Storage

14. What is storage?

ANS: Storage refers to the media and devices used by a computer to keep information and
instructions for immediate or later use. Saving of data temporarily or permanently on a range of
storage media.

15. What is medium/media?

ANS: A storage medium is a physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions,
and information.

16. What are the three 3 categories of media and give examples of each.
ANS: Media can be divided into 3 types:
1. Magnetic media – e.g. floppy disks, hard disks and magnetic tape
2. Optical disks – e.g. CD-ROM, CD-R/CD-RW, DVD etc.
3. Flash memory – e.g. memory cards and flash drives

17. What are some examples of storage media available?

ANS: Shown in the figure below.
 18. What are storage devices?
ANS: A storage device is the computer hardware that records (reads) and/or retrieves (writes)
items to and from a storage medium.

19. What is read operation?

ANS: READ OPERATION- A read operation retrieves data from a storage medium by a
storage device.

20. What is write operation?

ANS: WRITE OPERATION- Records data onto a storage medium by storage device.
Eg. CD-ROM Drive is used to retrieve information stored on a CD-ROM

21.

22.

Floppy disks (Media) with Floppy disk drive(Devices)

23.

A DVD (media) in a DSVD drive (devices)

24.

.
External card reader

25

.
USB Card reader

26. What is a CD-ROM?

ANS: CD-ROM- This is a read only CD that is usually made by software and music
manufacturers.
27. What is a CD-R- Recordable?
ANS: CD-R CD-Recordable is a blank disc where you can record your own data and media if
your computer has CD-R drive, or CD burner

28. What is a CD-RW-CD-Rewritable?

ANS: CD-RW- CD-Rewritable is a CD that allow the user to erase the content on the disk and
re-use it.

29. What are the two storage categories?

ANS: 1. Primary Storage/ Main Memory
2. Secondary Storage

30. What is Primary storage?

ANS: Primary Storage also called main memory or immediate access store is a group of
chips that holds data, program and instructions that are currently in use.

31Where is the primary storage located?

ANS: On the motherboard of the computer.

32. What are four types of Primary Storage.

ANS: 1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
2. Read Only Memory (ROM)
3. Cache
4) flash memory (only focus on the first 2 these were given)

33. The two main types of primary storage are.

1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
2. Read Only Memory (ROM)

34. RAM is VOLATILE

35. ROM is Non-Volatile.

36. What does volatile and non-volatile mean?

ANS: Non-volatile memory keeps its contents even when the computer is switched off. Volatile
memory loses its contents when power is lost.

37. What is the function of the main memory (RAM)?

ANS: 1. Stores data which can be immediately processed by the program instructions
2. stores program instructions prior to execution
3. stores information temporarily after processing is complete.

38. How does RAM operates?

ANS: RAM is used to hold data and instructions (programs) temporarily while processing is
taking place. RAM is volatile- if the power is turned off or the computer is rebooted, all the
information held in RAM will be lost. Because the information is stored electrically on
transistors.
N.B. Volatile memory can be changed, upgraded, or expanded easily by users.
(random access because data and instructions can be stored and accessed from any location
within the memory).

39. What is (ROM) Read-Only Memory?

ANS: The information is permanently stored on the chip. The instructions to start the computer
are stored in ROM Chips, which are non-volatile or static. This is a type of memory that allows
information to be read from and cannot be written to (changed or altered) by the user.

N.B. Non-volatile memory cannot be changed by users.

40. What is an example of a program that is stored in ROM?

ANS: The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is an example of a program that is stored in ROM.
N.B. The BIOS runs as soon as the computer is switched on

41. What are the functions of ROM?

ANS: To store start-up instructions for the computer permanently.
To store program instructions/machine instructions the computer will need to use to
control its operations

Test your knowledge.

1. What is primary storage?

An internal component which holds data and programs that are not currently in use

An external component which holds data and programs that are currently in use

An internal component which holds data and programs that are currently in use

2. What are the two types of primary storage?

Random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM)

Flash memory and NAND memory

Flash memory and secondary storage

3. In terms of memory, what does volatile mean?

An internal component which holds data and programs that are not currently in use

An external component which holds data and programs that are currently in use

An internal component which holds data and programs that are currently in use
 4. Which of these statements about read only memory (ROM) is true?

