English Version

1. In each of the following, determine whether the pair of plane figures are congruent by observation.
(a)

(b)

(c)

Find the unknowns in each of the following. (2  9)

2. ABC  XYZ 3. DEF  LMN
A D
c b
8 L
M
B a C

p 9 r q
X
7 5 N

Z 11 Y
E 3 F

4. IJK  PQR 5. TUV  DEF

 I T D
x 2.7 x 4
U E
J y K

R 5.2 Q 23°
y 8
h
z 3.4
P F
V
6. PQR  LMN 7. ABC  IJK
P A I
u 120° a 56°
Q 12 R
c C K 80°
N v M

h 5 b 44°
L
B J

8. DEF  XYZ 9. LMN  TUV

F L N U
D 18° g
x
112° h

E
Y 57° k
33°
y
M V T
50° z
X Z

Find the unknowns in each of the following. (10  15)

10. ABC  DEF 11. PQR  LMN
A D P M

58°
x+9
2x
8

F Q 5y + 3°
C
2x  2 N
L
5 3y + 2 R

B E

12. ABC  ADC 13. PQS  RSQ

5.2
 A P

2x + y + 3
3q x+y
p+3 2p  2

Q S
B D
6
13
q + 20°
R

C
14. WXY  WZY 15. ABD  CDB
W A D

p
27°
x+2 2x  1

y
q r
B 5 C
X Y Z

16. In the figure, ABD is a straight line and D is the foot of A

perpendicular from A to CE. If BCD  EAD , 2 cm

B
(a) find the length of DE,
(b) find the area of ADE.

C 8 cm D E

17. It is given that LMN  XYZ . If XY  7, MLN  42 and

XYZ  38 ,
(a) find the length of LM,
(b) find XZY.

18. In the figure, PQR  RSP. P S

(a) Find the length of PS.

(b) A rectangular coordinate system, with R as the origin, is 6
introduced such that QR lies on the negative x-axis, PR
lies on the positive y-axis and the coordinates of Q are
(4, 0). Q 4 R

(i) Write down the coordinates of P and S.

(ii) If TPS  RSP , write down the possible coordinates
of T.

5.3
19. The figure shows two congruent triangles. Find all possible A P
sets of values of x and y.
6 6
x+3
10
C R

2y  4 8

B Q

20. (a) Divide the figure into 3 congruent figures.

(b) If the figure can be divided into n congruent triangles,
find the least number of n.

[ The figures in this exercise may not be drawn to scale. ]

In each of the following, two congruent triangles are given. State the reason for each pair of congruent
triangles. (1  2)
1. 2. 3

7
6 7 8
5 3

8 6 5

Determine whether each of the following pairs of triangles must be congruent. If they are, write down
the pair of congruent triangles and give the reason. (3  10)
3. A 4. D
U 9 W
X
8
40°
60°
E 9
8 10

80° 10
80° 40°
C Y V
60° Z F

5.4
 5. I 6. L O

12
R
6
K
12 111° 6
111° N
8 8
6 P
S T
33° 6 33°
J

M Q

7. A D 8. I L

55° 50° 50°

5
9

J 60° N

55° 66° 66°

60° 5
B 9 C E F
K
M

9. R 11 T 10. U
O 88°
X
77°
77°
88° S 5
10
P
11 30° 60°
Q
Y 10 Z

V 5 W

In each of the following, which triangles must be congruent? Give the reason. (11  15)
11. I P R X
21° 37°
37° 21° 8 21° 37°
J 8 K Q Y 8 Z

12. I P
4 K X

4 4
3 3

J Q R Y 3 Z

5.5
13. X
I P R
44°
9 44°
7
44° K 7 9
9
7

J Q Y
Z

14. I R X 8 Z

8 8 P 7 7

J 7 K Q Y

15. P
I
X

7 60°
7
30°
J 7 K
70° Y Z
Q R

For each of the following, determine whether ABC must have only one possible size and shape.
(16  20)
16. AB  6 cm, BC  5 cm, CA  7 cm 17. BC  11 cm, BAC  88, ACB  22

18. AB  9 cm, BC  7 cm, ABC  90 19. BAC  77, ABC  52, ACB  51

20. AC  9 cm, BAC  111, ACB  22

21. (a) Find the lengths of OA, OB and OC. 105 90 75
120 60
(b) Find AOB and BOC. 135 45
(c) Write down a pair of congruent triangles and give the 150 B 30
reason. 165 15
A 0
180 I
O1 2 3 4 5 6
195 345
210 330
225 315
240 C 300
255 270 285

22. A(0, 7) is rotated anticlockwise about the origin O through

5.6
 90 to B. C is the reflection image of B with respect to the
y-axis.
(a) Write down the coordinates of B and C.
(b) Find the lengths of OB and OC.
(c) Write down a pair of congruent triangles and give the
reason.
(d) Billy claims that ABC is an isosceles triangle. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.
A
23. In the figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon. BD and CE
intersect at F.
(a) Are BCD and EDC congruent? If they are, give the B E
reason.
F
(b) Write down another pair of congruent triangles.

C D

[ The figures in this exercise may not be drawn to scale. ]

1. In each of the following, determine whether the pair of plane figures are similar by observation.
(a)

(b)

(c)

Find the unknowns in each of the following. (2  7)

2. ABC ~ XYZ 3. DEF ~ LMN

5.7
 A D
y
x
C m
N
9 n
X 8
3 2 10 32° L
M 4
Y Z
100°
B
E
F

4. IJK ~ PQR 5. TUV ~ DEF

Q T

I 27° b 18 F
2
6 p 6
q
J 4 a V
K R D
P 7
27 E

6. XYZ ~ IJK 7. PQR ~ LMN

J P L
X 67° h+k
h k+1
10
58° N 7 M

b c Q 14 R
Y Z
a 55°
I K

Determine whether each of the following pairs of triangles must be similar. If they are, write down the
pair of similar triangles and give the reason. (8  11)
8. X 9. D

U 5 W
A 8
15 15 7
4 7
V
B Y
6 C 12 E 21 F
Z

10. R 6 11. L
T
I P
50°
7 10 60°
3 50° R

J 5 K 14

Q
S 60° 70°
M
N

5.8
In each of the following, which triangles must be similar? Give the reason. (12  14)
12. X
P
I
6 12 18
40° K R Z
7 40°
J 18
40° 21
Q
Y

13. I P

X
9 8
16 10 5 3

R 4 Z
Y
K 6
12 Q
J

14. P X
I
65° 65°
55°

70°
60° 60° R Z
K
J Q Y

15. In the figure, ABC and AED are straight lines. If ABE ~ ADC, find x and y.
A

70° E
x
B

y 50°
C D

16. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. If ABC ~ DBA, find x.

