SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Date
Reproductive System
It is a collection of internal and external organs – in both males and females – that work together for the
purpose of procreating to ensure the survival of the species.
The one that differs most between sexes, and the only system that does not function until puberty.
FUNCTIONS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● To produce, maintain and transport sperm cell
● To discharge the sperm into the female reproductive system during intercourse
● To produce and secrete male sex hormones for maintaining the male reproductive system
FUNCTIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● Produce egg cells
● Receives the sperm cell from the male
● Provides nourishment and protection for the growth of the new individual
ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Penis - the male external sexual organ. It deposits the sperm into the vagina of the female.
Scrotum - is a loose pouch sac like skin that hangs behind and below the penis. It also acts as the climate
control system for the testes.
Testes
● Produce the sperm and hormones
● Also known as the testicle or gonads.
● It is the primary male reproductive organ
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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Duct Systems
Vas Deferens
● Transports mature sperm to the urethra
Epididymis
● Sperms mature in epididymis and also serve as the storage area of the sperm.
Ejaculatory Duct: it opens and expels semen to the urethra.
Urethra: Also a part of the excretory system, responsible for excreting out urine from the body. It is 8 - 10
inches long.
Seminal Fluid: It contains proteins and mucus which is alkaline to help the sperm to survive the acidic
vagina.
Seminal Vesicles
● Produce a sugar - riched fluid that provides energy for the sperm. Also, it produces and stores the
seminal fluid.
Prostate Gland: It produces a large portion of fluid that is milky white, and contains protein, enzymes and
other chemicals that supports and protects the sperm during ejaculation.
Cowper’s Gland: Also known as bulbourethral gland. It secretes an alkaline fluid to the urethra. This fluid
lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the urine.
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Date
ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
External Genitalia
Vulva
● External part of the female reproductive organ
Mons Pubis
● The fleshy area above the vaginal opening
Labia Majora
● Enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.
Labia Minora
● Surrounds the opening of the vagina and the urethra.
Clitoris
● It joins the two labias and serves as a sensory organ
Hymen
● A piece of tissue covering or surrounding part of the vaginal opening.
Urethral Opening
● It is the exit point of the urine
Vaginal Opening
● Allow menstrual blood and babies to exit the body
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Date
Vagina: a muscular canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It is lined with mucous membranes
to keep it moist.
Cervix: the lowest part of the uterus. The cavity in the middle allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to
exit.
Uterus: a pear - shaped organ and it’s where a fertilized egg implants during pregnancy and where the baby
develops until birth.
Fallopian Tubes: these are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as
pathways from the ovum to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Ovaries: these are small oval - shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries
produce eggs and hormones.
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Date
THE MAMMARY GLANDS
Mammary Glands
● modified sweat glands that produce milk to nourish the newborn infant.
Lobules
● lobes that divide into smaller compartments, which contain the milk secreting cells.
Alveoli
● Milk secreting cells
Lactiferous Ducts
● It drains the milk from the lobules.
Nipple
● the raised portion of the breast where the milk empties.
Areola
● the circular pigmented area that surrounds the nipples.
THE SEX CELLS
Spermatogenesis: the process of producing sperms
Spermatozoa
Head: contains the genetic material
Midpiece: contains the mitochondria where energy of the cell is produced
Tail: also known as the flagellum which allows sperm to move
Spermatozoa Defects
Oligozoospermia
● a low concentration of sperm cells in the semen.
Asthenozoospermia
● alteration in sperm motility due to defects that prevent or impede the forward movement of the
spermatozoa.
Teratozoospermia
● when the spermatozoa have a poor morphology, whether it be the head, neck or tail.
DNA fragmentation
● the genetic material found in the nucleus is broken or damaged.
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Date
Oogenesis: the process of producing ovum.
MENSTRUATION
Menstruation: is the monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus.
Menstrual Cycle: the menstrual cycle is a term to describe the sequence of events that occur in the female
body as it prepares for the possibility of pregnancy each month.
The Menses Phase
● It begins on the first day of your period. It’s when the lining of your uterus sheds through your vagina
if pregnancy hasn’t occurred.
Ovarian Cycle
● This refers to the preparation of the ovarian endocrine tissues and subsequent release of the egg
cell.
Follicular Phase
● During this time, the level of the hormone estrogen rises, which causes the lining of your uterus to
grow and thicken. In addition, another hormone FSH – causes follicles in your ovaries to grow.
Ovulation Phase
● This phase occurs roughly at about day 14 in a 28 - day menstrual cycle. A sudden increase in another
hormone – luteinizing hormone (LH) – causes your ovary to release its egg. This event is ovulation.
Luteal Phase
● This phase lasts from about day 15 to day 28. Your egg leaves your ovary and begins to travel through
your fallopian tubes to your uterus. The level of the hormone progesterone rises to help prepare your
uterine lining for pregnancy.
Menopause
● Refers to the gradual decline in menstrual period between 45 - 55 years old until it completely stops.
Menopausal Stage
Perimenopause: the point of decline in the female sex hormones.
Menopause: the stoppage of menstrual period.
Postmenopause: starts one year after the last menstrual period.
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SCIENCE
LESSON 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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GESTATION
Conception
● Is the first step, where an egg and sperm join
Fertilization
● The joined sperm and egg plant like a seed into the uterine lining
Germinal Stage
● It begins at conception when a sperm and egg join in the fallopian tube
Embryonic Stage
● The blastocyst begins to take on distinct human characteristics. It’s now called an embryo.
Fetal Stage
● The fetal stage of development begins around the ninth week and lasts until birth.
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