NEB – GRADE XI

Mathematics
New Model Questions – 2078 Solution
Set 1
Group ‘A’ (1 × 11 =11)
Rewrite the correct option in your own answer sheet.
1. For any two real numbers x and y
a) |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≤ |𝑥| − |𝑦| b) |𝑥 − 𝑦| < |𝑥| − |𝑦|
c) |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≥ |𝑥| − |𝑦| d) |𝑥 − 𝑦| > |𝑥| − |𝑦|
 |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≥ |𝑥| − |𝑦|
2. A square matrix A is symmetrical if and only if
a) 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴 b) 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴 c) 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴−1 d) 𝐴𝑇 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴
 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
3. If = = ,then the triangle ABC is
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
a) scalene b) isosceles c) equilateral d) right angled.
 Equilateral
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Hint: = = =k = = =2R
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
⇒ a = k cosA ⇒ a = 2R sinA
⇒ k cosA = 2R sinA
2𝑅
⇒ cotA =
𝑘
2𝑅 2𝑅
Similarly, cotB = and cotC =
𝑘 𝑘
⇒cotA = cotB = cot C
⇒ 𝐴 = 𝐵 = 𝐶 ∴ Triangle ABC is equilateral ∆.
4. The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisector of the side of a triangle is called
a) orthocenter b) circumcenter c) centroid d) incenter
 Circumcenter
5. The general equation of second degree 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 represent the circle if
a) h = 0 b) a = b c) a – b = h d) a = b and h = 0
 a = b and h = 0
6. If |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| then
a) 𝑎⃗ // 𝑏⃗⃗ b) 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑏⃗⃗ c) a = b d) none of these
 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑏⃗⃗
2 2 2 2
Hint: |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| ⇒ (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ ) ⇒ 𝑎⃗2 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ 2 = 𝑎⃗2 − 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ 2 ⇒ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0
∴ 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑏⃗⃗
7. The distribution in which mean = 60 and mode = 50, will be
a) positively skewed b) negatively skewed c) symmetrical d) none
 positively skewed (A distribution is positively skewed if mean > median > mode)

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel

 1
8. lim 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 is equal to
𝑥→0
a) 0 b) ∞ c) 1 d) does not exist
 The correct option is a. 0
1
Hint: lim 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 0 x any finite number between -1 and 1 = 0
𝑥→0
9. ∫ 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 is equal to
a) 12𝑥 2 + c b) 4𝑥 3 +c c) 𝑥 4 +c d) 𝑥 3 +c
 𝑥 4 +c
𝑥4
Hint: ∫ 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 4 +c = 𝑥 4 +c
4
10. Which of the following statement is true?
a) Error is always positive. b) Absolute error may or may not be less than 1.
c) Relative error is always less than 1. d) Truncation error is always negative
 Absolute error may or may not be less than 1.
11. A train accelerates at 2 m/s2 from initial velocity of 5 m/s. The distance travelled by train Bin 10 s is
a) 50m b) 100m c) 150m d) 200m
 150m
1 1
Hint: s = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 a𝑡 2 ⇒ s = 5(10) + 2(10)2 = 50 + 100 = 150m
2
OR
11. When % change in quantity demand is equal to % change in price, the elasticity of demand is
a) > 1 q b) <1 c) 1 d) 0
 1
Hint: price elasticity demand (Ed )= % change in quantity demand (∆Qd %) / % change in price (∆P%)
But, ∆Qd % = ∆P% ∴ Ed = 1

Group ‘B’ (5 × 8 =11)

12. (a) If A, B and C are any three non-empty sets, prove that: A – (B ∩ C) = (A – B) ∪ (A – C) (2)
 Solution:
A – (B ∩ C) = {x: x 𝜖 A – (B ∩ C)}
= {x: x 𝜖 A and x ∉ (B ∩ C)}
= {x: x 𝜖 A and (x ∉ B or x ∉ C)}
= {x: (x 𝜖 A and x ∉ B) or (x 𝜖 A and x ∉ C)} (using distributive law)
= {x: x 𝜖 (A – B) ∪ x 𝜖 (A – C)}
= (A – B) ∪ (A – C)
12. (b) Define function. Let f: R →R be defined by f(x) = 2x + 5. Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). (3)
 Solution:
Part1:
Function is defined as relation or rule from set A to set B that associates each element of A with
a unique element of B. A function f from set A to set B is denoted by f: A→B.
Part II:
Let y= f(x) ⇒ x = 𝑓 −1 (y)............... (i)
We have, y = 2x + 5
or, x = (y – 5)/2 ..................(ii)

