Republic of the Philippines

CGD REVIEW
Cebu

BOARD OF MASTER PLUMBERS

SANITARY, PLUMBING DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter
of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only. NOTE: WHENEVER YOU CAN ENCOUNTER A
CARET (^) SIGN, IT MEANS EXPONENTIATIO

A. Driven well
1. Addition of coagulants (e.g., ferrous sulfate and lime) that B. Drilled well
causes suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass that C. Jetted well
precipitates is called: D. Bored well.
A. Coagulation and precipitation. Explanation:
B. Filtration A bored well is similar to a dug well but is constructed using an
C. Sedimentation auger (hand or power). Hand augers are seldom used beyond 15
D. Chlorination meters, while power augers can reach 40 meters or more.
Explanation:
The addition of coagulants like ferrous sulfate and lime causes fine 7. Uses extreme water pressure; casing acts as pump riser; used
suspended particles to clump together (coagulation) and form a where ground is soft and sometimes called “sand-point wells.”
heavier, gelatinous mass that settles out of the water (precipitation). This is a:
A. Bored well
2. Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete B. Jetted well.
basins to remove finer suspended particles. This process is: C. Drilled well
A. Chlorination D. Driven well
B. Sedimentation Explanation:
C. Aeration A jetted well uses extreme water pressure to wash the casing into
D. Filtration. soft ground. The casing acts as the pump riser, and this type of well
Explanation: is commonly referred to as a “sand-point well.”
Passing water through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins
is the process of filtration, which removes finer suspended 8. Dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron rod and well
particles from the water. screen; typical depth 10–15 m is a:
A. Drilled well
3. Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle over B. Bored well
time. This process is: C. Driven well.
A. Chlorination D. Jetted well
B. Sedimentation. Explanation:
C. Filtration A driven well is constructed by driving a sharp-pointed, hollow,
D. Coagulation and precipitation slotted iron rod with a well screen into the ground. It typically reaches
Explanation: depths of 10–15 meters and is commonly used in sandy or loose soil.
When water is allowed to stay in basins so that heavier particles
settle at the bottom over time, the process is called sedimentation. 9. Used for drilling oil and can reach up to around 1000 m is a:
A. Jetted well
4. Injecting hypochlorite or chlorine gas into water to kill harmful B. Driven well
bacteria is: C. Bored well
A. Aeration D. Drilled well.
B. Filtration Explanation:
C. Chlorination. A drilled well is constructed using heavy drilling equipment and can
D. Sedimentation reach very great depths (up to 1000 meters or more). This method is
commonly used for oil wells, deep water wells, and geothermal wells.
Explanation:
Injecting hypochlorite or chlorine gas into water is the process of 10. The two most common sources of well contamination listed
chlorination, which is used to kill harmful bacteria and disinfect the are:
water. A. Garbage dumps and fuel tanks
B. Sewers and storm drains
5. The two general types of wells are: C. Industrial plants and canals
A. Shallow and deep well. D. Septic tank/leach fields and livestock feedlots.
B. Driven and drilled well Explanation:
C. Jetted and bored well The most common sources of well contamination are septic
D. Dug and artesian well systems (septic tanks and leach fields) and livestock feedlots, because
Explanation: they can release bacteria, nitrates, and other pollutants that seep
Wells are generally classified based on depth into shallow wells and into groundwater.
deep wells, depending on how far they penetrate below the ground
surface. 11. The minimum distance of septic tank/leach field and livestock
(to avoid well contamination) is:
6. Similar to a dug well but constructed using an auger (hand or A. 50 ft
power), seldom hand-driven below 15 m, and may reach 40+ m B. 75 ft
with power tools is a: C. 150 ft
 D. Not less than 100 ft. applications. They often use multiple impellers in series to move
Explanation: large volumes of water at higher pressures, making them suitable
To reduce the risk of well contamination from septic tanks, leach for municipal water supply, irrigation, and industrial systems.
fields, or livestock areas, wells should be located at least 100 feet
away from these potential sources of pollution. 18. A tank that relies on gravity (no pressure concerns) to supply
water to fixtures below is an:
12. A pump where water is drawn into the pump and discharged by A. Pneumatic water tank
centrifugal force is a: B. Cistern
A. Centrifugal pump. C. Overhead tank.
B. Jet pump D. Sump pit
C. Reciprocating pump Explanation:
D. Turbine pump An overhead tank stores water at an elevated position and relies on
Explanation: gravity to supply water to fixtures below, without needing pumps
A centrifugal pump draws water into the pump and then discharges or pressurization. This is a common method for domestic water
it using centrifugal force, created by a rotating impeller. This type of distribution.