ROM is non-volatile and can only be read from

ROM is volatile and can only be read from

ROM is non-volatile and can be read from and written to

5. Which of these statements about random access memory (RAM) is true?

RAM is non-volatile and can only be read from

RAM is volatile and can only be read from

RAM is volatile and can be read from and written to

ANSWERS
1. What is primary storage?
An internal component which holds data and programs that are currently in use.

2. What are the two types of primary storage?

Random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM)

3. In terms of memory, what does volatile mean?:

The memory loses its contents when the power is removed

4. Which of these statements about read only memory (ROM) is true?

ROM is non-volatile and can only be read from.

5. Which of these statements about random access memory (RAM) is true?

RAM is volatile and can be read from and written to

SECONDARY STORAGE
1. What is secondary storage?
ANS: This is the storing of information for repeated or for future use

2. What is secondary storage also called?

ANS: Secondary storage is Also called auxiliary storage, backup storage, and long-term storage
of processed data

3. What is the difference between secondary storage and main memory?

ANS: Secondary storage is more permanent than main memory.

4. Secondary storage is also.

ANS: Non-Volatile. Since data and instructions are retained when the power is turned off.

5. What are some examples of secondary storage?

ANS:1 Magnetic disk: floppy disk, hard disk.
2. Optical disk: CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD.
3. Flash memory

6. What is cloud service?

ANS: This is a service made available to users on-demand via the internet from a cloud
computing service provider.

7. What are the four categories of cloud service?

ANS: Cloud services can be divided into FOUR categories:
1. Storage
2. Software
3. Data
4. Platform

8. What does the CLOUD stand for?

ANS: C - Computer
L - Login
O - Offsite
U - Upload
D -Download

9. 1. Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in the cloud," wherein data is stored in an
accessible form from multiple distributed and connected resources that comprise a cloud.
2. Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater accessibility and reliability; rapid
deployment; strong protection for data backup, archival and disaster recovery purposes
10.

Ports and Cables

4. What is this called?

ANS: Motherboard
5. What is the function of the motherboard?
ANS: The motherboard connects all parts of a computer together.

6. The CPU memory, hard drive and other ports and expansion cords, all connect to the ____________
directly or via cables.
ANS: Motherboard
7. What exactly is the motherboard?
ANS: The motherboard is the piece of computer hardware which serves as the “backbone” of the PC, or
as the “mother” that holds all the pieces together.

8. What is the name of this port?

ANS: HDMI port

9. Define Computer Port.

a. A cable used to connect 2 electronic devices.
b. A connection point or interface between a computer and a device.
c. A special place where large amounts of data a temporarily stored.
d. A part of the computer that houses the CPU.

10. What does USB stand for?

a. Universal Serial Bus
b. Unedited System Bracket
c. Unified Sound Bar
d. Unique Sequencing Bus

11. What are VGA cables used for?

a. Video
b. Audio
c. Data Transfer
d. Power

12. What are Ethernet cables used for?

a. Networking
b. Internet
c. Audio
d. Both Internet & Networking

13. What are 3.5mm cables mostly used for?

a. Video
b. Audio (Also used for headphones and microphones)
c. Network
d. Power

14. What is the newest and fastest form of USB?

a. USB Type B
b. Micro USB
c. USB Type A
d. USB Type C

15. What is HDMI used for?

a. Power
b. Video
c. Networking
d. Data Sharing

16. What is a mini display port?

a. A port used to connect the computer to the internet.
b. A port used to connect the computer to a monitor.
c. A port used to connect the computer to speakers.
d. A port used to connect the computer to power.

17. True or False: An Ethernet port has a connector called an RJ-45 to connect to a network cable.
ANS: True

18. True or False: A DVI port transmits a video signal and is also called a DB-15 port.
ANS: False

19.