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel

 From i and ii, we can write
𝑦−5
𝑓 −1 (y) =
2
Here y is a dummy variable and we can replace it by x.
𝑥−5
∴ 𝑓 −1 (x) =
2

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
13. (a) Examine whether the function f(x) = is odd or even. Also examine for its symmetricity. (2)
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
 Solution:
For odd and even function:
𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑒 −(−𝑥) 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥 −(𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 )
f(-x) = = = = - f(x) [if f(-x) = - f(x) then function is odd]
𝑒 −𝑥 +𝑒 −(−𝑥) 𝑒 −𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
∴ Given function is odd function.
For symmetricity:
Here f(x) is odd function. So, f(x) is symmetric about origin.

𝑥2 + 1 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧
13. (b) Show that | 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑦 +1 𝑦𝑧 |= 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 (3)
𝑥𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑧2 + 1
 Solution:
1
𝑥+𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1
=xyz|| 𝑥 𝑦+𝑦 𝑧 || [ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦]
1
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧+
𝑧

𝑥2 + 1 𝑦2 𝑧2
= | 𝑥2 𝑦2 + 1 𝑧 2 | [ 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶3 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦]
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 + 1
𝑥2 + 1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 𝑦2 𝑧2
= |𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1 + 𝑧 2 𝑦2 + 1 𝑧 2 | [ 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 ]
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 + 1 𝑦2 𝑧2 + 1
1 𝑦2 𝑧2
= 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 |1 𝑦 2 + 1 𝑧 2 | [ 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶1 ]
1 𝑦2 𝑧2 + 1
1 − 1 𝑦 2 − (𝑦 2 + 1) 𝑧2 − 𝑧2
2 2 2
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 |1 − 1 𝑦 2 + 1 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 − (𝑧 2 + 1)| [ 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 ]
1 𝑦2 𝑧2 + 1

0 −1 0
2 2 2
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 |0 1 −1 |
1 𝑦2 𝑧2 + 1
Expanding along 𝐶1 , we get
= (1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ){1(1 − 0)}
= 1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
Prepared by: Prabin Poudel
14. (a) Find the equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 =0 (2)
 Solution:
Given 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 0
Comparing with 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 we get a = 2 h = -3 and b = -1
Equation of bisectors of angle between lines is given by ℎ(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥𝑦
So, −3(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (2 + 1)𝑥𝑦
⇒ −3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 3𝑥𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 0 which is required equation of bisector of angle between the lines.
14. (b) Define unit vector. If 𝑎⃗ = (2, -3) and 𝑏⃗⃗ = (4, -2), find unit vector along 4𝑎⃗ – 3𝑏⃗⃗. (3)
 Solution:
4𝑎⃗ – 3𝑏⃗⃗ = 4(2, -3) – 3(4, -2) = (8, -12) – (12, -6) = (-4, -6)
⃗⃗
4𝑎⃗⃗ – 3𝑏 (−4,−6) −4 −6 −2 −3
∴unit vector along 4𝑎⃗ – 3𝑏⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗|
= = (2√13 , 2√13) = ( , )
|4𝑎⃗⃗ – 3𝑏 √(−4)2 +(−6)2 √13 √13