pump is commonly used for moving large volumes of water at
moderate pressure. 19. A water storage tank usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a pump is a:
13. A piston pump with controlled speed; discharge is pulsating A. Cistern.
and changes only when pump speed changes is a: B. Overhead tank
A. Centrifugal pump C. Pneumatic water tank
B. Reciprocating pump. D. Pressure regulator tank
C. Turbine pump Explanation:
D. Sump pump A cistern is a water storage tank usually built underground (often of
Explanation: reinforced concrete) and typically connected to a pump to
A reciprocating pump is a piston-type pump where water is drawn in distribute water. It stores water for domestic, irrigation, or
and pushed out by the back-and-forth motion of a piston. Its industrial use.
discharge is pulsating and varies only with changes in pump speed,
making it suitable for high-pressure, low-flow applications. 20. Used in the air-pressure system, often with a pump, and uses a
pressure relief valve is:
14. Pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well are: A. Overhead tank
A. Turbine pumps B. Cistern
B. Sump pumps C. Water meter
C. Jet pumps. D. Pneumatic water tanks.
D. Centrifugal pumps Explanation:
Explanation: Pneumatic water tanks are used in air-pressure water systems. They
Jet pumps are commonly used for drawing water from wells, are often connected to a pump and include a pressure relief valve to
especially shallow or moderately deep wells. They operate by maintain system pressure and prevent over-pressurization.
creating a vacuum that sucks water up from the well and then
discharges it under pressure. 21. A valve used mainly to completely close or completely open a
water line (not for throttling), best for infrequent operation is a:
15. Pumps used in applications where excess water must be A. Gate valve.
pumped away from an area are: B. Globe valve
A. Sump pumps. C. Angle valve
B. Jet pumps D. Check valve
C. Turbine pumps Explanation:
D. Reciprocating pumps A gate valve is designed to either fully open or fully close a water
Explanation: line. It is not suitable for throttling and is best used in systems where
Sump pumps are designed to remove excess water from areas such infrequent operation is required.
as basements, construction sites, or low-lying areas to prevent
flooding. They are typically used in drainage and dewatering 22. The valve also known as a “full way valve” is a:
applications. A. Ball valve
B. Butterfly valve
16. The pump category that encompasses styles used to pump out C. Plug valve
collected fluid is: D. Gate valve.
A. Jet pumps Explanation:
B. Turbine pumps A gate valve is also called a “full way valve” because, when fully
C. Centrifugal pumps open, it provides an unobstructed flow path, allowing the full flow of
D. Sump pumps. water through the pipe.
Explanation:
Sump pumps are the category of pumps designed to remove 23. The “wedge-shaped or tapered disc” is associated with which
collected fluids from sumps, pits, or low-lying areas, preventing valve type?
accumulation and flooding. A. Angle valve
B. Gate valve.
17. Centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of C. Check valve
multiple impellers are: D. Foot valve
A. Reciprocating pumps Explanation:
B. Turbine pumps. A gate valve uses a wedge-shaped or tapered disc that moves up and
C. Jet pumps down to completely open or close the flow. The wedge shape ensures
D. Sump pumps a tight seal when the valve is closed.
Explanation:
Turbine pumps are a type of centrifugal pump designed for large
 24. A valve whose main function is to prevent reversal of flow D. Key cock.
(backflow) in the line is a: Explanation:
A. Gate valve A key cock operates using a round, tapering plug that is ground to fit
B. Angle valve a metal seat, allowing precise control of water flow. It is commonly
C. Check valve. used in plumbing systems for shut-off purposes.
D. Safety valve
Explanation: 31. A valve/outlet with grooves fit for a hose is a:
A check valve is designed to allow flow in one direction only and A. Angle valve
prevent backflow in the pipeline, protecting pumps, equipment, and B. Hose bibb.
