CHAPTER 5

Ratios, Rates, and Proportions

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 114.

1. Which answer expresses the ratio 10 feet to 5. Which answer expresses the rate 200 miles per
12 feet as a fraction in lowest terms? 4 hours as a unit rate?
10
A. A. 200 miles
12 4 hours
12 miles
B. B. 50
10 hours
5 1 hour
C. C.
6 50 miles
D. 6 D.
4 hours
5 200 miles

2. Write the ratio 21 students to 28 students as a 6. Write the rate 42 ounces per 5 mugs as a unit
fraction in lowest terms. rate. Write your answer as a decimal number.
Write your answer in the box. Write your answer in the box.

3. Which answer expresses the rate 24 miles per 7. In the first paragraph of an essay, Carmen
36 minutes as a fraction in lowest terms? wrote 70 words in 6 sentences. Which answer
expresses this as a unit rate?
A. 24
36 2 words
A. 11
2 3 sentence
B.
3
B. 35 words
3 minutes 3 sentences
C.
2 miles 3 sentences
C.
2 miles 35 words
D.
3 minutes 2 sentences
D. 11
3 word
4. Write the rate 20 leaves to 8 twigs as a fraction
in lowest terms. 8. Bud earned $750 for a 40-hour week. What is
Write your answer in the box. Bud’s rate of pay?
A. $16.00 per hour
B. $18.75 per hour
C. $24.00 per hour
D. $30.00 per hour

37

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 38 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

3 1
9. Isabella built of a model house in a 13. Tinytown has all of its 132 citizens living on the
4 2
40 square miles within its town limits. What is
week. At the same rate, how long will it take
the population density of Tinytown in persons
her to build 6 models?
per square mile?
A. 2 weeks
A. 3.1 persons per square mile
B. 3 weeks
B. 3.2 persons per square mile
C. 4 weeks
C. 3.3 persons per square mile
D. 6 weeks
D. 3.4 persons per square mile
10. Two packets of drink mix should be mixed
14. Marty, a letter carrier, has noticed that the
with 3 quarts of water. Use the double number
time it takes him to complete his route is
line to find how many packets of drink mix to
proportional to the weight of his mailbag
mix with 54 quarts of water.
when he leaves the post office. If it takes him
Packets of drink mix
2 4 3 hours to deliver 8 pounds of mail, how long
Quarts of water does it take him to deliver 10 pounds of mail?
3 6 54
1
A. 3 hours
A. 30 packets 4
B. 33 packets 1
B. 3 hours
C. 36 packets 3
D. 39 packets 2
C. 3 hours
3
11. A hot dog vendor at a ballpark prepares for 3
selling many hot dogs at the same time by D. 3 hours
4
preparing a table of costs per number of hot
dogs. Help the vendor complete the table. 15. Sergio drove 240 miles from Dallas to Houston
Hot dogs 1 2 3 4 in 3.5 hours. What was his rate of speed to the
nearest mile per hour?
Costs 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00
A. 60 mph
Hot dogs 5 6 7 8 9 B. 64 mph
Costs C. 69 mph
D. 80 mph
12. Maria takes 7 minutes to clear a stack of
12 books for resale at the student bookstore. 16. 127 millimeters is exactly 5 inches. How many
How long will it take her to clear a stack of millimeters is 8 inches?
28 books? A. 203 millimeters
2 B. 203.2 millimeters
A. 15 minutes C. 2.6 millimeters
3
D. 206.4 millimeters
1
B. 16 minutes
3
17. A piece of wood has a mass of 20 grams and
2 a volume of 25 cm3. What is the density of the
C. 16 minutes
3 wood in grams per cm3?
1
D. 17 minutes A. 0.8 g/cm3
3
B. 0.9 g/cm3
C. 1.2 g/cm3
D. 1.3 g/cm3

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 Chapter 5 ~ Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 39

