Operating system:
Operating System a type of system software. It basically manages all the resources of the
computer. An operating system acts as an interface between the software and different parts of
the computer or the computer hardware. The operating system is designed in such a way that it
can manage the overall resources and operations of the computer.
What is a Shell?
The shell is a command-line interface that allows the user to enter commands to interact with the operating
system. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the kernel, interpreting commands entered by the user and
translating them into instructions that the kernel can execute. The shell also provides various features like
command history, tab completion, and scripting capabilities to make it easier for the user to work with the
system.
What is Kernel?
The kernel is the core component of the operating system that manages system resources and provides services to
other programs running on the system. It acts as a bridge between the user and the resources of the system by
accessing various computer resources like the CPU, I/O devices and other resources. It is responsible for tasks
such as memory management, process scheduling, and device drivers. The kernel operates at a lower level than
the shell and interacts directly with the hardware of the computer.
Shell Kernel
Shell allows the users to Kernel controls all the tasks of the
communicate with the kernel. system.
It is the interface between kernel and
It is the core of the operating system.
user.
Its a low level program interfacing with the
It is a command line interpreter (CLI) . hardware (CPU, RAM, disks) on top of
which applications are running.
Its types are – Bourne Shell, C shell, Its types are – Monolithic Kernel, Micro
Korn Shell, etc. kernel, Hybrid kernel, etc.
It carries out commands on a group
of files by specifying a pattern to It performs memory management.
match
Shell commands like ls, mkdir and It performs process management.
many more can be used to request to
Shell Kernel
complete the specific operation to
the OS.
It is the outer layer of OS. It is the inner layer of OS.
Kernel directly interacts with the hardware
It interacts with user and interprets to
by accepting machine understandable
machine understandable language.
language from the shell.
Core component of the operating system
Command-line interface that allows
that manages system resources
user interaction
Provides services to other programs
Interprets and translates user
running on the system
commands
Operates at a lower level than the shell
Acts as an intermediary between the
and interacts with hardware
user and the kernel
Provides various features like Responsible for tasks such as memory
command history, tab completion, management, process scheduling, and
and scripting capabilities device drivers
Print
Scanner
er
It is a device that acquires the output (text It is a device that scans the
1. and graphics) from a computer and documents and converts
generates a hard copy of it. them into a digital format.
It is considered as an input
2. It is considered as an output device.
device.
It uses mechanical impact, laser light, or An illuminating lamp is used
3.
nozzle assembly on the on the printing head. on the scan head.
A digital document can be rendered on a This helps reflect the light
4. paper by creating an impact or by using on the lens, which is focused
charges on a photosensitive material. on a CCD array.
Examples of printers include Laser Printers, Examples of scanners
Solid Ink Printers, LED Printers, Business include Flatbed, Sheet−fed,
5.
Inkjet Printers, Home Inkjet, Printers, and 3D Handheld, and Drum
Printers. scanners.
6 In the printer, a digital component is
rendered on the paper by creating an impact or
charges on a photosensitive material.
6
In Scanner, there is a use of illuminating lamp on
the scan head. This lamp reflects the light on to the
lens, which is then focused on the CCD (Charged Couple Device)
array.