the system from reverse flow. C. Key cock
D. Compression cock
25. Which is listed as a type of check valve? Explanation:
A. Swing check valve. A hose bibb is a valve or outlet that has grooves or threads designed
B. Gate valve to connect a hose. It is commonly used for outdoor water taps.
C. Globe valve
D. Needle valve 32. Knocking in pipes when faucets are shut off abruptly, causing
Explanation: pipes to shake and rattle is:
A swing check valve is a type of check valve that prevents backflow. A. Back siphonage
It has a hinged disc that swings open with forward flow and closes B. Water hammer.
automatically when the flow reverses. C. Backflow
D. Air lock
26. A valve that operates like a globe valve (disc & seat) and makes Explanation:
a 90° turn in a line, reducing joints is: Water hammer occurs when water in pipes suddenly stops or
A. Check valve changes direction, such as when a faucet is shut off abruptly. This
B. Foot valve causes knocking, shaking, or rattling of the pipes.
C. Safety valve
D. Angle valve. 33. The flowing back of used/contaminated water into a water
Explanation: supply pipe due to negative pressure is:
An angle valve operates like a globe valve with a disc and seat, but A. Back siphonage.
it is designed to make a 90° turn in the piping line, which reduces the B. Water hammer
number of joints and changes the flow direction efficiently. C. Trap seal loss
D. Friction head loss
27. Located at the lower end of pumps to prevent loss of priming; Explanation:
also called “retention valve” is a: Back siphonage occurs when used or contaminated water flows
A. Gate valve backward into a clean water supply, usually due to negative
B. Foot valve. pressure (vacuum) in the system. This can cause contamination if
C. Angle valve proper backflow prevention is not in place.
D. Check valve
Explanation: 34. The flow of water or substances into potable distribution pipes
A foot valve is installed at the lower end of a pump suction line to due to connections below flood level rim is:
prevent water from flowing back, maintaining the pump’s prime. It is A. Back siphonage
also called a “retention valve.” B. Water hammer
C. Cross-connection
28. Used on systems (water/heating/compressed air) with D. Backflow.
excessive pressure is a: Explanation:
A. Check valve Backflow is the undesired flow of water or substances into potable
B. Gate valve water pipes, often occurring when a connection is below the flood-
C. Safety valve. level rim or when pressure conditions allow water to flow
D. Angle valve backward, potentially contaminating the water supply.
Explanation:
A safety valve is used in systems with excessive pressure—such 35. Continuous temperature changes cause pipes to
as water, heating, or compressed air systems—to automatically expand/contract, so an air space should be provided for
release pressure and prevent damage or accidents. breathing room. This is:
A. Expansion / contraction.
29. A valve that operates by compression of a soft packing upon a B. Friction head loss
metal seat is: C. Backflow
A. Compression cock. D. Sedimentation
B. Key cock Explanation:
C. Hose bibb Expansion and contraction in pipes occur due to continuous
D. Angle valve temperature changes, causing the pipes to expand when heated and
Explanation: contract when cooled. An air space or allowance is provided to
A compression cock operates by compressing a soft packing (usually prevent damage or stress on the piping system.
rubber or similar material) onto a metal seat to stop the flow of water.
This type of valve is commonly used in domestic plumbing for 36. Friction occurs when flowing liquid contacts the pipe
faucets and shut-off valves. enclosure, reducing speed. This describes:
A. Water hammer
30. A valve that operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a B. Back siphonage
metal seat is a: C. Water flow friction.
A. Compression cock D. Aeration
B. Hose bibb Explanation:
C. Check valve Water flow friction occurs when the flowing liquid contacts the
pipe walls, causing resistance that reduces the speed and 43. A water supply pipe extending vertically one full story or more is
pressure of the water in the system. a:
A. Riser.
37. Greater head loss occurs with longer pipes, smaller diameter, B. Fixture branch
and many valves/fittings. This is: C. Horizontal supply main
A. Static head D. Service pipe
B. Backflow Explanation:
C. Friction head loss. A riser is a vertical water supply pipe that extends one full story or
D. Trap seal loss more in a building, delivering water to upper floors from the horizontal
Explanation: supply main.