15. (a) For a group of 50 items, ∑𝑥 2 = 600, ∑𝑥=150 and 𝑀𝑜 =1.75, find the Pearsonian coefficient of skewness
 Solution: (3)
2
Given, n = 50, ∑𝑥 = 600, ∑𝑥=150 and 𝑀𝑜 =1.75
∑𝑥 150 ∑𝑥 2 ∑𝑥 2 600 150 2
∴Mean (𝑥̅ ) = 𝑛 = =3 ∴𝜎=√ −( ) =√ − ( ) = 1.735
50 𝑛 𝑛 50 50
𝑥̅ −𝑀𝑜 3−1.75
∴ Pearsonian coefficient of skewness (S𝐾𝑃 ) = = = 0.72
𝜎 1.735
1 2
15. (b) The chance that A can solve a certain problem is and the chance that B can solve it is . find the
4 3
chance that the problem will be solved if they both try. (2)
 Solution:
1 2
Given, P(A) = , P(B) = To find: P(A∪B) =?
4 3
1 2 1 2
P (A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) = + 3 − 4 × 3 = 0.75
4
16. Evaluate: lim (√𝑥 − 𝑎 − √𝑏𝑥)
𝑥→∞
 Solution:
The above function takes the form ∞ - ∞, when we put x = ∞, which is indeterminate.
(√𝑥−𝑎−√𝑏𝑥)
lim × (√𝑥 − 𝑎 + √𝑏𝑥)
𝑥→∞ (√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑏𝑥)
2
(√𝑥−𝑎)2 −(√𝑏𝑥) 𝑥−𝑎−𝑏𝑥
= lim = lim =
𝑥→∞ (√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑏𝑥) 𝑥→∞ (√𝑥−𝑎+√𝑏𝑥)
Dividing numerator and denominator by x we get
𝑎 𝑎
1− −𝑏 1− −𝑏
𝑥 𝑥
= lim = lim
𝑥→∞ √𝑥−𝑎+√𝑏𝑥 𝑥→∞ √ 1 − 𝑎 +√𝑏
𝑥2 𝑥2 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑎
1− −𝑏 1− 0 −𝑏 1−𝑏
∞
= = = =∞(limit does not exist)
1 𝑎 𝑏 √0 −0 +√0 0
√ − 2 +√
∞ ∞ ∞

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel

17. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Solution:
Let I = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 . Let choose u = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 and v = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
Using integration by parts
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥
I = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 – ∫ [ ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥] dx
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
or, I = - ∫ [− ] dx
𝑎 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
or, I = + ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥
or, I = + [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 ∫𝑒𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 - ∫{ ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥}𝑑𝑥]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒𝑎𝑥
or, I = + [ -∫ 𝑎
𝑑𝑥]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑏
or, I = + [ - 𝑎 ∫𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑏
or, I = + [ -𝑎 𝐼]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏2
or, I = + 2 𝑎
- 2 𝐼
𝑎 𝑎
2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 +𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥)
𝑏
or, I + 𝑎2 𝐼 =
𝑎2
2
𝑎 +𝑏 2 𝑎𝑥
𝑒 (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 +𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥)
or, I ( )=
𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 +𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥)
∴ I= +c
𝑎2 +𝑏2

18. How many iterations do you need to get the root if you start with a = 2 and b = 3 for tolerance 10−3 ?
Find the root of 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 lying between 2 and 3 within and error of 10−3using bisection method.
 Solution:
Let’s first verify that given equation has a zero (root) in the interval.
f (2) = 23 − 2(2) − 5 = -1 < 0, f (3) = 33 − 2(3) − 5 = 16 > 0
This implies that f has root in the interval [2, 3]
For no. of iterations:
𝑏−𝑎 3−2
|𝑥𝑛 − 𝛼| ≤ ⇒ 10−3 ≥ ⇒ 2𝑛 ≤ 103
2𝑛 2𝑛
Taking log on both side
𝑛
⇒ 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ≥ 𝑙𝑜𝑔103
3𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3×2.30258
⇒n≥ ⇒n≥ ⇒n≥ 9.96
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 0.693
∴ The total number of iterations required to get root by using bisection method with tolerance 10−3 lying
in the interval [2, 3] is not less than 10.
Finding root:
We have, f (2) = -1<0, f (3) = 16>, mid-point of 2 and 3 is [Link], f (2.5) = 5.625>0
Since -1 and 5.625 has opposite sign so root lies between 2 and 2.5 and their mid-point is 2.25.
∴ f (2.25) = 1.89063 >0. So, root lies between 2 and 2.25 and their mid-point is 2.125.
∴ f (2.125) = 0.3457> 0. So, root lies between 2 and 2.125 and their mid-point is 2.0625.