A

B 4 C x D

17. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where AD // BC . AC and BD intersect at E.

5.9
 A D
38° 42°

B C

(a) Find ACB and CBD.

(b) Write down a pair of similar triangles and give the reason.

18. In the figure, ABC is a straight line.

A

21

B
4
C 10 D

(a) Are ACD and DCB similar? If they are, give the reason.
(b) Emma claims that BD is shorter than half of AD. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

19. In the figure, AED and CBE are straight lines.

A
5
3
2 B
C E
4

8
10

(a) Are ABE and CDE similar? If they are, give the reason.
(b) Find AEB.

20. It is given that ABC ~ XYZ. If AB  AC and YXZ  50 , find XYZ.

5.10
21. In the figure, ABD ~ BCD. Find the area of ABCD.
A
25 cm

15 cm

B 12 cm C

22. In the figure, the perimeter of the square ABCE is 64 cm. D and F are points lying on CE and AE
respectively.
A F E

B C

(a) Write down a pair of similar triangles and give the reason.
(b) Find the area of BDF.

23. In the figure, ABCD and DEFG are straight lines. It is given that ADG ~ BDF ~ CDE.
A

C
3

D 4 E 4 F 4 G

(a) Do DE, DF and DG form an arithmetic sequence? Explain your answer.

(b) Do DC, DB and DA form an arithmetic sequence? Explain your answer.

5.11
 12. PQR  YZX (R.H.S.)

13. IJK  ZYX (S.A.S.)

14. IJK  PQR (S.S.S.)

or IJK  PRQ (S.S.S.)

15. IJK  YXZ (A.S.A.)

or IJK  YXZ (A.A.S.)
Exercise 5B (page 5.2)
16. Yes
1. (a) Yes (b) No
(c) Yes 17. Yes

2. a  11, b  7, c  5 18. Yes

3. p  8, q  9, r  3 19. No

4. x  3.4, y  5.2, z  2.7 20. Yes

5. h  23, x  4, y  8 21. (a) OA  5 units, OB  4 units, OC  5 units

(b) AOB  135, BOC  135
6. h  120, u  5, v  12
(c) OAB  OCB (S.A.S.)
7. a  56, b  44, c  80
22. (a) B(7, 0), C(7, 0)
8. x  50, y  112, z  18 (b) OB  7 units, OC  7 units
(c) AOB  AOC (S.A.S.)
9. g  33, h  57, k  90
or AOB  COA (S.A.S.)
10. x  4, y  1 (d) Yes

11. x  11, y  11 23. (a) Yes; BCD  EDC (S.A.S.)

(b) BCF  EDF
12. p  5, q  10

13. x  4, y  2

14. p  27, q  90, r  63 Exercise 5D (page 5.9)

15. x  3, y  45 1. (a) Yes
(b) Yes
16. (a) 6 cm (b) 24 cm 2 (c) No
17. (a) 7 (b) 100 2. x  100, y  6
18. (a) 4 3. m  32, n  5
(b) (i) P(0, 6), S(4, 6)
(ii) (4, 0), (4, 12) 4. a  27, b  12

19. x  7, y  6 or x  5, y  7 5. p  21, q  9

20. (b) 9 6. a  58, b  67, c  55

7. h  5, k  3

8. No
Exercise 5C (page 5.6) 9. Yes; DEF ~ UVW (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
1. S.S.S.
10. Yes; IJK ~ TRS (3 sides proportional)
2. S.A.S.
11. Yes; LMN ~ RPQ (A.A.A.)
3. No
4. Yes; DEF  UVW (S.S.S.) 12. IJK ~ XYZ (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
5. Yes; IJK  STR (S.A.S.) 13. PQR ~ YXZ (3 sides proportional)
6. No 14. IJK ~ RQP (A.A.A.)
7. Yes; ABC  EDF (A.S.A.) 15. x  50, y  70
8. No 16. 5
9. Yes; OPQ  STR (A.A.S.) 17. (a) ACB  38, CBD  42
10. Yes; UVW  YZX (R.H.S.) (b) AED ~ CEB (A.A.A.)

11. IJK  XZY (A.S.A.) 18. (a) Yes; ratio of 2 sides, inc. 

5.12
 (b) Yes

19. (a) Yes; 3 sides proportional

(b) 90

20. 65

21. 204 cm 2

22. (a) ABF ~ EFD (A.A.A.)

(b) 80 cm 2

23. (a) Yes

(b) Yes

5.13
 English Version

10 Mensuration

[ In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary. ]

Find the circumference of each of the following circles. (1  2)

1. 2.
4.5 cm

18 cm

3. Find the circumference of each of the following circles.

(a) A circle of diameter 35 cm (Take   3.14.)
22
(b) A circle of radius 19.6 cm (Take   .)
7

4. If the circumference of a circle is 75.36 m, find the radius of the circle. (Take   3.14.)

22
5. The circumference of a circular plate is 44 cm. Find the diameter of the plate. (Take   .)
7

The following figures are formed by semi-circles. Find the perimeter of each figure. (Express your answers
in terms of .) (6  8)
6. 7. 8.
8 cm 6 cm
3 cm
6 cm
3 cm 3 cm
5 cm

2 cm

9. A rope of 198 cm long is used to surround the circular base of a can 6 times. Find the diameter of
the base of the can.

