**Science Mastery Test – Questions and Answers**
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### Part 1: Nervous & Endocrine Systems
1. Which of the following connects all your body parts and transmits signals from
one part to another?
* **Answer:** B. Nervous System
2. Which DOES NOT belong to the group?
* **Answer:** A. Spinal cord (The others—Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brain stem—are
parts of the brain)
3. Which parts of the nerve cell carry impulses away from the cell body?
* **Answer:** A. Axons
4. This is any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve impulse...
* **Answer:** C. Stimulus
5. Which of these is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones...
* **Answer:** A. Endocrine System
6. If a person is advised to stay and rest in bed for while due to sickness, what
particular gland did not perform well?
* **Answer:** B. Pancreas
7. If a person’s blood sugar level becomes unstable, what glands might be involved?
* **Answer:** B. Pancreas
8. Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of the gland and its secretion?
* **Answer:** D. Testes: progesterone
9. What condition may arise if the pituitary gland is not producing enough growth
hormones?
* **Answer:** A. Dwarfism
10. This serves as the site of egg implantation and is where the fertilized egg
develops.
* **Answer:** C. Uterus
11. Which of the following hormones are released by the ovaries?
* **Answer:** B. Estrogen and progesterone
12. In times of emergency or stress, what gland has an increased secretion?
* **Answer:** A. Adrenal gland
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### Part 2: Reproduction & Genetics
13. Which of these hormones stimulates the production of milk in the mammary
glands?
* **Answer:** C. Prolactin
14. In males, what does testosterone do?
* **Answer:** B. Stimulates the production of sperm
15. What is the periodic shedding of tissues and blood from the inner lining of the
uterus?
* **Answer:** A. Menstruation
16. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the entire duration of the
menstrual cycle?
* **Answer:** A. Luteal Phase, Ovulation Phase, Follicular Phase, Menstrual
Phase
17. What is another term for a nerve cell?
* **Answer:** D. Neuron
18. Which of these nitrogenous bases can be found in RNA but not in DNA?
* **Answer:** D. Uracil
19. Which of these can be found only in DNA?
* **Answer:** B. Thymine
20. This is the process in which DNA is copied:
* **Answer:** A. Replication
21. Which of the following sequences of DNA is complementary to the sequence: ATC-
GTG-CCC?
* **Answer:** B. TAG-CAC-GGG
22. What do you call the sequence of three bases in mRNA that corresponds to an
amino acid?
* **Answer:** D. Codon
23. In DNA, adenine bonds with _______ and cytosine bonds with guanine.
* **Answer:** C. Thymine
24. It is a double helix molecule composed of complementary strands...
* **Answer:** C. DNA
25. RNA is ________ stranded.
* **Answer:** A. Single
26. Transcription involves the transfer of information from:
* **Answer:** B. DNA to mRNA
27. Which of the following statements BEST describes adaptation?
* **Answer:** A. It is a characteristic that improves the organism’s ability to
survive
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### Part 3: Evolution & Natural Selection
28. Who traveled to Galapagos Island and proposed his theory of natural selection?
* **Answer:** B. Charles Darwin
29. Which of these is NOT a source of evidence for evolution?
* **Answer:** D. Climate change
30. Based on the number of differences in amino acid, what organism is the closest
relative of humans?
* **Answer:** D. Chimpanzee
31. Down’s syndrome is also known as trisomy 21. This is an example of:
* **Answer:** A. Mutation
32. Which pairs of animals show a correct example of homologous structures?
* **Answer:** B. Flipper of whale and forelimb of dog
33. Which of the following statements best explains the Theory of Natural
Selection?
* **Answer:** B. In nature, the organisms with desirable characteristics may
survive
34. Which is a more definite characteristic to show relatedness of two organisms?
* **Answer:** D. Similarity in genomic DNA
35. Which of the following statements explains Lamarck’s Theory of Use and Disuse?
* **Answer:** A. Body structures develop because they are used extensively
36. Which of the following statements DOES NOT show the process of adaptation?
* **Answer:** D. A child learning to walk on his own
37. A woman dyed her hair from black to blond and she gave birth to a daughter with
blond hair. What theory of evolution is described?
* **Answer:** B. Theory of Acquired Characteristics
38. Which of the following statements supports the idea that extinction is
necessary?
* **Answer:** A. To give way for other organisms to develop
39. For an organism to survive, there should be:
* **Answer:** D. All of the above (Reproduction, adaptation, variation)
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### Part 4: Ecosystems & Biodiversity
40. Which of the following human activities could bring about a positive impact?
* **Answer:** C. Reforestation
41. Conservation methods:
* Coral reef: A. Promote it as an ecotourism destination
* Hilly land: B. Build a community where houses are built among the trees
* Rainforest: C. Advertise it as a camping site
42. Which of the following factors limit the population of coconut trees (due to
Cocolisap)?
* **Answer:** A. Diseases and parasites
43. If organisms cannot adapt to changes in their environment, what is the worst
that could happen?
* **Answer:** A. Die
44. Palawan is known for its beautiful places. Which classification of value?
* **Answer:** A. Aesthetic value
45. Which of the following causes a decreasing wildlife population in most places
in our country?
* **Answer:** C. Loss of habitat
46. The variety of life forms in an ecosystem:
* **Answer:** C. Biodiversity
47. Which of the following statements BEST describes biodiversity?
* **Answer:** A. It includes variety of living things and other species in a
given area
48. [Guinea pig breeding scenario] What do you think will happen to the population?
* **Answer:** C. The population will decrease (Due to inbreeding and loss of
health/fitness)