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel

 ∴ f (2.0625) = -0.35132 <0. So, root lies between 2.125 and 2.0625 and their mid-point is 2.09375.
∴ f (2.09375) = - 0.00894 <0. So, root lies between 2.125 and 2.09375 and their mid-point is 2.10938.
∴ f (2.10938) = 0.16689 > 0. So, root lies between 2.09375 and 2.10938 and their mid-point is 2.10157.
∴ f (2.10157) = 0.07865 > 0. So, root lies between 2.09375 and 2.10157 and their mid-point is 2.09766.
∴ f (2.09766) = 0.03476 > 0. So, root lies between 2.09375 and 2.09766 and their mid-point is 2.09571.
∴ f (2.09571) = 0.01294 > 0. So, root lies between 2.09375 and 2.09571 and their mid-point is 2.09473.
. ∴ f (2.09473) = 0.00199 > 0. So, root lies between 2.09375 and 2.09473 and their mid-point is 2.09424.
∴ f (2.09424) = -0.00348 < 0. So, root lies between 2.09473 and 2.09424 and their mid-point is 2.09449.
∴f (2.09449) = -0.00060.
Therefore, the required root is 2.09449 with f (2.09449) =-0.00060 < 10−3
19. A point moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration describes a and b meters in successive
2(𝑏𝑡1 −𝑎𝑡2 )
intervals at time 𝑡1 and 𝑡2 seconds. Prove that acceleration is .
𝑡1 𝑡2 (𝑡1 +𝑡2 )
 Solution:
1
We have, 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎′𝑡 2 , where s = distance travelled, t= time, 𝑎′ = acceleration, u = initial velocity
1
∴ 𝑎 = 𝑢𝑡1 + 2 𝑎′𝑡1 2 .................... (i)
1
∴ 𝑏 = 𝑢′𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡2 2 ...................(ii)
Here, final velocity after time 𝑡1 𝑖𝑠 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎′𝑡1
The final velocity after time 𝑡1 will be initial velocity for time 𝑡2 .
Putting value of v in equation ii, we get,
1 1
∴ 𝑏 = (𝑢 + 𝑎′𝑡1 )𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡2 2 = 𝑢𝑡2 + 𝑎′𝑡1 𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡2 2...............(iii)
Multiplying equation i by 𝑡2 and iii by 𝑡1 we get
1
𝑎𝑡2 = 𝑢𝑡1 𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡1 2 𝑡2 .........................(iv)
1
𝑏𝑡1 = 𝑢𝑡2 𝑡1 + 𝑎′ 𝑡12 𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡2 2 𝑡1 ........(v)
Subtracting equation v from iv, we get,
1 1
𝑏𝑡1 − 𝑎𝑡2 = 𝑎′ 𝑡12 𝑡2 + 2 𝑎′𝑡2 2 𝑡1 − 2 𝑎′𝑡1 2 𝑡2
1 1
⇒ 𝑏𝑡1 − 𝑎𝑡2 = 𝑎′𝑡1 𝑡2 (𝑡1 + 2 𝑡2 − 2
𝑡1 )
1 1
⇒ 𝑏𝑡1 − 𝑎𝑡2 = 𝑎′𝑡1 𝑡2 (2
𝑡1 + 𝑡2 ) 2
⇒ 2(𝑏𝑡1 − 𝑎𝑡2 ) = 𝑎′𝑡1 𝑡2 (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )
2(𝑏𝑡1 −𝑎𝑡2 )
⇒ 𝑎′ = Proved.
𝑡1 𝑡2 (𝑡1 +𝑡2 )

