Topics
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ
SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE- 7 GRADE
Table of contents Resources
Componets PAGE B 40 TO B68
of an Youtube: [Link]
ecosytem v=E1pp_7- yTN4
ecologica PAGE B78 TO B98
l Youtube video link:
relations [Link]
hips v=rNjPI84sApQ&t=317s
energy flows Notebook
in an Youtube
ecosystem link:
( food chain, [Link]
food web, v=2lqhJNgn_Wg
energy
piramid)
Unit A PAGES Notebook
161- 169 notes
[Link]
[Link]
/portals/en
ergy/
● h
review pages ttps://
173-174 A www.
youtu
[Link]
m/
watch
?
v=Wt
RA-
NsERK
Y
PAGE
D6 TO
ATOMIC 36
STRUCTURE AND
PERIODIC TABLE
CHEMICAL PAGE
COMPOUNDS D38 TO
64
SOLUTIONS PAGE
D108
TO 143
Organisms in Ecosystems: An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms
(biotic factors) in a particular area, along with the non-living components (abiotic
factors) such as air, water, soil, and sunlight. Organisms within an ecosystem
interact with each other and their environment, forming complex networks of
relationships.
2. Exchange of Energy and Nutrients: Organisms in ecosystems participate in
the exchange of energy and nutrients through various processes such as
photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and predation. This exchange is crucial
for the functioning and stability of the ecosystem.
3. Food Web: A food web represents the complex network of feeding
relationships within an ecosystem. It illustrates how energy and nutrients flow
through different organisms as they consume and are consumed by others. In a
food web, multiple interconnected food chains intersect, showing the diverse
pathways of energy transfer.
4. Food Chain: A food chain is a simplified linear representation of the transfer
of energy and nutrients from one organism to another in an ecosystem. It typically
starts with a producer (such as plants or algae) that converts sunlight into energy
through photosynthesis. Then, consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) feed
on these producers or other consumers, forming a chain of energy transfer.
5. Ecological: Ecological refers to anything related to ecology, which is the
scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecologists study the distribution and abundance of organisms, the interactions
between species, and the flow of energy and nutrients in ecosystems, among other
topics.
Energy is a measurement of the ability of something to do work. It is not a material
substance. Energy can be stored and measured in many forms.
Although we often hear people talking about energy consumption, energy is never really
destroyed. It is just transferred from one form to another, doing work in the process. Some forms
of energy are less useful to us than others—for example, low level heat energy. It is better to talk
about the consumption or extraction of energy resources, for example coal, oil, or wind, than
consumption of energy itself.
● A speeding bullet has a measurable amount of energy associated with it; this is known as
kinetic energy. The bullet gained this energy because work was done on it by a charge of
gunpowder which lost some chemical potential energy in the process.
● A hot cup of coffee has a measurable amount of thermal energy which it acquired via
work done by a microwave oven, which in turn took electrical energy from the electrical
grid.
In practice, whenever work is done to move energy from one form to another, there is always
some loss to other forms of energy such as heat and sound. For example, a traditional light bulb
is only about 3% efficient at converting electrical energy to visible light, while a human being is
about 25% efficient at converting chemical energy from food into work.
How do we measure energy and work?
The standard unit used to measure energy and work done in physics is the joule, which has the
symbol J. In mechanics, 1 joule is the energy transferred when a force of 1 Newton is applied to
an object and moves it through a distance of 1 meter
Topic #1: biotic (Biocenosis) and abiotic (biotope) components of an
ecosystem.
1. Use a Word from the box below to complete the following sentences
2. The parts of an ecosystem that are non-living are called the abiotic
environment. The parts that are living are called the biotic
environment.
Complete the table below by classifying the named component as biotic or
abiotic.
3. The following photo shows a clownfish sheltering amongst the
poisonous tentacles of a seaanemone. The sea anemone does not
harm the clownfish as it searches for food.
a. Identify two abiotic components of this ecosystem.
b. Identify two biotic components of this ecosystem.
c. How does the association of the clownfish with the anemone
benefit the fish?
4. What are the nonliving parts of the ecosystem such as water, dirt,
and air called?
a. Biotope
b. biomes
c. biocenosis
d. ecological factors
5. What are the nonliving parts of the ecosystem such as water, dirt,
and air called?
a. abiotic factors
b. biomes
c. biotic factors
d. ecological factors
6. Which animals and plants do you expect to find in a tundra
ecosystem?
7. Which population is found in a rainforest ecosystem?
a. Antelopes
b. Monkeys
c. Sponges
d. Zebras
Topic #2: ecological relationships
8. Explain why parasites would not want to kill their hosts immediately?
PRACTICE
9. Directions: Read each of the relationship scenarios below. Identify
the two organisms involved in the boxes labeled ‘Organism 1’ and
‘Organism 2’, and identify whether they benefit, are harmed, or
are neutral in the relationship. Lastly, classify what type of
symbiosiseach example is in the third column .
Example:
Organi Organi Symbiotic Relationship?
sm 1 sm 2
Cordyceps Ant (Harmed) Parasitism(☺,☹)
Fungus(Benefits)
1.A type of bacteria lives in the roots of plants. The bacteria helps the plants
obtain nutrients. The roots are a moist home, which helps the bacteria grow
and reproduce.