1
10. The tip of the hour hand of a clock moves 100.48 cm in a day. Find the length of the hour hand.
(Take   3.14.)
14 cm
11. Judy bends a wire into a semi-circle of radius 14 cm. Find the
length of the wire.

12. The figure is formed by a quadrant and semi-circles.

10 cm
Find the perimeter of the figure.

10 cm

13. The figure is formed by semi-circles and straight lines. Find the
perimeter of the figure.
7 cm 7 cm
6 cm 6 cm
6 cm

14. The figure is formed by quadrants and straight lines. Find the
perimeter of the figure.

8 cm

9 cm
15. The ratio of the circumferences of two circles is 5 : 3. What is the ratio of their radii?

16. The diameter of a car wheel is 48 cm. If the wheel makes 550 revolutions per minute, find the speed of
the car in km/h.

17. The radius of a bicycle wheel is 0.3 m. If Eva rides the bicycle at a constant speed of 10 km/h for 20
minutes, how many revolutions does the wheel make? (Give your answer correct to the nearest
integer.)

18. In the figure, the square is formed by a wire and its area
is 484 cm2 .
(a) Find the length of the wire.
(b) If the wire is bent into a quadrant, find the radius of
the quadrant.

19. In the figure, a circular lawn is surrounded by a path of

uniform width. The difference between the circumferences of
the lawn and the outer edge of the path is 11 m. Find the
width of the path. (Give your answer correct to 3
significant figures.)

20. The figure is formed by a semi-circle and a right-angled

2
 triangle ABC. AB : BC  20 : 21.
(a) Find the radius of the semi-circle.
(b) Find the perimeter of the figure.

[ In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary. ]

Find the area of each of the following circles. (1  2)

1. 2.

19 cm

7 cm

3. Find the area of each of the following circles.

(a) A circle of radius 15 cm (Take   3.14.)
22
(b) A circle of diameter 25.2 cm (Take   .)
7

4. The area of a discus is 350 cm2. Find the radius of the discus.

The following figures are formed by semi-circles and straight lines. Find the area of each figure. (Express
your answers in terms of .) (5  7)
5. 6. 7.
5 cm 3 cm
4 cm

6 cm 4 cm 6 cm
8 cm 2 cm
1 cm

8. The circumference of a circular flying disc is 75 cm. Find the area of the flying disc.
9. A circular farm of area 42 m2 is surrounded by a fence. Find the length of the fence.
10. The figure is formed by a quadrant, semi-circles and a straight
line. Find the area of the figure.
10 cm

10 cm

11. The figure is formed by a semi-circle and straight lines. Find the

3
 area of the figure.

12. The figure is formed by a quadrant, a semi-circle and a straight

line. Find the area of the figure.

13. Daisy wants to cut the largest circle from the rectangular C B
cardboard ABCD as shown in the figure. Find the area of the
circle obtained by Daisy. 11 cm

D 19 cm A

14. The figure consists of two concentric circles. The ratio of the A
radius of the inner circle to that of the outer circle is 2 : 3. The
circumference of the inner circle is 12 cm.
B
(a) Find the radius of the outer circle.
(b) What is the difference between the areas of region A and
region B? (Express your answer in terms of .)

15. The figure is formed by two quadrants of radii r cm each and

straight lines. The perimeter of the figure is 63 cm.
(a) Find the value of r.
(b) Find the area of the figure.

16. In the figure, the ratio of the radii of two circles is 7 : 9.

(a) Find the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the
larger circle.
(b) If the area of the shaded region is 48 cm2 , find the area of the
smaller circle.

17. The figure is formed by a circle, three identical quadrants and

straight lines. If the area of the shaded region is 273 cm2, find the
value of y.

18. In the figure, four circles of radii 4 cm each is enclosed by a

4 cm
rectangle. Find the area of the shaded region.

4
19. The figure shows a quadrant. D is a point lying on OA such that O

OA  BD and OD  BD  2 AD . BC  15 cm .
(a) Find the length of OC. D

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. C 15 cm A

B

20. In the figure, ABCD is a semi-circle with centre O. E and F are B C

points lying on AD. The length of the side of square BCEF is 10 cm

10 cm. OE  OF .
(a) Find the radius of the semi-circle.
A F O E D
(b) What percentage of the figure is shaded?

21. The difference between the radii of two circles is 10 cm and the difference between the areas of these
two circles is 660 cm2 .
(a) Find the sum of the radii of two circles.
(b) Find the radii of two circles.
(c) Howard claims that the sum of the areas of two circles is greater than 900 cm2. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
(Express your answers in terms of  if necessary.)

[ In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessar y. ]


In each of the following figures, find the length of AB . (1  2)
1. A 2.

5 cm 213°

A 8 cm O
67°
O B
B

In each of the following figures, find the area of sector AOB. (3  4)

3. B
4.

7 cm O
141° 4 cm
42°
O
B
23 cm
A


5. In the figure, the length of AB is 23 cm and AOB  136. Find
A

A
the radius of the sector.
136°
B
O
5
 B

6. In the figure, the area of sector AOB is 400 cm2 . Find the angle at 14 cm
the centre of the sector. O

7. The angle at the centre and the area of a sector are 125  and
50 cm2 respectively.
(a) Find the radius of the sector.
(b) Find the perimeter of the sector.

8. The arc length and the area of a sector are 10 cm and 30 cm2
respectively.
(a) Find the radius of the sector.
(b) Find the angle at the centre of the sector.

9. The figure is formed by OBD, sector OAB and sector OCD. AOC
is a straight line.
(a) Find the length of OD.
(b) Find the area of the figure.

10. A sector is formed by a wire of 70 cm long and the angle at the

centre of the sector is 48.
(a) Find the radius of the sector.
(b) If the wire is bent into a new sector and the radius of the new
sector is half of that obtained in (a), find the angle at the
centre of the new sector.

11. In the figure, OAB is a sector and OCB is a semi-circle. The

perimeter of the figure is 65 cm.
(a) Find the length of OA.
(b) Find the area of the figure.