18. Celia bought 24 bottles of orange juice for her 22. A large-screen television has an aspect
daughter’s birthday party for a total price of ratio of 16:9. How tall is the screen if it is
$30. What was the unit price of each bottle of 96 centimeters wide?
orange juice?
A. 48 centimeters
A. $1.25 B. 54 centimeters
B. $1.08 C. 56 centimeters
C. $0.80 D. 60 centimeters
D. $0.54
23. Dosage information for a drug specifies that
5 5
19. Kim drew of a picture in of an hour. 2.5 milliliters should be administered for every
8 12
20 kilograms of a patient’s mass. How much of
What is her picture-drawing rate in pictures/
the drug should be given to a patient whose
hour?
mass is 90 kilograms?
A. 2 picture/hour A. 11.25 milliliters
3 B. 11.5 milliliters
3 C. 11.75 milliliters
B. picture/hour
4 D. 12 milliliters
1
C. 1 pictures/hour
2 24. A recipe that serves 4 people calls for
3 1
D. 1 pictures/hour 3 cups of flour. Brie plans to serve this dish
4 2
to 10 friends and relatives at Thanksgiving.
20. The scale on a map of Ohio says that on the How much flour does she need?
map, 2 inches equals 35 miles. What is the
A. 8 cups
distance between Cleveland and Cincinnati,
1
which are 14 inches apart on the map? B. 8 cups
4
A. 140 miles 1
B. 175 miles C. 8 cups
2
C. 210 miles 3
D. 245 miles D. 8 cups
4
21. On the plans for a building, the drawing of a 25. Henri put 12.4 gallons of gas in his car to fill
1 1 it up. Having reset his trip odometer on his
wall measures 3 inches tall by 9 inches
3 2 previous visit to the gas station, during which
wide. The scale says that 1 inch equals 6 feet. he filled up the tank, he noticed that he has
What will be the dimensions of the wall once driven 298.9 miles. What is his mileage?
it is built?
A. 23.9 miles per gallon
A. 19 feet tall by 55 feet wide B. 24.1 miles per gallon
B. 19 feet tall by 57 feet wide C. 24.3 miles per gallon
C. 20 feet tall by 55 feet wide D. 24.5 miles per gallon
D. 20 feet tall by 57 feet wide

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 40 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

26. A plastic model company sells a model of a 31. Julio walks 264 feet per minute. What is
his rate in miles per hour? (Hint: 1 mile =
battleship at a 1 scale. The battleship is
288 5280 feet.)
864 feet long. How long is the model?
A. 3 miles per hour
A. 2 feet B. 3.5 miles per hour
B. 2.5 feet C. 4 miles per hour
C. 3 feet D. 4.5 miles per hour
D. 3.5 feet
32. A box of a dozen granola bars costs $3.60.
27. Fran drives 27 miles on her paper route in What is the unit cost?
45 minutes. It takes her 2 hours to drive the
A. $0.27 per bar
entire route at the same rate. How long is
B. $0.30 per bar
Fran’s paper route?
C. $0.32 per bar
A. 72 miles D. $0.33 per bar
B. 74 miles
C. 76 miles 33. Brad burns 4.5 gallons of gas driving 99 miles.
D. 78 miles How far can he drive with a full tank of
16 gallons?
28. A scale drawing with a scale of 1 inch = 3 feet
A. 340 miles
is redrawn so that 1 inch = 5 feet. What is the
B. 348 miles
new length of the side of a square that was
C. 352 miles
2 inches on the old drawing?
D. 360 miles
A. 0.8 inch
B. 0.9 inch 34. Are the ratios 14:21 and 48:72 in proportion?
C. 1.1 inches
D. 1.2 inches Check    Yes or    No.

29. A photo that measures 2 inches wide by 35. Gasoline costs $3.15 per gallon. Which
3 inches tall is blown up so that it is 8 inches equation shows the total cost C of buying
wide. How tall is the new photo? g gallons of gasoline?
A. 11 inches g
A. C =
B. 12 inches 3.15
C. 13 inches B. g = 3.15C
D. 14 inches 3.15
C. g =
C
30. A parade starts in a stadium with a lap around D. C = 3.15g
a football field, then continues through the
city for an additional 3 miles. If a marching
1
band takes 12 minutes to march the -mile
4
track around the field, how long will it take to
march the entire route, at the same rate?
A. 2 hours 12 minutes
B. 2 hours 24 minutes
C. 2 hours 36 minutes
D. 2 hours 48 minutes

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 Chapter 5 ~ Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 41

