pubic symphysis of the pelvis.

6. Distinguish between Proter and opisthe.

Ans:

Proter Opisthe

The anterior daughter individual is called Proter The posterior daughter individual is called opisthe

It receives anterior contractile vacuole cytopharynx It receives posterior contractile vacuole from its
and cytosome from its parent. parent

It develops posterior contractile vacuole and a new It develops anterior contractile vacuole,
oral groove cytopharynx, cytosome and new oral groove
7. What do you mean by parasitic castration? Give one example.

Ans: parasitic castration: some parasites caused the degeneration of gonads of the host, making it
sterile. This effect is called parasitic castration.

Example: Sacculina, causes the degeneration of gonads in the crab.

8. Distinguish between amphids and phasmids.

Ans: amphids: 1) Amphids are cuticular depressions present on the lips surrounding the mouth in the
nematods.

2)Chemoreceptors in function.

Phasmids: 1) posterior parts of nematods.

2) Glandulo sensory in function.

IPE MARCH-2020

[Link] is meant by the tautonymy? Give two examples.

Ans: The practice of naming the animals, in which the generic name and species name are the same is
called “Tautonymy”.

Examples: Axis axis (Spotted deer)

Naja naja (Indian cobra)

[Link] any two substances secreted by mast cells and their functions.

Ans: Mast cells Secrete (1) Heparin (2) Histamine (3) Bradykinin and (4) Serotonin.

Functions: Heparin is an anticoagulant

➢ Histamine & bradykinin are vasodilators which cause inflammation in response to injury and
infections.
➢ Serotonin is a vaso constrictor.

[Link] is cephalization? How it is useful to its possessors?

Ans: The concentration of nerve and sensory cells at the anterior end is called as cephalization

Advantages or Uses: -

• Seeking Food
• Locating mates
• Escaping from predators

[Link] Osteon.

Ans: Osteon: haversian canal and the surrounding lamellae and lacunae are collectively called Osteon.

[Link] is Aristotle’s lantern? Give one Example of an animal possessing it.

Ans: In the mouth of sea urchin a complex five jawed masticatory apparatus called Aristotle’s Latern.

Example: Echinus (Sea urchin), Echinodiscus (sand dollar), Clypeaster (cake urchin)
[Link] the four extra embryonic membranes.

Ans: Four Extra embryonic membranes:

• Amnion
• Allantois
• Chorion
• Yolk sac

[Link] between Lobopodium and filopodium. Give an example to each of them.

Ans: Lobopodium: Blunt finger-like pseudopodia. Eg: Amoeba & Entamoeba

Filopodium: fibre like pseudopodia. Eg: Euglypha.

8. Mention the advantages of some UV rays to us.

Ans: 1. UV radiation kills the microorganisms present on the body surfaces of animals.

[Link] in the conversion of sterols present in the skin into vitamin d in mammals.

IPE OCTOBER-2021

[Link] any two products of medicinal importance obtained from nature.

Ans: Vinblastin – anti cancer drug.

Digitalin – to treat certain cardiac problems.

[Link] between a tendon and ligament.

Ans: Tendons attach the skeletal muscle to bone.

Ligaments attach bones to other bones.

[Link] are the functions of canal system of sponges?

Ans: Transport of water, gathering food (filter feeders), exchange of gases and removal of wastes.

(or)

[Link] [Link] [Link]

4. From which substances ‘Smack’ and ‘Coke’ are obtained?

Ans: 1. Smack (Heroin) is obtained by the acetylation of morphine. Poppy plant

2. Coke (Crack) is obtained from the leaves of coca plant (Erythroxylum coca).

5. Name two poisonous and non-poisonous snakes found in South India.

Ans: 1. Poisonous snakes: Naja naja(cobra), Vipera russelli(chain viper) , Bungarus(Krait)

[Link]-poisonous snakes: Ptyas (rat snake), Tropidonotus (pond snake, or grass snake).

