Map/Process.

Biểu đồ: Bar chart, Table Chart, Pie Chart, Mixed chart/ Line chart
Từ vựng:
Tăng/Giảm:
V: Increase/Decrease - Rise/Fall/Drop - Incline/Decline + To
N: An/A + Increase/Decrease - Rise/Fall/Drop - Incline/Decline + In/To
Dao động:
V: Fluctuate + Around
N: Fluctuation + Around
Giữ nguyên:
V: Remain Unchanged / Stable + At
N: Stability

Cấu trúc
1. Đổi động từ thành danh từ
Witnessed / Experienced / Went through + A/AN N
2. Đổi cách ghép
Từ nối: And, so, because, if, when, while
Mệnh đề quan hệ: Which, that
V-ing
3. Đổi chủ ngữ.

V: The population of Vietnam increased from 90 million to 100 million after 2 years.
(an increase).
Went through (trải qua) / Witnessed (chứng kiến) / Experienced (trải qua) + N
The population of Vietnamese went through an increase from 90 to 100 milion after 2 years.
The population of Vietnamese witnessed an increase from 90 to 100 milion after 2 years.
The population of Vietnamese experienced an increase from 90 to 100 milion after 2 years.
90 was the population of Vietnam, which went through an increase from 90 to 100 million.
Vietnam had a population of 90, and this number experienced a rise from 90 to 100 million.
Vietnam had a population of 90, witnessing a rise from 90 to 100 million.
3 cách nâng tầm + đa dạng hóa từ vựng + ngữ pháp.
1. Đổi chủ ngữ
2. Đổi cách ghép câu (Từ nối (AND/So/Because…) + Which/That + V-ing)
3. Đổi dạng từ: Động từ - Danh từ.
Chi tiêu hàng tháng của người dân Việt Nam là 5 triệu, và con số này tăng lên 10 triệu sau 10
năm.
Chi tiêu hàng tháng
The monthly expense of Vietnamese people was 5 million, experiencing an increase to 10
million after 10 years.
người dân Việt Nam
Vietnamese people had a monthly expense of 5 million, which witnessed a rise to 10 million
after 10 years.
5 triệu
5 million was the expenditure of Vietnamese people, and it witnessed an incline to 10 million
after 10 years.

4.
90 million is Vietnamese population. 90 million increased to 100 million after 2 years.
90 triệu
90 million is Vietnamese population, increasing to 100 million after 2 years.
90 million is Vietnamese population, which increased to 100 million after 2 years.
90 million is Vietnamese population and it increased to 100 million after 2 years.
Việt Nam
Vietnam's population increased from 90 million to 100 million after 2 years
Vietnam had 90 million people and its population has increased to 100 million people after 2
years
Vietnam had a population of 90 million people, which increased to 100 million after 2 years.
Vietnam had a population of 90 million people, increasing to 100 million after 2 years.

Doanh thu của cửa hàng giảm từ 500 trong năm 2020 xuống 200 trong năm 2025.
sales of store decreased from 500 in 2020 to 200 in 2025
the shop, which had a revenue of 500 in 2020, fell to 200 in 2025
Doanh Thu
Cửa hàng
500
The revenue of store dropped from 500 in 2020 to 200 in 2025.
The store had the sale of 500 in 2020 and this number felt to 200 in 2025.
500 was the income of the shop in 2020, decreasing to 200 in 2025

Dân số của Mỹ giữ nguyên ở mốc 300 triệu trong năm 2025.
Dân số
The population of USA remains stable at the number of 300 million in 2025.
The population of The United States remained at 300 million in 2025.
Mỹ
America remains the number of population at 300 million people in 2025
The United States had a population of 300 million in 2025, and this number remained stable.
300 triệu
300 million was the population of the United States in 2025, which remained stable.
300 million is the population of America throughout the year 2025
Doanh thu của A bakery là 300 trong năm 2021. Doanh thu của A bakery giảm xuống 200 trong
năm tiếp theo.
And
Which
V-ing
The revenue of A Bakery was 300, and it fell to 200 in the following year.
The revenue of A Bakery was 300, which then decreased to 200 in the next year.
The revenue of A Bakery was 300 in 2021, falling to 200 in the following year
300 was the revenue of A bakery, and it fell to 200 in the following year.
300 was the revenue of A bakery, which fell to 200 in the following year.
300 was the revenue of A bakery, falling to 200 in the following year.
A bakery had the revenue of 300, and/which/falling to 200 in the following.
The graph gives information about coffee production in 4 different countries from 1990 to 2010.

Chỉ ra thời gian và số liệu -> 16 con số (4 năm).

Sự thay đổi: Tăng , giảm, giữ nguyên, dao động.
So sánh: Cao nhất, thấp nhất (So sánh giữa các năm + So sánh giữa các quốc gia).