Organis Organis Symbiotic Relationship?
m1 m2
2. a The fungus known as "chicken of the woods" grows on trees. The
fungus breaks down the tree and gets its nutrients that way. The tree
decays, gets weak, and becomes very vulnerable to extreme weather.
Organis Organis Symbiotic Relationship?
m1 m2
3. Tapeworms are a particular species of worm that resides in the small
intestine of mammals (including humans).
The tapeworm latches on to the walls of the small intestine, and
siphons (steals) nutrients from the mammal’s digestive tract. This can
cause severe nutrient deficiency, weakness, and extreme weight-loss
for the mammal.
Organis Organis Symbiotic Relationship?
m1 m2
4. Cattle Egrets are a type of bird commonly found on farms. As
cattle, horses, and other livestock graze (eat grass) on the field,
they cause movements that stir up various insects. As the insects
are stirred up, the cattle egrets following the livestock catch and
feed upon them.
Organis Organis Symbiotic Relationship?
m1 m2
5. Oxpeckers are a small bird commonly found on
rhinoceroses. The oxpecker feeds on the parasites that
cover therhinoceroses’ skin. The bird gets a meal and the
rhinoceros is relieved of the harmful parasites.
Organis Organis Symbiotic Relationship?
m1 m2
10. Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic
relationship and a parasitic relationship?
a. Parasitism involves only two organisms, while mutualism involves many organisms.
b. Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism.
c. Parasitism continues for many generations, while mutualism is limited to one generation
d. Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms.
Topic #3: energy flows in an ecosystem ( food chain, food web, energy
piramid)
11. Which best represents the flow of energy through a food chain?
A. Sun - Rabbit - Fox - Grass
B. Sun - Grass - Rabbit -Fox
C. Fox – Grass - Rabbit - Sun
D. Grass - Rabbit - Fox - Sun
12. The picture below shows a food web
If the number of fish dropped suddenly, which of the following is a likely
short-term effect in the food chain?
a. Fewer squid
b. Fewer tiny water plants
c. More penguins
d. More seals
SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ
13. Define:
a. Producer:
b. Consumer:
c. Primary consumer:
d. Secondary consumer:
e. Tertiary consumer:
f. Top predator:
14. If a disease strikes the snake population in the food
chain shown, what will
happen to the populations of hawks?
a. The population of hawks would decrease
b. The population of hawks would increase
c. The population of hawks would stay the stay the same.
d. A new species of snake will appear in the food chain.
15. Many organisms have multiple words to describe their
role in an ecosystem.
Which three terms correctly describes a primary
consumer?
a. Primary consumers are abiotic, carnivores and predators
b. Primary consumers are biotic, herbivores and often prey of
larger animals
c. Primary consumers are biotic, carnivores and often prey of
larger animals
d. Primary consumers are abiotic, omnivores and consumers
SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ
review pages 173-174 A
ANSWER:
What type of energy is stored in an object due to its position or
condition?
A) Kinetic energy
B) Potential energy
C) Mechanical energy
Which of the following represents energy possessed by an object
in motion?
A) Potential energy
B) Kinetic energy
C) Thermal energy
What is the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system known
as?
A) Electrical energy
B) Mechanical energy
C) Chemical energy
Which activity demonstrates potential energy being converted
into kinetic
energy?
A) Throwing a ball
B) Riding a bicycle
C) Stretching a rubber band
How can you explore different forms of energy in a laboratory
setting?
A) By watching videos
B) Through hands-on experiments
C) By reading textbooks
What is power defined as?
SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ
A) The amount of energy stored in an object
B) The rate at which work is done
C) The force acting on an object
What do machines primarily assist humans in doing?
A) Sleeping
B) Eating
C) Doing work
How many simple machines are there?
A) Three
B) Four
C) Six
Which of the following is not a simple machine?
A) Lever
B) Wheel and axle
C) Microwave
What are compound machines made of?
A) One simple machine
B) Two simple machines
C) Combinations of simple machines
What is the name of the machine that helps lift heavy objects by
reducing
the amount of force needed?
A) Pulley
B) Wedge
C) Screw
Which simple machine is best suited for splitting objects apart?
A) Inclined plane
B) Wedge
C) Lever
Which simple machine is commonly found in door handles and
wrenches?
A) Wheel and axle
B) Pulley
C) Screw
What is the primary purpose of a wheel and axle?
A) To lift heavy objects
B) To cut through materials
C) To transmit rotational force
SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ
What is the purpose of a lever?
A) To lift heavy loads
B) To transfer force over a distance
C) To change the direction of force
What type of simple machine is a seesaw an example of?
A) Pulley
B) Inclined plane
C) Lever
What is the function of an inclined plane?
A) To lift heavy objects vertically
B) To split objects apart
C) To reduce the effort needed to lift objects
What simple machine is used to change the direction of force?
A) Pulley
B) Screw
C) Wedge
Which simple machine is used in a spiral staircase?
A) Wheel and axle
B) Inclined plane
C) Wedge
What is the primary purpose of a screw?
A) To cut through materials
B) To lift heavy objects
C) To hold objects together