Friction head loss increases when water flows through longer pipes,
smaller diameters, and multiple valves or fittings, because these 44. The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the
factors create more resistance, reducing pressure and flow efficiency water-distributing pipe is:
in the system. A. Horizontal supply main
B. Service pipe
38. Water obtained through a large intake on a lake basin extended C. Fixture branch.
into deep water is: D. Riser
A. Direct pressure distribution? Explanation:
B. Indirect pressure distribution. A fixture branch is the water supply pipe that connects the main
C. Downfeed system distribution pipes (horizontal supply main or risers) to individual
D. Pneumatic system fixtures, such as sinks, toilets, or faucets.
Explanation:
Indirect pressure distribution involves obtaining water from a large 45. Valves used for control, isolation, and repair of the water
intake in a lake basin extended into deep water, where water is distribution system are:
pumped or conveyed to a storage or treatment facility before A. Pressure valves
distribution, rather than flowing directly by gravity. B. Control valves.
C. Foot valves
39. Water taken from drilled well/underground water using special D. Key cocks
individual mechanical equipment is:
A. Direct pressure distribution. Explanation:
B. Indirect pressure distribution? Control valves are used in a water distribution system for controlling
C. Gravity distribution flow, isolating sections, and allowing repairs without shutting down
D. Overhead distribution the entire system. They help regulate pressure and flow as needed.
Explanation:
Direct pressure distribution refers to water taken from a drilled well 46. Water provided by city companies using normal pressure from
or underground source using special mechanical equipment public mains is:
(pumps) and delivered directly to the distribution system without A. Downfeed.
intermediate storage. B. Direct upfeed?
C. Indirect pressure distribution
40. The pipe from the street water main (or other source) to the D. Pneumatic system
building served is the: Explanation:
A. Fixture branch A downfeed system supplies water from city mains at normal
B. Horizontal supply main pressure directly to buildings below the elevation of the mains. It
C. Riser relies on gravity and the mains’ pressure without additional pumping.
D. Service pipe.
Explanation: 47. When city pressure is not enough, compressed air is used to
A service pipe is the pipe that connects the street water main (or raise and push water into the system. This is:
other water source) to the building, providing water to the building’s A. Downfeed system
internal plumbing system. B. Direct upfeed
C. Gravity system
41. Device that measures (liters/gallons) the amount of water that D. Air pressure system (pneumatic).
passes through the service is: Explanation:
A. Water meter. An air pressure system (pneumatic) is used when city water
B. Gate valve pressure is insufficient. Compressed air is applied to raise and push
C. Pressure tank water into the distribution system, ensuring adequate supply to the
D. Check valve building or storage tanks.
Explanation:
A water meter is a device that measures the volume of water (in liters 48. Water is pumped to a large tank on top of the building and
or gallons) flowing through a service pipe, allowing monitoring and distributed by gravity. This is:
billing of water usage. A. Jet system
B. Downfeed / overheadfeed (gravity system).
42. The principal distribution pipe running from the water meter C. Direct upfeed
from which branches/risers are taken is: D. Indirect pressure distribution
A. Fixture branch Explanation:
B. Riser In a downfeed or overhead feed (gravity) system, water is pumped
C. Water service to a large storage tank on top of the building, and then distributed to
D. Horizontal supply main. fixtures by gravity, ensuring steady pressure without relying on pumps
Explanation: at each fixture.
The horizontal supply main is the principal distribution pipe that
runs from the water meter, from which branches or risers are taken 49. Used for hot water space heating systems is the:
to supply water to various fixtures in the building. A. System relief valve?
 B. Temperature & pressure relief valve.
C. Gate valve 56. Coverage of one sprinkler head for extra hazard occupancy is:
D. Check valve A. 20 sq m
Explanation: B. 15 sq m
A temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve is used in hot water C. 12 sq m.
space heating systems to release water if either the temperature D. 10 sq m?
or pressure exceeds safe limits, preventing damage or explosions. Explanation:
For extra hazard occupancy (such as factories, chemical storage, or
50. Used for hot water supply systems is the: areas with high fire load), one sprinkler head is designed to cover 12
A. System relief valve. square meters to ensure denser water coverage for rapid fire control.
B. Check valve
C. Foot valve 57. Minimum dimension of water closet center to side wall is:
D. Temperature & pressure relief valve? A. 0.30 m
Explanation: B. 0.40 m
A system relief valve is used in hot water supply systems to release C. 0.375 m.
excess pressure caused by thermal expansion, protecting the piping D. 0.45 m
and equipment from overpressure. Explanation:
The minimum distance from the center of a water closet (toilet) to
51. A pipe installed primarily for conveying water in case of fire (not the side wall is 0.375 meters (37.5 cm) to provide adequate space for
part of supply/waste systems) is a: user comfort and accessibility.