19. The supply schedule of a commodity changes as follows in two cases:

Price (Rs) Case A: Quantity Supplied Case B: Quantity Supplied

1 20 0
2 40 20
3 60 40
4 80 60
5 100 80
Prepared by: Prabin Poudel
 i. Calculate the elasticity of supply when price rise from Rs 2 to Rs 3 in both Case A and Case B.
ii. Why does elasticity of supply differ in two case even though absolute change in quantity supply is 20
unit in both the cases?
 Solution:
i)
For Case A
𝑄1= 40, 𝑄2 =60, 𝑃1 = 2 and 𝑃2 = 3
(𝑄2 −𝑄1 ) 𝑃1 (60−40) 2
Elasticity of supply(𝐸𝑆 ) = × = × =1
(𝑃2 −𝑃1 ) 𝑄1 (3−2) 40
For case B
𝑄1= 20, 𝑄2 =40, 𝑃1 = 2 and 𝑃2 = 3
(𝑄2 −𝑄1 ) 𝑃1 (40−20) 2
Elasticity of supply(𝐸𝑆 ) = × = × =2
(𝑃2 −𝑃1 ) 𝑄1 (3−2) 20
ii) elasticity of supply differ in two case even though absolute change in quantity supply is 20
unit in both the cases because there is difference in % change in quantity supplied i.e., 50% in
Case A and 100% in Case B.
OR
Because elasticity measures a relative change not absolute change.

Group ‘C’
20. a) Write |𝑥 + 2| < 4 without using modulus sign (2)
 Solution:
|𝑥 + 2| < 4
⇒ −4 < 𝑥 + 2 < 4
⇒ −4 − 2 < 𝑥 + 2 − 2 < 4 − 2 [ adding -2 on all sides]
⇒ −6 < 𝑥 < 2
1 1 1 1
20. b) If H be the harmonic mean between a and b, prove that + = + (2)
𝐻−𝑎 𝐻−𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
 Solution:
Here, H is harmonic mean between a and b. So, we can write
2𝑎𝑏
H=
𝑎+𝑏
1 1
L.H.S = +
𝐻−𝑎 𝐻−𝑏
1 1 1 1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
= 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 = 2𝑎𝑏−𝑎(𝑎+𝑏) + 2𝑎𝑏−𝑏(𝑎+𝑏) = 2 +
−𝑎 −𝑏 𝑎𝑏−𝑎 𝑎𝑏−𝑏2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 1 1
= + = (a +b) ( − )
𝑎(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑏(𝑎−𝑏) 𝑎(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑏(𝑏−𝑎)
𝑏−𝑎
= (a + b) ( )
𝑎𝑏(𝑏−𝑎)
𝑎+𝑏
=
𝑎𝑏
𝑎 𝑏
= +
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
1 1
= 𝑏+𝑎
1 1
= + R.H.S proved
𝑎 𝑏
Prepared by: Prabin Poudel
20. c) Define modulus of a complex number. Find the cube root of unity and verify that the sum of the three
cube roots of unity are zero. (4)
 Solution:
First Part:
Let z = a + ib be a complex number then modulus of z is a non-negative real value denote by |𝑧|
and defined by |𝑧|= √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Second part:
Let z is the cube root of 1, then
⇒ 𝑧3 = 1
⇒ 𝑧3 − 1 = 0
⇒ (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 2 + 𝑧 + 1) = 0
Either z – 1 = 0
∴𝑧=1
Or,
𝑧 2 + 𝑧 + 1= 0
This is quadratic in z and has two roots say w and w’.
−1±√(1)2 −4(1)(1)
𝑧=
2(1)
−1±√−3
=
2
−1±√3i2
=
2
−1±i√3
=
2
Taking positive Taking negative
−1+i√3 −1−i√3
w= w’ =
2 2
−1+i√3 −1−i√3
∴ The cube roots of unity are 1, , .
2 2
Third Part:
The sum of cube root of unity = 1 + w + w’
−1+i√3 −1−i√3
=1+ +
2 2
2−1+i√3−1−𝑖 √3
=
2
=0
21. a) If a = 2, b = √6 and c = √3 − 1, find the angles of the triangle. (4)
 Solution:
Using cosine law,
2 2
𝑏2 +𝑐 2 −𝑎2 (√6) +(√3−1) −22 6+3−2√3+1−4 6−2√3 2√3 √3−2√3
Cos A = = = = =
2𝑏𝑐 2(√6)(√3−1) 2√18−2√6 2√6√3−2√6 2√6√3−2√6