6. Define drug abuse.

Ans: Drug Abuse: taking of a drug in excess for a purpose other than its medicinal use.
 IPE AUGUST-2022

[Link] out any four sacred groves in India

Ans: Khasi and Jaintia Hills – Meghalaya

Aravalli Hills – Rajasthan and Gujarat

Western ghat region – Karnataka and Maharashtra

Sarguja, Bastar – Chhattisgarh

Chanda – Madhya Pradesh

[Link] is trinominal Nomenclature? Give an example.

Ans: the naming of an animal with a three worded name is called trinominal nomenclature. The first
word refers to genus, the second word refers to species, the third word refers to subspecies

Example: Homo sapiens sapiens (Human being), Corvus splendens splendens (Crow).

[Link] between exocrine and endocrine glands with examples.

Ans: Exocrine glance are provided with ducts. Ex: mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, and milk

Endocrine glands are ductless glands and their products are called hormones. Ex: Pituitary Gland

[Link] are the two chief morphological ‘body forms’ of Cnidarians? What are their chief functions.

Ans: 1. The body forms of Cnidarians are polyo and medusa.

[Link] produces medusa by asexual reproduction. Polyp for nutrition. Medusae produces polyp by
sexual reproduction. Medusae for reproduction.

[Link] do you call the locomotor structures of Nereis? Why is Nereis called a polychaete?

Ans: locomotor structures of nereis are parapodia.

The parapodia bear many setae help in locomotion hence the name polychaete.

[Link] the methods of biological control of mosquitoes.

Ans: Biological control of mosquitoes is done by introducing larvivorous fishes like gambusia,
insectivorous plants like utricularia into the places where mosquitoes breed.

IPE MARCH-2023

[Link] the animals that exhibited ‘a tube-within-a-tube’ organization for the first time? Name
their body cavity.

Ans: Nematoda

Pseudocoelom

2. What is botryoidal tissue?

Ans: The coelom is filled with Characteristic tissue called botryoidal tissue. Resembling a Bunch of
Grapes, useful in storage of iron, calcium and revascularization in the areas of injury.
3. “Cardiac muscle is highly resistant to fatigue”. Justify

Ans: The cardiac muscle is highly resistant to fatigue, because it has numerous sarcosomes, many
molecules of myoglobin and rich supply of blood which facilitate continuous aerobic respiration.

[Link] is the haematocrit value?

Ans: The percentage of total volume occupied by RBC is called Haematocrit value.

5. How do you distinguish a male frog from a female frog?

Ans: Male frog can be distinguished by the presence of sound amplifying vocal sacs and copulatory
pads.

Copulatory pads are absent in female frog.

[Link] is BOD?

Ans: BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand): It is a measure of the content of biologically degradable
substances in sewage.

[Link] between synchronous and metachronous movements.

Ans: synchronous movement: Cilia in a transverse row beat simultaneously in one direction.

Metachronous movement: the sequential movement of cilia, in a longitudinal row, one after the other
in one direction is called metachronous movement.

[Link] are the haemozoin granules? What is their significance?

Ans: i) The plasmodium digests the globin part of the ingested haemoglobin and converts the soluble
haem into an insoluble crystalline granules called haemozoin granules

ii)Malaria pigment.

[Link] are the blood gland in Pheretima?

Ans: i) In Pheretima blood glands are present in 4th,5th, and 6th segments.

ii) They produce blood cells and haemoglobin.

[Link] are Circadian rhythms?

Ans: biological rhythms that occur in a time period of 24 hours are called circadian rhythms.

[Link] between altricial and precocial hatchlings

Ans: Altricial Hatchlings: i) Hatchlings are altricial in the flying birds

ii) Incapable of moving around on its own soon after hatching

Precocial hatchlings: i) Hatchlings are precocial in the flightless birds

ii) Capable of moving around on its own soon after hatching.