20.
21.

22.

23. What is a port?

ANS: A port is the point at which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the computer or
mobile device so that it can send data to it or receive information.

24. What does a port generally have?

ANS: Holes or slots that matches the plug or cord to attach to it.

25. What are some peripheral devices that can be connected to ports?
ANS: Speaker, mouse, keyboard, printer, scanner, microphone, video displays, external hard disk,
internet cable.

26. What is the name of the oldest port on the computer?

ANS: Serial port (It is used for older mouse and camera.)
27. What is the function of the serial port?
ANS: It is used for PDAs and serial devices, and it has 9 pins.

28. Describe the parallel port and the functions.

ANS: It is used for old model printer, scanner, and data transfer, and it has 25 pins; 13 at the top and 12
at the bottom. It is a female port.

29. What is the function of the PS/2 port?

ANS: It connects the mouse and keyboard. It is usually round, coloured and contains 6 pins. The purple
colour is for the keyboard and the green is for the mouse.

30. Describe the USB cable.

ANS: It is rectangular in shape which halfway is filled with plastic to make sure you attach it correctly.

31. How do we take care of USB ports?

ANS: 1. Never force anything in the port.
2. Make sure the plug is the right way round for the socket.
3. Ensure to use the correct mini-USB ports and leads.
4. Gently insert the USB cable.

32. What symbol does this represent?

ANS: Firewire

33. What is the name of this port?

ANS: Firewire

34. What is the firewire port used for?

ANS: FireWire is a high-speed computer data-transfer interface that is used to connect personal
computers, audio and video devices, and other professional and consumer electronics. It is often used
for connecting external hard drives and digital camcorders that benefit from a high transfer rate. These
transfer rates are often up to 800 Mbps (Megabits per second).

35. Name one peripheral device that uses the firewire port to connect.
ANS: The firewire is used to connect camera.

36. Describe the Video Graphic Array (VGA) port and its functions.
ANS: It is used for external monitors and data projectors. It has 3 rows of 5 pins (15 pins), and it is a
female port.

37. What replaced the VGA Port in modern computers?

ANS: DVI port

38. Describe the modern Digital Visual Interface (DVI) port.

ANS: It has 3 rows of 8 pins (24 pins). The first row is red, the second row is green, and the last row is
blue. It is used to connect display devices such as monitors.

39. What is the function of the High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port and describe it.
ANS: It is used for high-end TVs and is usually found at the back of TVs. It is also used to connect gaming
consoles, data projectors and monitors. It has 19 pins.

40. Study these ports.

41. What are RJ 45 ports used for?

ANS: It is an ethernet port used to connect to network and internet. It has an activity light and a link
light at the bottom.
42. Describe USB ports.
ANS: It has 4 pins and is used to connect the latest model printers, pen drives, cell phones, flash drives,
external hard drives, etc.

43. What is the function of the power port?

ANS: To connect to the power cord

Power port

44. What is the function of the RJ 11 port?

ANS: It is used to connect an internet router to a telephone line.

45.

46. What is a connector?

ANS: A connector is the unique end of a plug, jack, or the edge of a cord that connects into the port.

47. What is another name for the ethernet port?

ANS: Jack or socket

48. What are the features of USB port?

49. Describe USB A connectors.
ANS: USB Type A connectors, officially called Standard-A connectors, are flat and rectangular in shape.
Type A is the “original” USB connector and is the most recognizable and commonly used connector. USB
Type A ports are found on almost any modern computer-like device.

50. Describe USB B connectors.

ANS: USB Type B receptacles are mostly seen on larger computer devices like printers and scanners. You
will also sometimes find USB Type B ports on external storage devices like optical devices, floppy drives,
and hard drive.

51. What is HDMI connector?

ANS: HDMI is a connector and cable capable of transmitting high-quality and high-bandwidth streams of
audio and video between devices.

52. What is Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)?

ANS: Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of parallel interfaces used for attaching printers,
disk drives, scanners and other peripherals to computers.