A. Dry standpipe.
B. Wet standpipe 58. Minimum dimension of water closet center to water closet
C. Building drain center is:
D. Vent stack A. 0.60 m
Explanation: B. 0.75 m.
A dry standpipe is a pipe installed in buildings specifically for fire- C. 0.90 m
fighting purposes. It does not contain water under normal D. 1.00 m
conditions and is connected to a fire department source when needed. Explanation:
The minimum distance from the center of one water closet to the
52. The height of a dry standpipe listed is: center of an adjacent water closet is 0.75 meters (75 cm) to allow
A. 0.60 m sufficient space for use and maintenance.
B. 1.80 m.
C. 2.00 m 59. A water closet type that discharges waste into a trapway
D. 1.20 m? located at the front of the bowl; least efficient/noisiest is:
Explanation: A. Wash down.
The dry standpipe outlet is typically installed at a height of 1.80 B. Siphon jet
meters (approximately 6 feet) from the floor to allow easy connection C. Siphon vortex
of fire hoses by fire personnel. D. Reverse trap
Explanation:
A wash down water closet discharges waste into a trapway located
53. Minimum diameter for a wet standpipe is ____ for those less at the front of the bowl. It is considered the least efficient and
than ____ from the fire service connection: noisiest type compared to siphon jet or siphon vortex toilets because
A. 63 mm – 15 m it relies mostly on water flow to wash the bowl.
B. 51 mm – 15 m.
C. 51 mm – 30 m 60. A water closet that flushes through a siphon action created in
D. 63 mm – 30 m the trapway is:
Explanation: A. Wash down
For a wet standpipe, the minimum diameter is 51 mm (2 inches) B. Siphon jet.
when the standpipe is less than 15 meters from the fire service C. Reverse trap?
connection. This ensures adequate water flow and pressure for D. Direct flush valve
firefighting. Explanation:
A siphon jet water closet uses a siphon action in the trapway to
54. For wet standpipes more than ____ from the fire service efficiently flush waste. Water enters the trapway, creating suction that
connection, minimum diameter is ____: pulls the contents from the bowl, making it quieter and more efficient
A. 10 m – 51 mm than a wash-down type.
B. 20 m – 51 mm
C. 15 m – 63 mm. 61. A water closet with larger trapway (less likely to clog), quieter
D. 15 m – 51 mm flushing, retains larger standing water is:
Explanation: A. Reverse trap
For wet standpipes located more than 15 meters from the fire B. Siphon jet.?
service connection, the minimum pipe diameter must be 63 mm (2½ C. Wash down
inches) to ensure adequate water flow and pressure for firefighting. D. Siphon vortex.
Explanation:
55. Coverage of one sprinkler head for light hazard occupancy is: A siphon vortex water closet features a larger trapway, which
A. 20 square meters. reduces the likelihood of clogging, provides a quieter flush, and
B. 15 square meters retains a larger amount of standing water in the bowl, enhancing
C. 12 square meters sanitation and efficiency.
D. 10 square meters
Explanation: 62. Less noisy, very efficient; whirlpool motion then complete flush
For light hazard occupancy (such as offices, classrooms, or down; retains large standing water is:
residential areas), one sprinkler head typically covers 20 square A. Siphon jet
meters, providing adequate water distribution in case of fire.
 B. Wash down D. Vent
C. Siphon vortex. Explanation:
D. Reverse trap A trap is a plumbing fitting that holds a liquid seal to prevent foul air,
Explanation: sewer gases, or methane gas from backing up into the building while
A siphon vortex water closet is less noisy and very efficient. It uses allowing wastewater to flow through.
a whirlpool motion to clean the bowl before flushing, and retains a
large standing water level, which improves hygiene and prevents 68. The vertical main of soil, waste, or vent piping extending
odors. through stories and through the roof is a:
A. Riser
63. Flushing action obtained directly from a flush valve connected B. Branch
into the bowl is: C. Stack.
A. Direct flush valve. D. House drain
B. Siphon jet Explanation:
C. Siphon vortex A stack is the vertical main pipe that carries soil, waste, or vent
piping through multiple stories of a building and extends through the
roof to allow venting and proper drainage.

69. Any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or stack
is a:
A. Branch.
B. Stack
C. Building sewer
D. Service pipe
Explanation:
A branch is any part of the piping system that connects to a main,
D. Wash down riser, or stack and serves fixtures or other parts of the building, but
is not itself a main, riser, or stack.