Introduction: Gives information about - Shows - Illustrates

: coffee production (Noun) -> produce. -> how much coffee 4 different countries
produced -> the production of coffee in 4 nations.
from 1990 to 2010. - > between / and.
Overview: Xu hướng / So sánh.
Xu hướng: Brazil + Indo + Vietnam-> tăng / Columbia -> giảm lớn
So sánh: Brazil sẽ là nước có sản lượng coffee lớn nhất / Vietnam -> nhỏ nhất.
Overall, coffee production in Brazil, Indo, Vietnam increased over the period,
WHILE/WHEREASE Columbia experienced a fall in the amount of coffee produced. In
addition, while Brazil witnessed the highest amount of coffee produced, coffee production in
vietnam was the lowest. -> band 8
Body 1: Brazil + Colom
Body 2: Indo + Vietnam
Body 1:
Brazil -> 0.7 trong năm 1990 -> tăng lên 1 sau 5 năm. 5 năm sau, tăng lên 1.5 và đạt đỉnh ở 1.8
Brazil luôn dẫn đầu trong tấc cả các năm.
Columbia: Colum -> 0.6 trong năm đầu, và giảm xuống 0.5 sau 5 năm. Sau 5 năm, con số này
giảm tiếp xuống 0.4 và đạt đáy ở 0.3 -> bằng việt nam, và thấp nhất.
Firstly, Brazil witnessed 0.7 tonnes of coffee produced in 1990, which rose to 1 after 5 years. 5
years later, the amount of coffee produced experienced an incline to 1.5, and this number reached
a peak of 1.8 in 2010. It is also noticeable that coffee production in brazil always led in all
periods. Furthermore, 0.6 was the amount of coffee produced in Colum in 1990, going through a
decrease to 0.5 after 5 years. In 2000, Colum witnessed 0.4 in coffee production, which declined
to 0.3, which is the lowest and equal to Vietnam. -> band 8

The given chart demonstrates the amount of coffee produce in 4 different countries from 1990 to
2010
Overview: Xu hướng / So sánh.
Xu hướng: Brazil + Indo + Vietnam-> tăng / Columbia -> giảm lớn
So sánh: Brazil sẽ là nước có sản lượng coffee lớn nhất / Vietnam -> nhỏ nhất.

Overall, coffee production in Brazil, Indonesia, VietNam increased over the period, while
Colombia experienced a fall/ drop in the amount of coffee produced. In addition, while Brazil
witnessed the highest amount of coffee produced, coffee production in VietNam was the lowest.
Firstly, Brazil witnessed 0.7 tonnes of coffee produce in 1990, which rose to 1 after 5 years.
After 5 years, the amount of coffee produced experienced an incline to 1.5 tonnes, and this
number reached a peak of 1.8 in 2010. It is also noticeable that coffee production in Brazil
always led in all periods. Furthermore, 0.6 was the amount of coffee produced in Colombia in
1990, going through a decrease to 0.5 after 5 years. In 2000, Colombia witnessed 0.4 in coffee
production, which declined to 0.3, which is the lowest and equal to Vietnam

The given bar chart demonstrates the proportion of British people who consumed the suggested/
advise routine amount of fruit and vegetables in three year 2002, 2006 and 2010.
Overall, it can be seen that British woman’s consumption of fruit and vegetables was the highest
than the two remaining groups.
In 2002, women’s consumption was 3% higher than men’s consumption, while the children
consumed 11%. After four years, the figure of British population increased significantly,
reaching the highest point in whole period. Furthermore, the proportion of women’s consumption
was 32%, men was 28%, and children stood 16%.
Four years later, all the figures for all groups declined noticeable. The proportion of women who
ate the recommended amount fruit and vegetables fell from 32% to 27%. In addition, the figure
of men witnessed a decline by 4% between 2006 and 2010, while children’s consumption also
went through a drop slightly to 14%.
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different
countries in 2002.
Ireland: Food -> highest -> 28.91%. 6.43% -> clothing ->lower. Spending on Leisure -> 2.21% -
> lowest.
Turkey: 32.14% -> food -> highest. Spending on clothe -> 6.43%. Leisure -> 4.35% -> lowest.
Firstly, food accounted for the highest percentage of spending, at 28.91%. Moreover, 6,45%
was proportion of spending on clothing, which was lower. lastly, spending on leisure took up
2.21%, standing at the lowest position. Moving to Turkey, 32.14% was the ratio of expenditure
on food, which was the highest among all categories. Additionally, spending on clothes made
up 6.43%, and it was higher than leisure, at 4.35%, being the lowest. => 7-8
Introduction: consumer spending -> expense - expenditure - money spent on
Overview: So sánh cao nhất thấp nhất.
1. Nước: Turket -> highest. / Sweden -> lowest.
2. Items: Food -> highest. / Leisure -> lowest.
(While/Whereas).
Make up / Account for .
The percentage of spending in Ireland on Food was 28.91%
28.91% was the proportion of spending on Food in Ireland.
Spending on food in Ireland accounted for 28.91%.
Food accounted for 28.91% of the spending in Ireland.
Ireland witnessed 28.91% of the population’s spending on food.
 Irish spent 28.91% of their money on food.
 There was 28.91% of consumer spending on food in Ireland.
 The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different
countries in 2002.
Introduction: consumer spending => expense, expenditure, money spent on
 Ireland: Food -> highest -> 28.91%. 6.43% -> clothing ->lower. Spending on Leisure ->
2.21% -> lowest.
 Turkey: 32.14% -> food -> highest. Spending on clothe -> 6.43%. Leisure -> 4.35% ->
lowest.
The percentage of spending in Ireland on Food was 28.91%
28.91% was the proportion of spending on Food in Ireland.
Spending on food in Ireland accounted for 28.91%.
Food accounted for 28.91% of the spending in Ireland.
Ireland witnessed 28.91% of the population’s spending on food.
 Irish spent 28.91% of their money on food.
 There was 28.91% of consumer spending on food in Ireland.

