FEU ROOSEVELT
Tertiary Education Division
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Module 1: Introduction to Database Management System (DBMS)
Introduction
In today’s digital economy, data drives decision making across industries—from banking and
telecommunications to education and government services. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a
software solution that enables users to create, retrieve, update, and manage data in a structured way. Unlike
traditional file-based systems, a DBMS provides more effective storage, retrieval, integrity, and security
mechanisms for large volumes of data.
In the Philippine setting, institutions such as universities, government agencies (e.g., Department of
Education, Bureau of Internal Revenue), and private corporations (e.g., BPOs like Concentrix, banks like
BDO) depend on DBMS platforms to manage student records, tax filings, customer profiles, and transaction
histories. Understanding the fundamentals of DBMS is foundational for IT professionals who will build and
maintain data-driven systems.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, learners should be able to:
1. Define core concepts related to databases and DBMS.
2. Describe the evolution of data management systems, including file-based and database
approaches.
3. Explain main components and functions of a DBMS.
4. Identify different types of databases and give Philippine-centric examples of their use.
5. Recognize roles of various database users.
6. Discuss benefits and limitations of using a DBMS.
7. List popular DBMS software and state their basic uses.
Discussions
Definition and Purpose of a Database
A database is an organized collection of related data stored in a way that facilitates easy access and
management. A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that interacts with users, applications,
and the database itself to capture and analyze data.
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FEU ROOSEVELT
Tertiary Education Division
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Example:
The University of the Philippines uses a centralized student information system where student
schedules, grades, and accounts are stored in a DBMS (e.g., MySQL or Oracle). Professors and
administrators retrieve records through secure interfaces rather than managing individual files.
Evolution of Data Management
a. File-Based Systems
In a file-based system, each application manages its own data files. These systems often suffer from
redundancy, inconsistency, and difficulty in data sharing.
b. DBMS Approach
A DBMS centralizes data storage, reduces redundancy, enforces data integrity, and supports
concurrent access.
Components of a DBMS
1. Hardware: Physical devices (servers, storage).
2. Software: DBMS software like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server.
3. Data: Actual stored data and metadata.
4. Procedures: Instructions for designing, operating, and maintaining databases.
5. Database Access Language: SQL (Structured Query Language) used to query and manipulate data.
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FEU ROOSEVELT
Tertiary Education Division
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Types of Databases
1. Relational Databases
Organize data into tables with rows and columns. Most common in enterprise systems.
2. NoSQL Databases
Used for unstructured or semi-structured data (e.g., documents, key-value pairs).
3. Distributed and Cloud Databases
Data is stored across multiple physical sites or cloud environments.
Database Users and Roles
• Database Administrator (DBA): Manages and secures the database.
• Database Designer: Creates schema, tables, and relationships.
• Application Developers: Build interfaces and applications that interact with DBMS.
• End Users: Access data through applications for reporting and operations.
Advantages and Limitations of DBMS
Advantages:
• Reduced data redundancy
• Improved data integrity
• Enhanced data security
• Support for concurrent access
• Better backup and recovery
Limitations:
• High initial cost (hardware and software licensing)
• Complexity requiring trained personnel
• Possible performance overhead
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FEU ROOSEVELT
Tertiary Education Division
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Common DBMS Software
DBMS Software Typical Use Philippine Example
MySQL Open-source web apps University portals
PostgreSQL Enterprise analytics Government data reporting
Oracle Large enterprises Banking systems
SQL Server Business operations Telecom customer databases
Learning Activity
Design a Data Inventory for a Local Government Office
Instructions:
1. Choose one local government office (e.g., Municipal Health Office, City Treasury).
2. List 15 distinct data items they manage (e.g., taxpayer name, amount paid, dates).
3. Classify these into logical tables using the DBMS concepts learned.
4. For each table, specify:
• Table name
• Fields/attributes (with appropriate data types)
• Primary key
Submit as a document or slide presentation.
Rubric for Activity
Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Needs Improvement
(1)
Identification of Data Clear, relevant 15+ items 12–14 items 8–11 items <8 items
Items
Table Design Logical and normalized Mostly Some issues in Poorly organized
logical structure
Field Specification Correct types and naming Minor errors Several inconsistencies Many errors
Primary Key Selection Appropriate and Acceptable Some incorrect choices Incorrect or missing
consistent
Overall Presentation Professional, clear Adequate Needs clarity Poor presentation
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FEU ROOSEVELT
Tertiary Education Division
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
References:
Books
➢ Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2019). Database systems: Design, implementation, & management (13th
ed.). Cengage Learning.
➢ Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. B. (2020). Fundamentals of database systems (7th ed.). Pearson.
Active Online References
➢ Database Journal. (n.d.). Database management systems explained.
[Link]
➢ IBM. (2024). What is a database?. [Link]
➢ Oracle. (n.d.). Database concepts. [Link]
Prepared by: Prof. Marc Anthony S. Bautista
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