12. In the figure, OAB is a sector. OC and AB intersect at D such C

that OD  DC .
(a) Find the length of AC. A
D
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.
7 cm
60°
80°
O

B
6
13. The figure shows a piece of grassland ABCDEF. A cow is tied to
the post at A with a rope. Find the area of grassland that the cow
can eat in each of the following situations.
(a) The rope is 5 m long.
(b) The rope is 9 m long.
(Ignore the size of the cow in the calculation.)

14. In the figure, OAB and OCD are two sectors with centre O. The
perimeter of the shaded region is (20  40) cm and OA : AC  3 : 4.
(a) Find the length of OA.
(b) Find the area of the shaded region in terms of .

15. In the figure, O is the centre of sector AOB.

(a) Find the length of OA.
(b) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
(c) Find the area of the shaded region.

16. In the figure, O is the centre of semi-circle ABC and A is the B

centre of arc OB.
(a) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
(b) Find the area of the shaded region. A O 9 cm C
A

  
17. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm. The
centres of BPC , AQ C and AR B are A, B and C respectively. Find
R Q

the area of the shaded region.

20 cm
B C
18. In the figure, OADB is a sector and ACB is a semi-circle. M is
P
the mid-point of AB. OM  5 cm and OA  10 cm.
(a) Find the length of AM.
(b) Find the angle at the centre of sector OADB.
(c) Find the area of the shaded region.

19. In the figure, O and C are the centres of sectors OAB and CAD
respectively. BDC is a straight line.
(a) Find the angle at the centre of sector OAB.
(b) Find the length of OB.
(c) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
(d) Find the area of the shaded region.

7
[ In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary. ]

Find the volume of each of the following cylinders. (Express your answers in terms of .) (1  2)
1. 2.

Find the total surface area of each of the following cylinders. (Express your answers in terms of .) (3  4)
3. 4.

5. The height and the capacity of a cylindrical rubbish bin without a lid are 32 cm and 2 888 cm3
respectively.
(a) Find the base radius of the rubbish bin.
(b) Find the total surface area of the rubbish bin.

6. The base diameter and the total surface area of a cylinder are 16 cm and 240 cm2 respectively.
(a) Find the height of the cylinder.
(b) Find the volume of the cylinder in terms of .

7. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 110 cm2 and the

circumference of its base is 10 cm.
(a) Find the height of the cylinder.
(b) Find the volume of the cylinder.

8. In the figure, the uniform cross-section of a solid is a semi-circle

and the volume of the solid is 125 cm3.
(a) Find the base radius of the solid.
(b) If the cost of painting the solid is $0.8/ cm2 , find the total
painting cost.

9. The base diameter and the height of a cylinder are the same. The

8
 total surface area of the cylinder is 486 cm2 .
(a) Find the height of the cylinder.
(b) Find the volume of the cylinder in terms of .

10. A cylindrical container of base radius 5 cm is filled with water of volume 240 cm3. After putting 4
identical weights into the container, the depth of water becomes 4.4 cm. Find the volume of a weight.

11. Figure I shows a spiral staircase formed by 4 steps of height 15 cm each. The uniform cross-section of
each step is a sector of radius 40 cm. The angles at the centre of these 4 sectors are 30, 60, 90 and
120 (see Figure II). Find the volume of the spiral staircase.

40 cm 40 cm
30°
60°

15 cm

15 cm
40 cm 40 cm
15 cm
90° 120°
15 cm

Figure I Figure II

12. The solid in the figure is formed by two cylinders. The base diameters of the upper and the lower
cylinders are 5 cm and 22 cm respectively. The height of the solid is 18 cm and the height of the upper
cylinder is twice that of the lower cylinder. Find the total surface area of the solid. (Express your
answer in terms of .)
5 cm

18 cm

22 cm

13. A metal cylinder of base radius 5 cm and height 24 cm is melted and recast into 12 smaller identical
metal cylinders of height 12.5 cm each.
(a) Find the base radius of each smaller metal cylinder.
(b) Find the percentage increase in the total surface area of the metal cylinder.

14. Figure I shows a hollow paper cylinder of base radius 4 cm. Its curved surface area is 144 cm2 .

9
 (a) Find the height of the hollow cylinder.
(b) The cylinder is cut along AB vertically and flattened out to become a rectangular paper (see
Figure II). The paper is then rolled up until AC touches BD, and two bases are added to form the
cylinder in Figure III. Kyle claims that the volume of the cylinder in Figure III is greater
than 630 cm3. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

15. The figure shows two containers X and Y in the shapes of a triangular prism and a cylinder
respectively. Container X is fully filled with water.

(a) Find the length of AC.

(b) All water in container X is poured into container Y.
(i) Find the depth of water in container Y.
(ii) Now, n marbles of volume 8 cm3 each are put into container Y. If the marbles are immersed in
water and no water overflows, find the maximum value of n.

16. The figure shows a wooden cylindrical cup of height 15 cm and uniform thickness 1 cm (including the
base). The ratio of the area of the outer curved surface to that of the inner curved surface is 5 : 4.

(a) Find the inner base radius of the cup.

(b) Find the volume of wood required to make the cup.

10
  
17. Figure I shows the uniform cross-section of a container for minced shrimp. It is given that O is the
centre of ACB and DFE , OA  OB  2 cm , AD  BE  0.5 cm and AOB  125 . The length of the
container is 10 cm (see Figure II).


(a) Find the lengths of ACB and DFE .

(b) Find the total surface area of the container.

18. The figure shows a cylindrical container of base radius 8 cm with some water inside. The total area of
the wet surface of the container is 304 cm2 .

(a) Find the depth of water.

(b) A solid cylinder of base radius 3 cm is put into the container vertically and it is just immersed in
water. Find the rise in water level.

19. The figure shows a rectangular tank with square base and the tank
is fully filled with water. The height and the total area of all lateral
surfaces of the tank are 12 m and 432 m2 respectively.
(a) Find the length of the side of the base of the tank.
(b) A pipe is connected at the bottom of the tank. The
cross-section of the pipe is a circle of diameter 40 cm, and the
water in the tank is released through the pipe at 0.9 m/s. Find
the time required to release all water from the tank. (Give your
answer correct to the nearest minute.)