Questions 36–37 are based on the following table. 41. Nick earned $48.75 washing cars for 5 hours.
John earned $58.32 mowing lawn for 6 hours.
Crates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Put an X next to the name of the person who
Pounds 40 80 120 160 240 280 360 had the higher rate of pay.
Nick
36. What is the unit rate in the table?
John
A. 40 crates per pound
B. 40 pounds per crate 42. A bookstore is having a sale, offering a
1 discount on all books in the store. A book with
C. pounds per crate a regular price of $12.95 is on sale for $7.77.
40
1 At the same discount rate, what is the selling
D. crates per pound price of a book with a regular price of $18.50?
80
A. $5.18
37. How many pounds do 5 crates weigh? B. $5.55
8 crates? C. $10.73
Write your answers in the table. D. $11.10

43. Last year, the manager of a baseball team

bought the season’s supply of 60 baseballs
from a sporting goods store for $1620. This
year he is buying baseballs from the same
38. Fill in the empty cells in the tables to store at the same price, but he hasn’t decided
determine which ratio is smaller, 3 or 5 . how many to buy. Write an equation giving
5 8 the total price T of n baseballs.
Number 3 Number 5 A. n = T + 27
Price 5 40 Price 8 40 B. n = 27T
C. T = 27n
39. Dennis drove 300 miles in 5 hours. Write D. T = n + 27
an equation, using Dennis’s unit rate, that
expresses the relationship between the time t 44. A city is planning to place a 22-foot-high
he drives and the distance D he covers. statue in a local park. The artist who earned
the commission is working from a model
60
A. t = that is 18 inches high. A feature on the model
D
measure 3 inches across. How large will the
60 feature on the completed statue be?
B. D =
t
C. t = 60D A. 2.45 feet
D. D = 60t B. 3.67 feet
C. 4.00 feet
The following question contains a set of choices marked D. 4.33 feet
Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is correct
(Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will appear as 45. How far does a car travel in 1 minute at the
a “drop-down”menu. When you click on a choice, it will rate of 75 miles per hour?
appear in the blank.) Write your answer in the blank.
40. Are the ratios 18:81 and 34:154 in proportion?
Select . . . ▾
yes
no

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 42 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

46. The chef at a restaurant gets 20 bowls of soup 48. Jeanine keeps careful records on the
from a 5-quart pot. How much more soup performance of her automobile. The table
could he get from a 9-quart pot? shows the amount of fuel she recorded for
trips of different lengths:
A. 36 bowls
B. 20 bowls Distance (miles) 72 144 192 288 336 360
C. 16 bowls Fuel (gallons) 3 6 8 12 14 15
D. 4 bowls

The following question contains a blank marked Which equation relates the trip distance
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. (D) to the amount of fuel used (f)?
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the A. D = 24f
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will B. D = 72f
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a C. D = 24 + f
choice, it will appear in the blank.) 72
D. D =
f
47. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, San
Francisco has a population of 805,000 living 49. The speed of light is roughly 186,000 miles
in a land area of 47 square miles, while Poplar per second. How many minutes does it
Hills, Kentucky, has 362 citizens occupying take for light to arrive from the sun, which is
0.02 square miles of land. has the 93,000,000 miles away?
higher population density. Write your answer in the blank.
Select . . . ▾
San Francisco 50. Bulk flour costs $1.79 per pound. How many
Poplar Hills pounds of flour can be purchased for $17.37?
Write your answer in the blank.

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 CHAPTER 6

Percents and Applications

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 117.

Express each decimal number as a percent. Write your Express each percent as a fraction or mixed number
answers in the blanks. reduced to lowest terms. Write your answers in the
blanks.
1. 0.175
11. 32.5%

2. 0.8
12. 60%

3. 6.605
13. 6%

4. 15.20
14. 185%

5. 0.0017 15. 0.35%

Express each percent as a decimal number. Write your

Match each fraction or mixed number with its
answers in the blanks.
corresponding percent.
6 16. 11%
6. A. 140%
10
2
7. B. 287.5% 17. 4%
3
7
8. C. 300%
5
18. 2756%
9. 3 D. 66.67%
7 3
10. 2 E. 60% 19. 7 %
8 16

20. 0.0076%

43

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