53. What is the purpose of the integrated drive electronics (IDE)?

ANS: IDE is a standard interface for connecting a motherboard to storage devices such as hard drives
and CD-ROM/DVD drives. (ROM= Read Only Memory)

54. What is Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA or Serial ATA)?

ANS: SATA is an interface used to connect ATA hard drives and optical drives to a computer’s
motherboard.

55. What is a telephone plug?

ANS: A telephone plug is a type of connector used to connect a telephone set to the telephone wiring
inside a building, establishing a connection to a telephone network.
56. Some of the most common peripheral devices that can be connected to the computer are:
ANS: Keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, digital camera, and USB flash drive.

57. What are drivers?

ANS: Drivers are software that are installed on the computer to make its operating system be able to
communicate with and send instructions to the peripherals.

58. How do you connect a keyboard and/or mouse to your computer?

ANS: Match the cable to the connector. Rotate the cable until the connector keys match up with the
receptors, then push the cable in. Be sure not to force the connector because you will end up bending
the pins.

59. What are the three procedure steps to connecting a keyboard to a monitor?
ANS: 1. Connect power to monitor
2. Connect power to case
3. Connect keyboard
 Data Communication
1. What is data communication?
ANS: This is the transmission of data and information between two or more computers through
a transmission channel.
2. What are transmission channels/media?
ANS: These are the different media, cables and signalling methods that are used to move data
and information from one place to another. These may be wired or wireless.
3. Give four examples of wired transmission media.
ANS: 1. Coaxial Cables
2. Fibre-Optic Cables
3. Telephone Lines
4. Twisted Pair Cables

4. Give six examples of wireless transmission media.

ANS: 1. Microwave Links
2. Radio Signals
3. Infrared Transmission
4. Bluetooth
5. Satellites
6. Wifi

5. Define Internet Service Provider (ISP).

ANS: This is a company that provides individuals or companies with access to the Internet, usually for a
fee. Eg. Flow, Digicel.

6. Define URL.
ANS: A URL is the address of a specific webpage or file on the Internet.

7. What are four parts that a URL is usually made up of?

ANS: 1. Protocol - the name of the internet protocol (usually ‘http’) giving access to the site.
2. Server (Address) - the computer on which the file is located
3. Path (directories) - the top-level directory and any lower–level sub-directories (separated by ‘/’
characters) in which the file can be found
4. Filename - the actual name of the document.
Protocol:/[Link]/Path/Filename

8. Define Internet Protocol (IP).

ANS: The set of rules for sending and receiving data over the internet

9. Define Internet Protocol (IP) Address.

ANS: A unique address that identifies a device on the Internet or a local network and allows a system to
be recognized by other systems connected via the Internet protocol.
10. What is computer network protocol?
ANS: This is a set of rules to exchange messages with other network points. A common example is the
TCP/IP Internet protocols (Transmission Control Protocol), which govern communication.

11. What is network domain?

ANS: A group of computers and devices on a network that is administered as a unit with common rules
and procedures.

12. What are the four types of protocol?

ANS: 1. Hypertext transfer Protocol (Http)
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
3. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
4. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP)

13. What is a network?

ANS: This is a set of computers that are linked together so they can communicate and share facilities
such as printers, modems, plotters and hard drives.

14. Computers that are not a part of a network are known as __________.
ANS: Stand-alone computers.

15. What are the four types of networks?

ANS: LAN- Local Area Network; MAN- Metropolitan Area Network; WAN- Wide Area Network; PAN-
Personal Area Network

16. What is the internet?

ANS: A global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.

17. What is a server?

ANS: A server is a type of computer or device on a network that manages network resources

18. What is a file server?

ANS: A computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files
on the server.

19. What is a print server?

ANS: A computer that manages one or more printers

20. What is transfer rate?

ANS: The speed at which data can be transmitted from one device to another.

21. What is network latency?

ANS: Describes how much time it takes for a data packet to travel from one designated point to
another.

22. What is bandwidth?

ANS: Is used to describe network speeds, it measures how much data can be sent over a specific
connection in a given amount of time.
23. What is the difference between latency and bandwidth?
ANS: The difference is that bandwidth measures the amount of data being transferred while latency
measures the amount of time it takes data to transfer.