11
Find the unknowns in each of the following pairs of similar figures. (1  4)
1. 2.
6 cm

x cm
6 cm

3 cm

12 cm 8 cm

Area  x cm 2 Area  16 cm 2 Area  y cm 2

Area  42 cm 2

3. 4. y cm

x cm

7.2 cm

3.8 cm 15 cm

Area  275 cm 2 Area  99 cm 2 x cm

Area  40 cm 2 Area  360 cm 2

5. The figure shows two similar quadrilaterals ABCD and

PQRS of perimeters 45 cm and 60 cm respectively. If the D S
area of quadrilateral PQRS is 208 cm2 , find the area of
B C Q R
quadrilateral ABCD.

6. The figure shows two similar posters A and B of widths

9 cm and 15 cm respectively. What is the area of poster A as
a percentage of that of poster B?

7. In the figure, ABCD and AFGE are two similar figures. If the area B C

of AFGE is 56 cm2 , find the area of ABCD. 4 cm

G
F

8 cm

A E D
D C

12 R Q
6 cm
A P B
 8. In the figure, ABCDEF and APQRST are two similar figures. Their
areas are 125 cm2 and 20 cm2 respectively. If AP  6 cm, find the
length of PB.

9. The scale of the floor plan of a flat is 1 cm to 1.5 m. If the area of

the sitting room on the floor plan is 8.1 cm2 , find its actual area.

4 cm
B E
P S

10. In the figure, ABCDE and APQRS are two similar pentagons. The
areas of ABCDE and the shaded region are 64 cm2 and 36 cm2 C D
respectively. If BP  4 cm , find the length of AB. G D A
Q R
11. In the figure, ABCD and AEFG are two similar rectangles. If the
24 AE
area of the shaded region is of the area of ABCD, find .
25 AB

C
B

F E
12. In the figure, ABCDE and APQRS are two similar pentagons. It is B D

given that AP : PB  5 : 4 and the area of the shaded region is

larger than that of APQRS by 93 cm2 . Find the area of APQRS. R
P
C

13. In the figure, AB : AD : AF  2 : 5 : 7 . Find the ratio of the area of A S E

G
BCED to that of DEGF.
E

A B D F

1. The length and width of a rectangular signboard are measured as

2.3 m and 1.2 m respectively, correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the length.
(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the width.

2. The figure shows ABC and ADE. The lengths of AB and BD D

are measured as 13.6 cm and 10.9 cm respectively, correct to
3 significant figures. B

(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AB.

(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of BD.
E C A

13
 (c) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AD.

B
P
3. The figure shows two pentagons ABCDE and APQRS. The
lengths of AB and AP are measured as 8.47 cm and 6.21 cm
C Q
respectively, correct to 2 decimal places. Find the possible range A

of PB.
S
R
D E

4. The diameter of a circle is measured as 12 cm, correct to 2

significant figures.

(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the diameter.
(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the actual area of the
circle. (Express your answers in terms of .)
5. The figure shows sector AOB. The length of OA is measured as
A
14 cm, correct to the nearest cm. AOB is measured as 125,
correct to the nearest degree.

(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of OA.

(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AOB. B O

(c) Find the least possible area of sector AOB. (Express your
answer in terms of .)

6. The figure shows a right prism. By measurement, AB  2.4 m ,

AD  2.2 m , DC  3.0 m and AF  3.2 m , correct to 1 decimal
place.

(a) (i) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AB.
(ii) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AD.
(iii) Find the upper limit and lower limit of DC.
(iv) Find the upper limit and lower limit of AF.
(b) Is it possible for the actual volume of the prism to be 21 m3 ?
Explain your answer.

7. The length of a wire is measured as 110 cm, correct to 3

significant figures. The wire is then bent into a square.

(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the length of the side
of the square.
(b) Find the possible range of the actual area of the square.

8. In the figure, ABCDEFG is formed by removing EFG from

rectangle ABCD, where all the measurements are correct to 2
significant figures.

14
 (a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the actual area of
rectangle ABCD.
(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of the actual area of
EFG.
(c) Find the possible range of the actual area of ABCDEFG.

9. The figure is formed by two rectangles ABGF and CDEG, where all
the measurements are correct to the nearest 0.1 cm.
(a) Write down the maximum absolute error of the
measurements.
(b) The actual perimeter of the figure is x cm. Find the range of
values of x.
(c) Find the percentage error in calculating the perimeter of the figu re.
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
10. The figure shows parallelogram ABCD. AEB is a straight line. It D 9.3 cm C
is given that all the measurements are correct to 2 significant
figures.
5.7 cm 6.6 cm
(a) Find the upper limit and lower limit of CD.
(b) Find the upper limit and lower limit of BE. A 3.8 cm E B

(c) Find the possible range of the actual perimeter of BCDE.

(d) Find the percentage error in calculating the perimeter of
BCDE. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

Exercise 10B (page 10.3)

1. 153.9 cm 2
Exercise 10A (page 10.1) 2. 283.5 cm 2
1. 56.5 cm
3. (a) 706.5 cm 2 (b) 498.96 cm 2
2. 28.3 cm
4. 10.6 cm
3. (a) 109.9 cm (b) 123.2 cm
5. 20 cm 2
4. 12 m
55
5. 14 cm 6. cm2
2
6. 8 cm 145
7. cm2
8
7. 11 cm
8. 447.6 cm 2
8. 20 cm
9. 23.0 m
9. 10.5 cm
10. 196.3 cm 2
10. 8 cm
11. 132.5 cm 2
11. 72.0 cm
12. 318.0 cm 2
12. 47.1 cm
13. 95.0 cm 2
13. 66.8 cm