The given table illustrates the money spent on different items in five different nations in 2002.
Overall, Turkey witnessed the highest consumer spending among 5 countries, while the
proportion of money used in Sweden was the lowest. In addition, food expenditure was also the
highest rate, while clothing and education featured the lowest spending rates.
To begin with, Turkey experienced 32.14% of the population’s spending food, which was the
highest spending among all categories. Moreover, 6.63% was the proportion of spending on
clothes, which is higher than education at 4.35%, which was the lowest. Moving to Ireland, food
accounted for 28.91% of the spending in Ireland, which was the lower than that in Turkey.
Additionally, spending on clothes in this country made up 6.43%, and it was higher than leisure,
at 2.21%, which stood the lowest.
Furthermore, there was 15.77% of money used for food in Sweden, which was the main
spending in Swedish. However, the ratio of money spent for footwear and education of Swedish
was neglilible, standing at 5.40% and 3.22%, respectively. Beside, Italian also spent of their
money on food and it was higher than Sweden, taking up to 16.36%. Meanwhile, 9% was the
proportion of money used for clothing, which was the highest number of money spent for
footwear. Finally, 3.20% was the proportion of money people used for education in Italy and this
number was higher than in Spain, at 1.98%. Moving to Spain, it made up to 18.80% for food and
only 6.52% for clothing, having average consumer spending in all countries.

The two maps describe how the village of Stokeford changed over the years between 1930 and
2010.
Overall:
-> Houses => increased in number. + Farmlands => dissapear.
-> Comment (optional).
1. A bridge - North side + On the river Stoke => Stayed changed
2. River stoke - Run acress the map, from North-East -> West-South => Remained the
same
3. Shops - Center + On the left of the river => Dissapeared
4. A post office - Next to + under the shops => Remained intact
5. A primary school - On the right of the street - opposite to shops + post office => became
bigger with two additional blocks.
6. Two farmlands - North-east and South, on the right of river Stoke => dissapeared
7. Gardens - On the right of the road + underneath the Primary School => Dissapeared
8. A large house - In the garden, on the right side => Replaced with retirement home
9. Houses - on the two sides of the street, near the buildings. = Increased in number
10. A bridge - North side + On the river Stoke => Stayed changed
The bridge, which was located on the North side of map, on the river Stoke, stayed unchanged.
The bridge is on the north side of the map, on the river Stoke, staying unchanged.
The bridge was located on the north side of the map, on the river Stoke, and it stayed
unchanged.
There was a bridge on the North side of the map, on the river Stoke, and it stayed unchaged.
There was a bridge on the North side of the map, on the river Stoke, which stayed unchaged
on the North side of the map, on the river Stoke located a bridge, which/and…
No changes happened to the bridge, which was on….

The two maps illustrate how the Stokeford village had changed between 1930 to 2010.
Overall, the number of houses in Stokeford increased significantly between 1930 to 2010, while
most of the farmlands disappeared to make road for residents.
To begin with, there was a bridge on the North side of the map, on the river Stoke, and it stayed
unchanged over the years. Similarly, the river Stoke, which ran across the map from the North
East to the West South, remained the same throughout 80 years. However, the central area of the
village experienced noticeable changes. The shops, which were situated in the centre of the
village on the right of the river, completely disappeared by 2010. In contrast, the post office was
located next to and under the shops, remaining intact in the same place. Meanwhile, the primary
school, lying on the right of the street, opposite the shops and the post office, was expanded with
two additional blocks.

Moving to the right side of the river, two large farmland areas in the North East and the South
disappeared and were replaced by new buildings. Additionally, the gardens, which were on the
right side of the road and below the primary school, were removed. Then, the large house, which
used to be inside the garden, was replaced by a retirement home. Furthermore, many new houses
were build along both sides of the road, showing a clear increase in population.