24. What are the two types of signals that are widely used for the transmission of data?
ANS: Analog signals (continuous, e.g. human speech) and digital signals (language of the computer)

25. Speech is an analog signal that varies in _________ and _________.

ANS: Amplitude (volume) and Frequency (pitch)

26. What is the transmission of data in analog signal done in?

ANS: Continuous waveforms

27. What are digital signals?

ANS: Digital signals are the language of modern computers that comprise only two states, expressed as
ON or OFF, 1 or 0 respectively.

OR

A digital signal refers to an electrical signal that is converted into a pattern of bits.
Computer Ethics and Research
1. What are ethics?
ANS: Ethics are moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity. OR
Ethics can also be defined as the standards and rules we use to guide the way we live our lives.

2. What are computer ethics?

ANS: Computer ethics describe the standards and rules used to guide our use of the computer.

3. What is netiquette?
ANS: Netiquette is short for “network etiquette.” It is a code of good behaviour on the internet.

4. List 6 guidelines to follow when using the internet.

ANS: 1. Be respectful – respect privacy, diversity and opinions that may differ from your own.
2. Avoid sharing another person’s professional or personal information.
3. Avoid pasting inflammatory or offensive comments online (a.k.a flaming)
4. Never spam others by sending large amounts of unsolicited email.
5. Show good sportsmanship when playing online games, whether you win or lose.
6. Do not swear or use offensive language

5. What is data integrity?

ANS: Data integrity refers to the validity of data. Data is said to have integrity if it is accurate and
complete when it enters a system and does not become inaccurate after further processing.

6. List 5 ways in which data integrity can be compromised.

ANS: 1. Inaccurate data entry
2. Viruses
3. Hardware malfunctions
4. Accidental or malicious deletion or changing of data
5. Natural disasters such as fires, floods and earthquakes

7. What is data security?

ANS: Data security is the protection of data from unauthorized users.

8. State one method used to ensure data integrity.

ANS: Data security

9. List two ways in which we can ensure data security.

ANS: Physical/hardware safeguards and software safeguards

10. What are physical safeguards?

ANS: Physical safeguards deal with the protection of hardware and software from accidental or
malicious damage or destruction. For instance:
 Allowing only authorized personnel to access computer facilities. This can be enforced by:
- A monitoring system by using video cameras
- Security guards
 Storing data in a fireproof safe
 Storing data in another building or another location
 Distributing sensitive work to a number of employees rather than just one.
11. What are software safeguards?
ANS: Software safeguards seek to prevent unauthorized access to computer files. For instance:
 Using passwords to access the system.
 Data encryption – encoding (scrambling) data during storage or transmission so that it cannot be
understood by someone who does not have the encryption key or software to convert it back to
its original form.
 Installing a firewall – This is a program, a hardware device, or a combination of both, that filters
the information coming in through the Internet connection to your computer system or
network. It prevents unauthorized users from gaining access. Some firewalls protect systems
from viruses, spam (electronic junk mail) and e-mail bombs.

Software Safeguards Hardware Safeguards

Encryption Biometric system
Authorized Personnel Only
Passwords Guards
Video Cameras
Firewall Locks
Virus Protection Fire/Waterproof cabinets

12. Name two popular firewall software packages.

ANS: Blackice Defender and ZoneAlarm

14. Data may become damaged, lost, stolen or have its integrity breached through accidental or
deliberate acts. List some of these acts.
ANS: Accidental Deliberate
Accidents Hacking
Hardware malfunction/failure Malware
Power-related problems Fraud and theft
Natural disasters Revenge
Fire
Environmental factors

15. List three ways of ensuring recovery of data if something should go wrong.
ANS: Backup, disaster recovery and archives

16. What is data backup?

ANS: A copy or archive of important information on a device.