2√3 (√3−1) √3 1
= = =
2√6(√3−1) √3 √2 √2

∴cosA = cos45o ⇒ A = 45o

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel

 2 2
𝑎2 +𝑐 2 −𝑏2 22 +(√3−1) −(√6) 4+(3−2√3+1)−6 2−2√3 2(1−√3) −1
cos B = = = = = =
2𝑎𝑐 2(2)(√3−1) 4(√3−1) 4(√3−1) 4(√3−1) 2

∴cosB = cos 120o ⇒ B = 120o

In any ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

A + B + C = 180o

⇒ C = 180 o – (45 o + 120 o) = 15o

∴ The required angles are A = 45o, B = 120o and C =15o.
21. b) Find the condition under which the line y = mx + c is tangent to the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥.Also find
the equation of tangent in the slope form. (4)
 Solution:
First Part:
We have,
y = mx + c...............(i)
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥................(ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get
(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐)2 = 4𝑎𝑥
⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑥𝑐 + 𝑐 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + (2𝑚𝑐 − 4𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑐 2 = 0
This is quadratic in x and has only one root if and only if its discriminant is zero.
⇒ (2𝑚𝑐 − 4𝑎)2 − 4𝑚2 𝑐 2 = 0
⇒ 4𝑚2 𝑐 2 − 16𝑎𝑚𝑐 + 16𝑎2 − 4𝑚2 𝑐 2 = 0
⇒ 16𝑎2 = 16𝑎𝑚𝑐
⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑚𝑐
𝑎
⇒c=
𝑚
This is the required condition under which line y = mx + c is tangent to the parabola𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥.
Second Part:
𝑎
The equation of tangent in the slope form is y = mx + .
𝑚
𝑑𝑦
22. a) Find if 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 (2)
𝑑𝑥
 Solution:
Given,
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦
Differentiating both side with respect to x.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑎{𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +𝑦 }
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑦 = 3𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 3(𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑦) = 3(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 −𝑎𝑦
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥 −𝑦 2
Prepared by: Prabin Poudel
22. b) Write the criteria for the function y = f(x) to have the local maxima and local minima at a point. Find
the local maxima and minima of f(x) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 5. Also find the point of inflection (6)
 Solution:
First Part:
Criteria for local maxima and local minima:
If function f(x) is defined on the interval (a, b). Then there exists a point m in interval (a, b) such
that 𝑓′(m) =0 and 𝑓′′(m) ≠0. Then f(m) is
a) maximum if 𝑓′′(m)<0
b) minimum if 𝑓′′(m)>0
Second Part:
Given,
f(x) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 5
𝑓′(x) = 6𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 36
𝑓′′(x)= 12𝑥 − 30
For stationary or critical points
𝑓′(x)= 0
6𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 36 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 6 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 2(𝑥 − 3) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
∴ x = 3 or 2.
For local maxima and local minima
When x = 3, 𝑓′′(3) = 12(3) – 30 = 6 > 0 so x = 3 gives minimum value.
∴ f (3) = 2(3)3 − 15(3)2 + 36(3) + 5 = 32
∴ The minimum value of f(x) is 32 at x =3.
When x = 2, 𝑓′′(2) = 12(2) – 30 = -6 < 0 so x = 2 gives maximum value.
∴ f (2) = 2(2)3 − 15(2)2 + 36(2) + 5 = 33
∴ The maximum value of f(x) is 33 at x =2.
For point of inflection:
𝑓′′′(x)= 12 ≠0. So, point of inflection exists.
𝑓′′(x)= 0
⇒ 12x – 30 = 0
30 5
⇒x= =
12 2
5
∴ The point of inflection is at x = .
2

Prepared by: Prabin Poudel