Explanation:
A direct flush valve delivers water directly from the flush valve into
70. The lowest horizontal piping that receives discharge inside the
the bowl to flush waste. This system does not rely on siphon or
vortex action and is often used in commercial or high-traffic restrooms. building and conveys it to the house sewer is the:
A. Building sewer
B. Fixture branch
64. Receptor floor shall drain not less than what slope range? C. Vent stack
A. 1%–2% D. House/Building drain.
B. 2%–4%. Explanation:
C. 4%–6% The house or building drain is the lowest horizontal piping inside
D. 0.5%–1% a building that receives wastewater from all fixtures and conveys it
Explanation: to the house sewer or building sewer connection.
A receptor floor drain should have a slope of 2%–4% to ensure
proper drainage of water toward the drain without causing pooling or 71. Extends from the house drain (0.60 m from outside face of
slow flow. foundation wall) to junction with street sewer or point of
discharge is:
65. A pipe that conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of A. House/Building sewer.
fecal matter is a: B. House/Building drain
A. Soil pipe C. Branch
B. Waste pipe. D. Vent stack
C. Vent pipe Explanation:
D. House drain The house or building sewer extends from the house drain (typically
Explanation: 0.60 m from the outside face of the foundation wall) to the junction with
A waste pipe carries wastewater or liquid waste that does not the street sewer or other point of discharge, carrying wastewater
contain fecal matter, such as water from sinks, bathtubs, and away from the building.
washing machines. In contrast, a soil pipe carries sewage containing
fecal matter. 72. For horizontal-to-horizontal change in direction, which fittings
are prescribed (equivalent sweep allowed)?
66. A pipe used to ensure circulation of air and relieve negative A. Sanitary tee only
pressure on trap seals is a: B. 90° elbow only
A. Waste pipe C. 45° wye / combo wye-1/8 bend / equivalent sweep.
B. House drain D. Tee-wye only
C. Vent pipe. Explanation:
D. Service pipe For a horizontal-to-horizontal change in direction in plumbing,
Explanation: fittings like a 45° wye, combination wye with 1/8 bend, or an
A vent pipe is installed to ensure air circulation in the plumbing equivalent sweep are prescribed. These fittings allow smooth flow
system and relieve negative pressure that could otherwise break trap and reduce clogging, unlike sharp 90° elbows.
seals, preventing sewer gases from entering the building.
73. For vertical-to-horizontal change in direction, which fitting is
prescribed (equivalent sweep allowed)?
67. A fitting/device designed to provide (when properly vented) a A. 45° wye branches or equivalent sweep.
liquid seal preventing backflow of foul air or methane gas is a: B. Sanitary tee only
A. Trap. C. 90° elbow only
B. Branch D. Trap adapter
C. Stack
Explanation: Explanation:
For a vertical-to-horizontal change in direction in a drainage system, A stand trap is used for fixtures installed low to the ground where
45° wye branches or an equivalent sweep are used. This ensures there is limited space for a conventional trap or foundation. It
smooth flow, reduces the risk of clogging, and maintains proper provides a proper water seal while accommodating space constraints.
drainage.
80. A trap used within the line of the house drain is:
74. For horizontal-to-vertical change in direction, which fittings are A. Drum trap
allowed (equivalent sweep allowed)? B. Stand trap
A. 90° elbow only C. Common P-trap
B. Sanitary tee only D. Running trap.
C. 45° or 60° wye / combo wye-1/8 bend / sanitary tee / Explanation:
sanitary tapped tee / equivalent sweep. A running trap is installed within the line of the house drain. It
D. Straight coupling only provides a continuous water seal along the drainage line, preventing
Explanation: sewer gases from entering the building while maintaining flow through
For a horizontal-to-vertical change in direction, plumbing codes the main drain.
allow 45° or 60° wyes, combination wye-1/8 bends, sanitary tees,
sanitary tapped tees, or equivalent sweeps. These fittings ensure 81. A trap used for fixtures that discharge large amounts of water
smooth flow and prevent clogging in the drainage system. (bathtubs, shower, floor drains) is:
A. Drum trap.
75. Lavatory discharge given is approximately: B. Running trap
A. 0.47 L/s (≈28.3 L/min; 7.5 gpm; 1 cu ft/min). C. Stand trap
B. 0.25 L/s (≈15 L/min) D. Deep seal P-trap
C. 1.00 L/s (≈60 L/min) Explanation:
D. 0.10 L/s (≈6 L/min) A drum trap is designed for fixtures that discharge large volumes of
Explanation: water, such as bathtubs, showers, and floor drains. Its larger
A lavatory (sink) discharge is typically around 0.47 liters per capacity allows it to handle high flow rates while maintaining a water
second, which is approximately 28.3 liters per minute or 7.5 gallons seal to prevent sewer gases.
