Tutorial Problems 11
Drawing a diagram for related rate problems is advisable as this makes the problem easier than it
looks when written in word form.
Part I
1. Di↵erentiate the following:
a) f (x) = arctan(5x 4)
1
b) g(x) = arcsin(x 2)
p p
c) h(x) = arccos( x) + arcsin( x)
2. Consider the diagram below as a graph of some function f .
a) Is f di↵erentiable everywhere on the open interval (a, d)?
b) Locate the critical points of f .
c) Does f have an absolute or global maximum? Does f have an absolute or global minimum?
(why?)
3. For each of the following, say whether it is true or false.
a) If f has a local minimum, then f has an absolute minimum.
b) If f has an absolute maximum, then f has a local maximum.
4. Prove the following:
d 1
a) dx cot 1 (x) = 1+x 2
d
b) dx csc 1 (x) = xpx12 1
d
c) dx sec 1 (x) = xpx12 1
5. Prove that arcsin(x) + arccos(x) = ⇡2 .
dy
6. If x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, dx
dt = 5, dt = 4, then find
dz
dt when x = 2, y = 2 and z = 1
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7. Each side of a square is increasing at a rate of 6 cm/s. At what rate is the area of the square
increasing when the area of the square is 16 cm2 ?
8. Two cars start moving from the same point. One travels south at 30 km/h while the other
travels west at 72 km/h. At what rate is the distance between the cars increasing 4 hours later.
9. For each of the following, Find the absolute minimum and maximum values.
a) f (x) = x3 3x2 + 1 on closed interval [ 12 , 4].
p
b) g(x) = x 3
x on closed interval [ 1, 4].
c) h(x) = x + cot( x2 ) on the closed interval [ ⇡4 , 7⇡
4 ].
p
x
d) k(x) = 1+x2
on the closed interval [0, 2].
Part II
1. For each of the following, say whether it is true or false. Prove it if true and give counter-example
if false.
a) If f is di↵erentiable at a, the f 00 at a exists.
b) If f 0 (a) exists and f 0 (a) = 0, then f has a local minimum or local maximum at a.
c) Suppose f has a local maximamum at a, then f 0 (a) exists and f 0 (a) = 0.
2. Prove the following identity
✓ ◆
x 1 p ⇡
arcsin = 2 arctan( x)
x+1 2
.
3. A particle moves along the curve y = 2 sin( ⇡x 1
2 ). As the particle passes through the point ( 3 , 1),
p
its x-coordinate increases at a rate of 10 cm/s. How fast is the distance from the particle to
the origin changing at this instance?
4. Taken from Stewart pg 186-187
a) A light shines from the ground up towards a wall 10m away. If a man 1.8m tall walks
from the spotlight toward the building at a speed of 1.4 ms 1 , how fast is the length of his
shadow on the building decreasing when he is 3m from the building?
cm3
b) Water is leaking out of an inverted conical tank at a rate of 10, 000 min at the same time
that water is being pumped into the tank at a constant rate. The tank has height 6m and
cm
the diameter at the top is 4m. If the water level is rising at a rate of 20 min when the height
of the water is 2m, find the rate at which water is being pumped into the tank.
c) A lighthouse is located on a small island 3 km away from the nearest point P on a straight
shoreline and its light makes four revolutions per minute. How fast is the beam of light
moving along the shoreline when it is 1 km from P ?
d) A runner sprints around a circular track of radius 100m at a constant speed of 7 m s . The
runners friend is standing at a distance 200 m from the center of the track. How fast is the
distance between the friends changing when the distance between them is 200 m?
I highly recommend completing as many questions in Stewart on related rates as you can.
They take time and practice to master.
5. If a and b are positive numbers, then find the maximum value of f (x) = xa (1 x)b .
6. Prove that p(x) = x3 + x 1 has exactly one real root in interval [0, 1].
7. Prove that the function given by f (x) = x2017 + x1995 + x + 1 has neither a local maximum nor
a local minimum. (hint: Prove by contradiction)
8. Show that the equation x4 + 4x + c = 0 has at most two real roots.
9. Verify that f (x) = x3 2x2 4x + 2 satisfies the three hypotheses of Rolle’s theorem on the
interval [ 2, 2] and find all numbers c that satisfy the conclusion of Rolle’s theorem.
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10. Read the statement and proof of the following theorem and then answer the questions following
it.
Theorem: If a function f is di↵erentiable at x = c and f (c) is a local maximum, then f 0 (c) = 0.
Proof: There is an open interval I which contains c such that
for all x 2 I, f (x) f (c). (1)
It follows that if h is small enough, f (c + h) f (c) 0. (2)
f (c + h) f (c)
If h < 0, we therefore have 0, (3)
h
f (c + h) f (c)
and if h > 0, 0. (4)
h
f (c + h) f (c)
From this we can deduce that lim 0 (5)
h!0 h
f (c + h) f (c)
and lim 0. (6)
h!0+ h
f (c + h) f (c)
Since f is di↵erentiable at x = c, lim =0 (7)
h!0 h
0
and so f (c) = 0.
a) From which assumption in the statement of the theorem does line (1) in the proof follow?
b) Why does h have to be “small enough” for the inequality in line (2) to follow from line (1)?
c) How do the inequalities in lines (3) and (4) follow from line (2)?
d) State the limit rule we seem to be using in lines (5) and (6).
e) Why can we say, in line (7), that since f is di↵erentiable at x = c,
f (c + h) f (c)
lim = 0?
h!0 h
f) The theorem stated here is also true if we replace “local maximum” by “local minimum”.
This can be proved in the same way, with appropriate changes to the inequality signs.
Here is another possibility: Try to prove the theorem for a local minimum by applying the
theorem for a local maximum to the function g(x) = f (x).
g) Is the following limit theorem true: If f (x) < k for all x near a and lim f (x) exists, then
x!a
lim f (x) < k? Give a reason for your answer.
x!a
h) Is it true that every stationary point is a local maximum or local minimum?
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