14. 73.3 cm 14. (a) 9 cm (b) 9 cm 2

15. 5 : 3 15. (a) 6.1 (b) 155.6 cm 2

16. (a) 49 : 81 (b) 73.5 cm 2
16. 49.8 km/h
17. 5.2
17. 1 768
18. 54.9 cm 2
18. (a) 88 cm (b) 24.6 cm
19. (a) 20.1 cm (b) 93.1 cm 2
19. 1.75 m
20. (a) 11.2 cm (b) 49.1%
20. (a) 21 cm (b) 164.0 cm

15
 66 (b) (i) 19.1 cm (ii) 55
21. (a) cm


(b)  5 

33   33
 cm, 
   

 5  cm

16. (a) 6 cm
 (b) 726 cm 3

17. (a) Length of ACB  8.20 cm, length of DF E  10.3 cm

(c) No (b) 204 cm 2

18. (a) 15 cm (b) 2.45 cm

19. (a) 9 m (b) 143 min

Exercise 10C (page 10.6)
1. 5.85 cm

2. 29.7 cm
Exercise 10E (page 10.14)
3. 60.3 cm 2 1. 4
2
4. 44.4 cm 2. x  4, y  94.5
5. 9.69 cm 3. 12
6. 234 4. x  5, y  11.4
7. (a) 12 cm (b) 50.2 cm 5. 117 cm 2
8. (a) 6 cm (b) 300 6. 36%
9. (a) 21 cm (b) 544 cm 2 7. 126 cm 2
10. (a) 24.7 cm (b) 211 8. 9 cm
2
11. (a) 19.4 cm (b) 295 cm 9. 18.225 m 2
2
12. (a) 12.1 cm (b) 51.0 cm 10. 16 cm
2
13. (a) 19.6 m (b) 65.0 m 2 7
11.
5
14. (a) 15 cm (b) 200 cm 2
12. 75 cm 2
15. (a) 11.3 cm (b) 59.8 cm
13. 7 : 8
(c) 171 cm 2

16. (a) 55.7 cm (b) 84.8 cm 2

17. 282 cm 2
Exercise 10F (page 10.16)
18. (a) 8.66 cm (b) 240
1. (a) Upper limit  2.35 m, lower limit  2.25 m
(c) 135 cm 2
(b) Upper limit  1.25 m, lower limit  1.15 m
19. (a) 225 (b) 8.49 cm
2. (a) Upper limit  13.65 cm, lower limit  13.55 cm
(c) 51.2 cm (d) 182 cm 2
(b) Upper limit  10.95 cm, lower limit  10.85 cm
(c) Upper limit  24.6 cm, lower limit  24.4 cm

3. 2.25 cm  PB  2.27 cm
Exercise 10D (page 10.9)
1. 320 cm 3 4. (a) Upper limit  12.5 cm, lower limit  11.5 cm
3 (b) Upper limit  39.062 5 cm 2,
2. 486 cm
lower limit  33.062 5 cm 2
3. 204 m 2
5. (a) Upper limit  14.5 cm, lower limit  13.5 cm
4. 308 cm 2 (b) Upper limit  125.5, lower limit  124.5
5. (a) 9.5 cm (b) 2 190 cm 2 (c) 63.028 125 cm 2

6. (a) 7 cm (b) 448 cm 3 6. (a) (i) Upper limit  2.45 m, lower limit  2.35 m
(ii) Upper limit  2.25 m, lower limit  2.15 m
7. (a) 11 cm (b) 864 cm 3
(iii) Upper limit  3.05 m, lower limit  2.95 m
8. (a) 5 cm (b) $268 (iv) Upper limit  3.25 m, lower limit  3.15 m
(b) No
9. (a) 18 cm (b) 1 458 cm 3
7. (a) Upper limit  27.625 cm, lower limit  27.375 cm
10. 26.4 cm 3
(b) 749.390 625 cm 2  Actual area of the square
11. 62 800 cm 3  763.140 625 cm 2
12. 434 cm 2 8. (a) Upper limit  428.75 cm 2, lower limit  387.75 cm 2
13. (a) 2 cm (b) 140% (b) Upper limit  60.375 cm 2, lower limit  49.875 cm 2
(c) 327.375 cm 2  Actual area of ABCDEFG
14. (a) 18 cm (b) Yes
 378.875 cm 2
15. (a) 24 cm
9. (a) 0.05 cm

16
 (b) 51.2  x  52
(c) 0.775%

10. (a) Upper limit  9.35 cm, lower limit  9.25 cm

(b) Upper limit  5.6 cm, lower limit  5.4 cm
(c) 26.85 cm  Actual perimeter of BCDE  27.35 cm
(d) 0.923%

17
 English Version

12 Trigonometric Ratios

Find the value of sin  in each of the following figures. (1  3)

1. A 2. D 3. P


12
7 14
11 18 R


B C F
15
E

Find the values of sin  and sin  in each of the following figures. (4  6)
4. H 17 K 5. N 6.
 

45
8 15
36
J L 

27
M
A
7. It is given that sin 30  0.5. Find x in the figure.
24
x

30°
B C
3
8. It is given that sin 60  . Find y in the figure.
2

9. Find the values of the following. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(a) sin 23 (b) 2 sin 35
5
(c) (d) sin 74  1.5
sin 16
(e) sin 66  sin 34 (f ) sin 86  2 sin12
sin 28 2 sin 20  sin 40
(g) (h)
sin 62 sin 10

1
10. Find  in the following. (Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary.)
12
(a) sin   0.2 (b) sin  
55
2
(c) sin   (d) 5 sin   3
5
sin 36
(e) sin   sin10 sin 80 (f ) sin  
2 sin 18

Find x in each of the following figures correct to 3 significant figures. (11  13)
11. H 12. N 13. P

21
x
12 Q 32°
x x
L 59°
34
R
48°
M
J K

Find y in each of the following figures correct to 1 decimal place. (14  16)
14. X 15. A y C 16. D y F
83° 33°
26
y B
42
15

E
40°
Y Z

Find  in each of the following figures correct to the nearest degree. (17  22)
17. G 18. K 19.