per minute, representing the usual flow rate for standard plumbing
design. 82. Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than
____ and not more than ____:
76. Minimum slope/pitch of horizontal drainage pipe is: A. 25 mm – 51 mm
A. 1% (10 mm/m) B. 51 mm – 102 mm.
B. 3% (30 mm/m) C. 32 mm – 64 mm
C. 2% or 20 mm/m (¼" per foot). D. 76 mm – 152 mm
D. 0.5% (5 mm/m) Explanation:
Explanation: Each fixture trap must maintain a water seal of at least 51 mm and
The minimum slope or pitch of a horizontal drainage pipe is 2% (20 not more than 102 mm. This ensures an effective barrier against
mm per meter or ¼ inch per foot) to ensure proper flow of sewer gases while allowing proper drainage.
wastewater by gravity and prevent sedimentation or clogging.
83. The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the
77. Traps used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, and trap weir shall not exceed:
urinals are: A. 0.60 m?
A. Common P-trap. B. 1.20 m
B. Drum trap C. 0.30 m.
C. Running trap D. 1.80 m
D. Stand trap Explanation:
Explanation: The vertical distance between a fixture’s outlet tailpiece and the
P-traps are the most commonly used traps for lavatories, kitchen trap weir must not exceed 0.30 meters (30 cm) to ensure proper trap
sinks, laundry tubs, and urinals. They create a water seal that function and maintain the water seal, preventing siphoning or loss of
prevents sewer gases from entering the building while allowing the trap seal.
wastewater to flow freely.
84. The developed length of the trap arm of a water closet (to inner
78. A trap whose water seal is about twice that of the common P- edge of vent) shall not exceed:
trap is: A. 0.60 m
A. Common P-trap B. 2.40 m
B. Stand trap C. 1.80 m.
C. Deep seal P-trap. D. 3.00 m
D. Running trap Explanation:
Explanation: The developed length of the trap arm for a water closet, measured
A deep seal P-trap has a water seal approximately twice as deep from the trap to the inner edge of the vent, must not exceed 1.80
as a common P-trap, providing better protection against sewer meters to ensure proper drainage and venting, preventing siphoning
gases and reducing the chance of seal loss due to pressure changes or clogging.
or siphoning.
85. Cleanout distance listed is:
79. A trap used for fixtures built low in the ground with very little A. 15 meters.
space for foundation/trap is: B. 10 meters
A. Stand trap. C. 20 meters
B. Drum trap D. 30 meters
C. Common P-trap Explanation:
D. Running trap Cleanouts must be provided at intervals not exceeding 15 meters
along horizontal drainage piping to allow access for clearing
obstructions and performing maintenance.
 Explanation:
86. A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, connecting to the vent A wet vent is a portion of a vent pipe that carries both air and
system above the fixture served or terminating to open air is: wastewater from one or more fixtures. It serves dual purposes:
A. Individual vent / back vent. venting for traps and drainage for wastewater, commonly used to
B. Circuit vent simplify plumbing layouts.
C. Relief vent
D. Wet vent 92. A pipe or shaft conveying foul air from a plumbing fixture or
Explanation: room to the outer air is:
An individual vent (or back vent) is a pipe installed to vent a single A. Stack vent
fixture trap, either connecting to the vent system above the fixture B. Circuit vent
or terminating to open air, ensuring the trap maintains its water seal C. Local vent.
and preventing siphoning. D. Relief vent
Explanation:
87. A vertical vent line providing additional air circulation or serving A local vent is a pipe or shaft that conveys foul air or sewer gases
as auxiliary vent (e.g., yoke vent connection) is: from a plumbing fixture or room directly to the outer air, ensuring
A. Stack vent proper ventilation and preventing odors from entering occupied spaces.
B. Relief vent.
C. Local vent 93. A vent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes is:
D. Dry vent A. Wet vent
Explanation: B. Relief vent
A relief vent is a vertical vent line that provides additional air C. Dry vent.
