1.

Employees' Provident Funds & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

 Objec ve: Employees ke future ko secure karna through PF, Pension, aur Insurance.

 Applica on: Har factory ya scheduled establishment par lagu hota hai.

 Threshold: 20 ya usse zyada employees wale establishments par lagu.

 Voluntary Coverage: 20 se kam employees wale establishments bhi isme laaye ja sakte hain.

 Important Defini ons:

o Excluded Employee: Woh employee jiska basic wage shuruat mein hi ₹15,000/month se zyada ho.

o Basic Wages: Woh saari cash earnings jo fixed hain, HRA, over me, bonus, commission ko chhod
kar.

 Contribu on (Jama):

o Employee ka Hissa: 12% (Basic Wages + DA + Retaining Allowance ka).

o Employer ka Hissa: 12%; jisme se 8.33% EPS mein jata hai (₹15,000 tak ke wage par) aur 3.67%
EPF mein jata hai.

o Administra ve Charges: Employer 0.50% EPF aur 0.50% EDLI ke liye deta hai.

 EPS-95 (Employees' Pension Scheme):

o Pensionable Service: Kam se kam 10 saal ka service hona zaroori hai.

o Superannua on Pension: 58 saal ki umr par milta hai.

o Reduced Pension: 50 saal ki umr se bhi le sakte hain, kam pension par.

 EDLI (Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance):

o Benefit: Life insurance cover jo average PF balance se linked hota hai.

o Maximum Benefit: Abhi ₹7 Lakh tak ka cover milta hai.

 Interna onal Worker: Woh Indian ya foreign worker jo interna onal borders par kaam karte hain, unke
liye alag rules hain.

2. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

 Objec ve: Industry mein peace aur harmony lane ke liye, disputes ko se le karne ka process dena.

 Important Defini on: "Workman": Koi bhi skilled, unskilled, manual, technical, ya clerical kaam karne
wala vyak .

 Disputes Se le Karne Wali Authori es:

o Works Commi ee: Employer aur workmen ke beech accha rela on banaye rakh hai.

o Concilia on Officer: Dono par es ke beech samjhauta karwane ki koshish karta hai.

o Board of Concilia on: Zyada serious disputes ko se le karne ke liye.

o Labour Court & Industrial Tribunal: Disputes ka final faisla karte hain.

 Lay-off, Retrenchment & Band (Closure):

o Lay-off Compensa on: Lay-off ke har din ke liye basic wage aur DA ka 50% milta hai.

o Retrenchment Compensa on: Har poore saal ke service ke liye 15 din ka average pay milta hai.

o Prior Permission: 100 se zyada workmen wale establishments mein lay-off/retrenchment/closure

ke liye government se permission leni pad hai.
  Strike & Lock-out:

o Legal Strike: Public u lity service mein 6 ha e ka no ce diye bina strike legal nahi hai.

o Illegal Strike: Jab koi case court/concilia on mein chal raha ho, tab strike karna illegal hai.

 Unfair Labour Prac ces: Isme likha hai ki employer aur workman kunsa galat conduct nahi kar sakte.

3. The Factories Act, 1948

 Objec ve: Factory mein kaam karne waale workers ki health, safety, aur welfare ke liye rules banana.

 "Factory" Ki Defini on: Woh jagah jahan 10+ workers power ke saath kaam karte hain, ya 20+ workers
bina power ke.

 Approval, Licensing & Registra on: Factory lagane se pehle government se license lena zaroori hai.

 Health Related Rules:

o Safai: Factory clean aur dirt-free honi chahiye.

o Waste Disposal: Waste ko sahi tareeke se dispose karna.

o Ven la on & Temperature: Hawa aur temperature ka sahi intezam.

o Drinking Water: Saaf peene ka pani aasani se uplabdh hona chahiye.

 Safety Related Rules:

o Machinery ki Fencing: Khatarnaq machinery ko cover karna zaroori hai.

o Chal Hui Machinery par Kaam: Sirf trained adult male workers hi kar sakte hain.

o Young Persons ka Kaam: Khatarnaq machines par minors ka kaam mana hai.