4 3
25


H J
L 13 M

20. Z 21. A 65 C 22.

29

X

33
21 56
20
B
Y

23. A notebook computer is opened as shown in the figure. Find .

(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

2
Find the unknowns in the following figures. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
(24  27)
24. A 12 25. ADC is a straight line.
D
 A D C
6 x  26°

9  12
38°
B C
B

26. ABC is a straight line. 27. BCD is a straight line.

A A

B 25
9
8
x

 B C x D
35°
C D
AC
28. The figure shows ABC. Alvin claims that sin   . Do you agree? Explain your answer.
AB
A

19
12


B 15 C

29. A boy walks with his dog in the figure. He holds a rope at A and
the rope is connected to the dog’s collar at B. The rope is
stretched tight and it makes an angle of 25 with the horizontal.
It is given that A and B are 1 m and 0.6 m above the horizontal
ground respectively. Find the length of the rope AB. (Give your
answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

Find the value of cos  in each of the following figures. (1  3)

1. A 2. D 3. G

H
22.5
16 18 9


J
F
  13
B 9 C E

3
Find the values of cos  and cos  in each of the following figures. (4  6)
4. L 5. P 10.6 R 6.
 

37 12
9 5.6

 N
35 Q
M

7. Find the values of the following. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(a) cos17 (b) 3 cos 8
9
(c) (d) cos 36  0.2
cos 74
(e) cos10  cos 50 (f ) 2 cos 28  3 cos 53
cos 44 cos 5
(g) (h)
3 cos 22 3 cos 70  2 cos 82

8. Find  in the following. (Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessa ry.)
23
(a) cos   0.6 (b) cos  
37
1
(c) cos   (d) 2 cos   3
6
2 cos 85
(e) cos   2 cos 50 cos 42 (f ) cos  
cos15

Find x in each of the following figures correct to 3 significant figures. (9  11)

9. A 10. D 11. G

x
29
13 66°
E 18°
x H 14 J
F
46°
B x C

Find y in each of the following figures correct to 1 decimal place. (12  14)
12. L 13. 16 R 14. X
P 24° y
y
y Z
69°
34° Q 11
M 7 N Y

4
Find  in each of the following figures correct to the nearest degree. (15  17)
15. A 16. D 21 F 17.


16

37

C
13
B

18. The figure shows two flagpoles standing vertically at points A

and B on a slope, where the horizontal distance between them
is 200 m. Find the time taken by Marco to walk from A to B at a
speed of 3 m/s. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)
19. In the figure, ABC is a right-angled triangle. Without finding  A
cos 
and , find the value of . 
cos 
5


C
4
B

Find the unknowns in the following figures. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.) ( 20  23)
20. A D 21. E

52° H
x 14
11
 16
F x
B C
78° 
10

22. BCD is a straight line. 23. ABC is a straight line.

A A y D
22°
x 28° x
44°
B
28° 10
C
B 15 C y D

24. The figure shows a hanger, where AB  AC  18 cm and

ABC  32. Find the length of BC. (Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures.)

25. In the figure, two ribbons AP and BP connect a rod ABC to the
ground at P. By how much is the length of AP longer than that
of BP? (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

5
[Link] figure shows a Ferris wheel with centre O and the radius of
20 m. P and Q are the highest points of two cabins of the Ferris
wheel, where P is vertically below the centre O
and POQ  36 . If P is 10 m above the ground, find the height
of Q above the ground. (Give your answer correct to 3
significant figures.)

Find the value of tan  in each of the following figures. (1  3)

1. A 2. D 3. G
27
J

16  F
7
14
28

 E
B 11 C H

Find the values of tan  and tan  in each of the following figures. (4  6)
4. L 5. P 6. X

 R 12.3
5 
24 10.2
 N 25 Y 
17
M 
Q
Z

7. Find the values of the following. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
tan 22
(a) tan 54 (b)
4
12
(c) (d) tan 38 tan 67
tan 35
(e) tan 80  tan 70 (f ) 3 tan 22  2 tan 6
tan 25 tan 43  tan 21
(g) (h)
5 tan 15 tan 10

8. Find  in the following. (Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.)

15
(a) tan   1.7 (b) tan  
28
4
(c) tan   (d) 4 tan   3 2
3

6
 tan 84
(e) tan   4 tan 37 tan 74 (f ) tan  
7 tan 12

Find x in each of the following figures correct to 3 significant figures. (9  14)

9. A 10. D 11. G
16
H 43°
x
x

31° 8
B 13 C
J
63°
E x F

12. L 13. 14.

x
12 15° N

Find  in each of the following figures correct to the nearest degree. (15  17)
15. A 16. F 17. G
31 J

D
13
18  23 19
E

B 27 C H

18. In the figure, the sun rays make an angle of 55 with the horizontal
ground, and the tree casts a shadow BC of 6 m long. Find the height of
the tree. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

19. In the figure, ABC ~ DEF . Find x and y correct to 3 significant

figures.
A y E
F

x 18

B 44° D
20
C

Find the unknowns in the following figures. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
(20  23)

7
20. ADC is a straight line. 21. ACE is a straight line.
A 8 D 6 C 29
A C x E
38° 

x 9 47° 95°

y
B
B

22. PRS and QRT are straight lines. 23. BCD is a straight line.
P A

x
141° x
T
Q 12 R 37°
B 8 C y D


24. In the figure, the rods AB and CD are both 2 m high. A lantern is
hanged at point E on the rope joining A and C, where AE  CE .
It is given that AE makes an angle of 10 with AC and E is
1.8 m above the ground. Find the distance between the rods AB
and CD. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

25. In the figure, ABC is a right-angled triangle. D is a point on A

AC such that AD : DC : BC  2 : 2 : 3 . Judy claims that

ABD  DBC. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
D

B C

[ In this exercise, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary. ]

Find the unknowns in the following figures. (1  6)

1. D 2. E 8 H
53°
A
x 13
14
x
10

32° 
B C F G

8
 3. NPQ is a straight line. 4. ABC and AED are straight lines.
M A
7
49° y 
x
E
29° 10
N 22 P Q
B
3
C x D

5. BCD is a straight line. 6. PSR is a straight line.

A P S R
26° 
28° 30
x
x
28
20°
B y C D
Q

46°
26

7. In the figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral. E is a point on AB such

that AB  DE . Find CDE. D
E

12

B 18 C
A E D

8. In the figure, ABCD is a square. E is a point on AD. Find . 

30

B 24 C
C
9. In the figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral. Find AB.
30 cm 34°

38 cm
D

27°
A B F
10. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle. AED, BEF and FDC are
straight lines. A E
D
(a) Find AB and AE.
10 cm
(b) Find FD.
39°
(c) Tina claims that the sum of the areas of ABE and DEF B 12 cm C

is smaller than half of the area of ABCD. Do you agree?