circulation or serves as an auxiliary vent (such as a yoke vent D. Circuit vent
connection) to prevent siphoning and maintain proper pressure in the Explanation:
drainage system. A dry vent is a vent pipe that carries air only and does not carry
liquid or water-borne wastes. It is used to maintain proper air
88. A pipe connecting upward from a soil/waste stack below the pressure in the drainage system and protect trap seals.
floor to an adjacent vent stack above the floor (above highest
spill level) is: 94. The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest
A. Circuit vent horizontal drain connected to the stack is:
B. Relief vent A. Stack vent.
C. Individual vent B. Vent stack
D. Yoke (by-pass) vent. C. Local vent
D. Wet vent
Explanation: Explanation:
A yoke (or by-pass) vent is a pipe that connects upward from a soil A stack vent is the extension of a soil or waste stack above the
or waste stack below the floor to an adjacent vent stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to it. It allows air to enter the
floor, above the highest spill level, providing additional venting to stack, maintaining proper pressure and preventing siphoning of traps.
prevent siphoning and maintain proper flow in the drainage system.
95. The vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing air
circulation to/from the drainage system (upper end through
89. A group vent starting in front of the highest fixture connection roof) is:
on a horizontal branch and connecting to the vent stack is: A. Vent stack.
A. Circuit vent. B. Stack vent
B. Yoke vent C. Circuit vent
C. Wet vent D. Individual vent
D. Local vent Explanation:
Explanation: A vent stack is a vertical vent pipe installed to provide air circulation
A circuit vent is a group vent that begins in front of the highest fixture to and from the drainage system, typically extending through the
connection on a horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack, roof to the open air. It helps maintain proper pressure and trap seals
providing venting for multiple fixtures on the same branch to maintain throughout the plumbing system.
proper trap seals and drainage flow.
96. The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than ____
90. A vent connection downstream of the last fixture on a nor less than ____ the diameter of the drain it serves:
horizontal branch, turning to a horizontal line above the highest A. 25 mm; 1/3
overflow level (used in spaces without partitions) is: B. 32 mm (1-1/4"); ½.
A. Circuit vent C. 38 mm; 2/3
B. Wet vent D. 50 mm; equal
C. Looped vent. Explanation:
D. Stack vent An individual vent must have a minimum diameter of 32 mm (1-1/4")
Explanation: and must not be less than half (½) the diameter of the drain it
A looped vent is a vent connection downstream of the last fixture on serves, ensuring adequate venting to prevent siphoning of trap seals.
a horizontal branch, turning into a horizontal line above the highest
overflow level. It is commonly used in areas without partitions, 97. Direct effect of minus/plus pressure due to inadequate
providing venting for multiple fixtures to prevent siphoning of traps. ventilation of traps is:
A. Trap seal loss.
91. That portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also B. Water hammer
flows is: C. Back siphonage
A. Wet vent. D. Friction head loss
B. Dry vent Explanation:
C. Stack vent Trap seal loss occurs when minus (negative) or plus (positive)
D. Local vent pressure in the drainage system affects traps due to inadequate
ventilation. This can cause the water seal in the trap to be siphoned D. Grey water
out or pushed out, allowing sewer gases to enter the building. Explanation:
Sludge consists of solid organic matter denser than water that
98. A watertight covered receptacle receiving sewage from a settles at the bottom of a septic tank. It accumulates over time and
building sewer, separating solids, digesting organics, storing requires periodic removal to maintain proper septic tank function.
solids, and allowing clarified liquid to discharge is a:
A. Catch basin 100. Lighter organic material that rises to the surface of the septic
B. Sump pit tank contents is:
C. Grease interceptor A. Effluent
D. Septic tank. B. Grey water
Explanation: C. Scum.
A septic tank is a watertight, covered receptacle that receives D. Sludge
sewage from a building sewer. It separates solids, digests organic
matter, stores sludge, and allows clarified liquid (effluent) to Explanation:
discharge into a leach field or soil absorption system. Scum is the lighter organic material in a septic tank that floats on
the surface of the tank’s contents. It is composed of fats, oils, and
99. Solid organic matter denser than water that settles at the grease and must be retained within the tank while allowing clarified
effluent to flow out.
bottom of a septic tank is:
A. Sludge.
B. Scum
C. Effluent