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Overview of Raman Spectroscopy Techniques

Raman Spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that complements infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy by measuring inelastically scattered radiation due to changes in molecular polarizability. The Raman spectrum resembles an IR absorbance spectrum, with wavenumbers indicating energy differences, and while some peaks may appear in one spectrum and not the other, they are theoretically identical for corresponding vibrational modes. The document also references additional resources for theory and applications related to Raman Spectroscopy and chemometrics.

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2 views1 page

Overview of Raman Spectroscopy Techniques

Raman Spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that complements infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy by measuring inelastically scattered radiation due to changes in molecular polarizability. The Raman spectrum resembles an IR absorbance spectrum, with wavenumbers indicating energy differences, and while some peaks may appear in one spectrum and not the other, they are theoretically identical for corresponding vibrational modes. The document also references additional resources for theory and applications related to Raman Spectroscopy and chemometrics.

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Suresh Kumar
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〈858〉 Raman Spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION

Raman is a vibrational spectroscopic technique and is complementary to infrared (IR) and near-
infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The Raman effect itself arises as a result of a change in the polarizability
of molecular bonds during a given vibrational mode and is measured as inelastically scattered
radiation. The appearance of a Raman spectrum is much like that of an IR absorbance spectrum. The
intensities, or the number of Raman photons counted, are plotted against the shifted energies. The
Raman shift is usually expressed in wavenumber and represents the energy difference between the
incident photon energy and the inelastically scattered photon energy. Unlike IR or NIR spectra that
arise when vibrational modes in a molecule have a dipole change, Raman spectra have frequencies
and intensities that arise when these same modes cause a change in polarizability. The spectrum is
interpreted in the same manner as the corresponding mid-infrared spectrum. The positions of the
(Raman-shifted) wavenumbers for a given vibrational mode are theoretically identical to the
wavenumbers of the corresponding bands in an IR absorption spectrum. However, the stronger
peaks in a Raman spectrum are often weak, or not present in an IR spectrum, and vice versa.
Similarly, wavenumbers above 1500 cm−1 are group frequencies, and strong bands that absorb below
1500 cm−1 can be either group frequencies or fingerprint bands for the molecule. Thus, the two
spectroscopic techniques are often said to be complementary. For discussion of the theory and
principles of measurements, see Raman Spectroscopy—Theory and Practice 〈1858〉, which may be a
helpful, but not a mandatory, resource. For further discussion of the theory and applications of
chemometrics, see Chemometrics 〈1039〉.

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United States Pharmacopeia (2020). General Chapter, 〈858〉 Raman Spectroscopy. USP-NF. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia.

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