17. Describe the act of backing up data.

ANS: The act of backing up data is when you:
1. Create a copy of your important information.
2. Store it in a secure, separate location.
3. Recognize the backup as a restoration method for your device.
18. What is disaster recovery?
ANS: A disaster recovery strategy is a means of getting back to normal as soon as possible if disaster
does strike.

19. What are archives?

ANS: These are files created or received by an institution or organization that are stored because of their
value.

20. List common internet crimes that individuals today can be convicted of.
ANS: 1. Child Pornography
2. Phishing
3. Internet Fraud
4. Malware
5. Software Piracy
6. Hacking
7. Identity Theft

22. What is phishing?

ANS: This crime occurs when someone accesses a computer without authorization and proceeds to
spam other individuals. A minimum five-year prison sentence is attached to this uncouth internet crime.

23. What can spam include?

ANS: Spam could include repeatedly sending the same email, using email messages to intentionally
deceive recipients, or falsifying header information in emails.

24. List five common types of phishing.

ANS: 1. Email phishing – Scammers create emails that impersonate legitimate companies and attempt to
steal your information.
2. Spear phishing – similar to email phishing, but the messages are more personalized. For
example, they may appear to come from your boss.
3. Clone phishing – scammers replicate an email you have received, but include a dangerous
attachment or link.
4. Whaling – Scammers target high-ranking executives to gain access to sensitive data or money.
5. Pop-up phishing – Fraudulent pop-ups trick users into installing malware.

25. What is internet fraud?

ANS: This occurs when a bogus company or an individual bills the customer for the purchase, collects the
money and then does not deliver the items purchased, or delivers a product that is substandard
compared with the one shown on the internet.

26. What is malware?

ANS: Malware is the crime of installing viruses and other damaging software onto a computer without
the user’s consent. Often, it is accomplished by setting up software that appears legitimate, only to
create serious problems for the unsuspecting user in the end. Penalties for this offense depend on the
specific details, but can include fines and time behind bars.
27. Name symptoms of malware infection.
ANS: Pop-up galore, strange emails, programs acting weird and files won’t open

28. What is software piracy?

ANS: Software piracy is the act of stealing software that is legally protected. This stealing includes
selling, distributing, modifying or copying the software.

29. What is hacking?

ANS: Hacking is gaining access to a computer file or network illegally or without authorization.

30. Differentiate between identity theft and identity fraud.

ANS: Identity theft is stealing someone’s identity data from bank accounts, passports, birth certificates,
social security, credit cards, debit cards, cellphones and driver’s licenses. While identity fraud is using
the stolen data to open bank accounts, make passports, use social security numbers, clone bank cards,
clone cellphones and make fake driver’s licenses.

Intellectual Property
31. Define intellectual property.
ANS: Intellectual property is the right of a person to own his original creative works. Persons who gather
and distribute creative work include authors, singers, journalists, inventors, filmmakers, photographers
and sculptors.

32. What is the purpose of intellectual property?

ANS: Intellectual property protects the manner in which the creative work is expressed. Creative works
include ideas, literary works, painting, music, recording, invention, logo, brand name and design.

33. What are the two main reasons why countries have IP laws?
ANS: 1. To give statutory protection to the moral and economic rights that a creator, inventor or right
owner has in a protected work.
2. To promote government policy, creativity and the dissemination and application of scientific
information and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to social and economic development.

34. List four types of intellectual property.

ANS: Patent for invention, trademarks or brand identity, industrial design for a product, and copyright
for materials.

36. What is a trademark or brand identity?

ANS: A trademark or brand identity is a distinctive sign which is used to distinguish the products or
services of one business from those of another business.

38. What is copyright for Material?

ANS: This is granting the exclusive right for ideas, literary work and artistic material.
39. What is copyright?
ANS: Copyright is the exclusive right of the owner for his creation of work. A copyright gives the owner
exclusive rights to duplicate, publish and sell their materials.

40. What is Exclusive rights?

ANS: Exclusive rights grant the owner of the intellectual property to the exclusive ability to take certain
action rather than the ability to exclude a third party from taking that action.