9
 Explain your answer.

11. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where AD // BC . A 5 cm D

(a) Find the length of BC.
6 cm
(b) Find the area of the trapezium ABCD.
58° 48°
B C

12. In the figure, S is a point on QR produced such that PS  QS .

(a) Find the length of PS.
(b) Find the length of QR.
(c) Find the area of PQR.
(d) Find the perpendicular distance from R to PQ.
B A 9 cm O

[Link] the figure, OBC is a sector. A is a point on OB such that 48°

AC  OB. It is given that OA  9 cm and BOC  48 .

(a) Find the radius of the sector OBC.
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.
C
A

14. In the figure, ABC is a right-angled triangle, where A  28 . 28°

D is a point on AC such that BCD is a sector. Find the area of
the figure. 8 cm D

B C
15. In the figure, O is the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm. A, B, C,
A
D, E, F, G and H are points on the circle such that ABCDEFGH
B H
is a regular octagon.
(a) Find the perimeter of the octagon.
6 cm
C G
(b) Find the area of the octagon. O

D F
E

16. In the figure, a rectangular advertising board is hung on the

vertical wall by two rods AB and AC. It is given that the total
length of the two rods is 8 m.
(a) Find the height of A above the advertising board.
(b) Find the length BD of the advertising board.

17. In the figure, a rectangular block leans against the vertical wall,
where BC makes an angle of 34 with the horizontal ground. It
is given that the height of D above the ground is 23 cm.
(a) Find the lengths of AB and AD.

10
 (b) Find the distance of C from the wall.

18. Figure I shows a piece of rectangular paper. The

paper is folded as shown in Figure II. Let
AE  x cm .
(a) Find the length of BF.
(b) Find the value of x.
(c) Which one of FEC and FCB is greater?
Explain your answer.

18. 31
19. 52
20. 46
21. 59

Exercise 12A (page 12.1) 22. 69

7 23. 127
1.
12
24. x  9.75,   54.3
11
2. 25.   35.8 ,   118
14

3.
5 26.   35 , x  9.36
6
8 15 27.   21.1 , x  13.4
4. sin   , sin   28. No
17 17
4 3 29. 0.946 m
5. sin   , sin  
5 5
5 11
6. sin   , sin  
6 6
Exercise 12B (page 12.4)
7. 12
9
1.
8. 10 16
9. (a) 0.391 13
2.
(b) 1.15 18
(c) 18.1 2
3.
(d) 2.46 5
(e) 1.47 35 12
4. cos   , cos  
(f ) 0.582 37 37
(g) 0.532 28 45
5. cos   , cos  
(h) 0.238 53 53

10. (a) 11.5 5 39

6. cos   , cos  
(b) 12.6 8 8
(c) 16.4 7. (a) 0.956
(d) 36.9 (b) 2.97
(e) 9.8 (c) 32.7
(f ) 72 (d) 0.609
11. 8.92 (e) 0.342
(f ) 3.57
12. 18.0
(g) 0.259
13. 18.0 (h) 1.33
14. 23.3
8. (a) 53.1
15. 26.2 (b) 51.6
16. 77.1 (c) 65.9
17. 49 (d) 30

11
 (e) 17.2 12. 44.8
(f ) 79.6 13. 3.91
9. 9.03 14. 6.26
10. 27.6 15. 34
11. 5.69 16. 67
12. 8.4 17. 40
13. 17.5 18. 8.57 m
14. 30.7
19. x  19.3 , y  18.6
15. 36
20. x  6.25,   46.2
16. 55
21. x  19.3 , y  17.4
17. 14
22. x  9.72,   51
18. 67.7 s
4 23. x  6.03, y  4.54
19.
5 24. 2.27 m
20. x  8.62,   38.4 25. No
21.   26.7 , x  14.3

22. x  17.0 , y  4.24

Exercise 12D (page 12.11)
23. x  13.9, y  25.8
1. x  18.9 ,   42.1
24. 30.5 cm
2. x  10.6 ,   54.8
25. 0.905 m
3. x  12.2 , y  18.6
26. 13.8 m
4.   45.6 , x  13.3

5. x  10.3 , y  9.24
Exercise 12C (page 12.7) 6. x  12.3 ,   44.3
7
1. 7. 86.5
11
4 8. 50.9
2.
7 9. 42.5 cm
27
3. 10. (a) AB  6.29 cm, AE  7.77 cm
14
5 17 (b) 3.42 cm
4. tan   , tan  
17 5 (c) Yes

25 24 11. (a) 12.8 cm

5. tan   , tan  
24 25 (b) 45.2 cm2
34 41
6. tan   , tan   12. (a) 4.12 cm
41 34
(b) 4.38 cm
7. (a) 1.38
(c) 9.03 cm2
(b) 0.101
(d) 2.26 cm
(c) 17.1
(d) 1.84 13. (a) 13.5 cm
(e) 2.92 (b) 30.8 cm2
(f ) 1.42
14. 18.4 cm2
(g) 0.348
(h) 3.11 15. (a) 36.7 cm
(b) 102 cm2
8. (a) 59.5
(b) 28.2 16. (a) 2.23 m
(c) 66.6 (b) 4.37 m
(d) 46.7 17. (a) AB  21.5 cm, AD  9.32 cm
(e) 84.6 (b) 19.7 cm
(f ) 81.1
18. (a) 20 cm
9. 7.81 60
(b)
10. 4.08 7
(c) FEC
11. 14.9

12