41. What is copyright protection?

ANS: Copyright protection is designed to ensure that persons who create content are financially
compensated for their work

42. Draw the copyright symbol?

ANS:

43: What are the two (2) main rights that are protected under copyright?
ANS: economic and moral right

44: What is copyright infringement?

ANS: Copyright infringement is the use of another person’s work without his consent or crediting the
source.

45. What does copyright infringement include?

ANS: 1. Software piracy - This is the unauthorized copying, use, or illegal copying of software that is
copyrighted.
2. Making illegal copies by typing, photocopying, or scanning information into a computer.
3. Recording live music or videos without permission.
4. Broadcasting or performing copyrighted material to the public.
5. Copying or burning CDs or DVDs for sale.

46. What is plagiarism?

ANS: Plagiarism is the use of someone’s intellectual property without giving appropriate credit to the
owner. It is also defined as stealing someone’s work or idea and claiming it as the original.

47. Why should we avoid plagiarism?

ANS: A writer who submits a plagiarism work is committing a theft with the hope of benefiting from the
theft.

48. What are the guidelines to follow to avoid plagiarism?

ANS: 1. Keep track of the sources you consult for your research.
2. Give credit whenever you use another person’s idea, opinion, theory; any charts, statistics,
graphs, drawing, any pieces of information that are not common to knowledge; quotations of another
person’s actual spoken or written words.
3. Paraphrase or quote from the source (add your own words and ideas).
4. Credit the original author in an in-text citation and reference list.
5. Use several different sources of information
 6. make your own notes from source documents and develop your own ideas.

50. What is the Use of referencing format?

ANS: For reference and bibliography which consist of a list of sources used to obtain information for
preparing a document.

51. What are the sources to use to make the reference list and bibliography list?
ANS: books, internet websites, articles (newspapers and magazines)

52. What is the meaning of APA?

ANS: The American Psychological Association

What is the meaning of MLA?

ANS: Modern Language Association

53. What is the recommended referencing style format for CXC-CSEC documents?
ANS: APA

54. How to format a book source in APA format as a reference?

ANS: 1. The name of the authors are arranged in alphabetical order
2. list the author with the surname appearing first, and the initials for given names, followed by a
full stop.
3. When there are two or more authors, type in the usual order with the “&” separating their
names.
4. use a hanging indent to type each item.
5. type the year of the publication within parenthesis.
6. the title of the book is typed in italics or underlined.
7. the place of publication is typed followed by a colon (:) and then the publisher.

55. Give an example of a book referencing format.

ANS: Beckett, S. T. (2008). The science of chocolate (2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Royal Society
of Chemistry.

ANS: Lincoln, H., Page, A., et al., (2002). Just click for the Caribbean (3rd ed.). Oxford.

56. What are the guidelines to write an internet reference?

ANS: 1. List the author or editor (surname first)
2. Type the date of publication or date last updated followed by a full stop.
3. Type the title of the article with initial capital letters (the first capital letter in the word is placed
in capital letters)
4. Type the word “retrieved” followed by the date of access.
5. Type or paste in the Web Address (URL- uniform resource locator)

57. Give an example of a website.

ANS: Cioe, J. (2012). The normal distribution [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from
[Link]

58. Name five organizations that protect the right of content creators.
ANS: JAMCOPY (Jamaica Copyright Licensing Agency), JAMMS (Jamaica Music Society), JIPO (Jamaica
Intellectual Property Office), Broadcasting Commission and JCAP (Jamaica Association of Composers,
Authors and Publishers)

59. List three roles of JAMCOPY.

ANS: 1. Manages the reproduction rights of creators and publishers whose works are published in print.
2. Educates the public and promotes respect for copyright
3. Distribute royalties to authors and publishers

60. List three roles of the Broadcasting Commission.

ANS: 1. Conducts research on all areas relating to electronic media in Jamaica.
2. Evaluate applications and make recommendations to the Minister for the grant of licenses and
the terms under which the license should be granted or renewed.
3. Monitor whether the operations and the programming of licensees meet the standards set out
in law or the terms and conditions of the license.