 Welfare Related Rules:

o First-aid Box: Har 150 workers ke liye ek first-aid box honi chahiye.

o Canteen: 250+ workers ki factory mein canteen honi zaroori hai.

o Rest Rooms & Lunch Rooms: 150+ workers ki factory mein honi chahiye.

o Crèche (Balwadi): 30+ women workers ki factory mein honi zaroori hai.

 Working Hours & Chhu :

o Weekly Hours: Zyada se zyada 48 ghante ek ha e mein.

o Daily Hours: Zyada se zyada 9 ghante ek din mein.

o Spreadover: Ek din ka kaam 10.5 ghante se zyada nahi phaila hona chahiye.

o Over me Wages: Over me ka payment ordinary rate se double milna chahiye.

o Annual Leave with Wages: Har 20 din kaam karne par 1 din ki paid chhu .

4. The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

 Objec ve: Employee ko re rement, resigna on, etc. par ek financial benefit dena.

 Applica on: Factory, mine, planta on, dukan, etc. jahan 10 ya usse zyada employees hain.

 Eligibility: Re rement, resigna on, ya death/disablement par, 5 saal con nuous service ke baad.

 Gratuity Ka Calcula on: (15 × Last Drawn Salary × Completed Years of Service) / 26.

o Salary = Basic Wage + Dearness Allowance.

  Maximum Limit: Gratuity ki maximum raashi ₹20 Lakh tak hai.

 Forfeiture (Gratuity Nahi Milegi): Agar employee ki job khatam hui:

o Willful negligence se employer ko nuksan pohchane par.

o Riotous conduct ya violence karke.

o Moral turpitude wale offense karne par.

5. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

 Objec ve: Mahila employees ko maternity benefits dene ke liye.

 Applica on: Har factory, mine, planta on, dukan, etc. par lagu hota hai.

 Main Benefits:

o Maternity Leave: Pehle do bacchon ke liye 26 ha a; uske baad ke bacchon ke liye 12 ha a.

o Medical Bonus: ₹3,500 agar employer prenatal/postnatal care nahi provide karta.

o Miscarriage/Tubectomy ke liye Chhu : 6 ha e ki paid chhu .

 Prohibi on: Delivery ya miscarriage ke baad 6 ha e tak employer woman ko kaam par nahi laga sakta.

 Crèche Facility (Balwadi): 50 ya usse zyada employees wale establishments mein honi zaroori hai.

 Work from Home Op on: Maternity leave khatam hone ke baad bhi work from home kiya ja sakta hai.

6. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948

 Objec ve: Kuch specific employments mein minimum wages fix karna.

 Minimum Wages Fix Karna: Central/State Government scheduled employments ke liye wages fix kar hai.

 Wages Fix Karne ke Tarike:

o Commi ee Method: Commi ee bana kar wages recommend karwa hai.

o No fica on Method: Official gaze e mein proposal publish karke feedback le hai.

 Minimum Wage ke Components:

o Ek basic rate of wage.

o Cost-of-living allowance.

o Concessional supply of items ki cash value.

 Normal Working Day: Generally 9 ghanta, jisme rest intervals shamil hain.

 Over me Wages: Over me ka payment ordinary rate se double milna chahiye.

 Claims & Authori es: Agar minimum wage nahi diya ja raha, toh claim kiya ja sakta hai.

Quick Revision Table

Act Kaam Kya Hai? EPFO Ke Liye Important Baat

PF, Pension, Insurance

EPF & MP Act, 1952 20+ employees; EPS ke liie ₹15,000 ceiling; EDLI max ₹7 Lakh.
dena
Act Kaam Kya Hai? EPFO Ke Liye Important Baat

Industrial Disputes Industrial Disputes Retrenchment compensa on: 15 din ka wage/saal; 100+
Act, 1947 Se le Karna workmen mein prior permission.

The Factories Act, 1948 Health, Safety & Welfare Factory (10/20 workers); 30+ women pe crèche; Over me double

Payment of Gratuity Re rement Par Amount

5 saal service; Max ₹20 lakh; 10+ employees par lagu.
Act, 1972 Dena

Maternity Benefit Act, Mahilaon Ko Maternity

26 ha a paid leave; 50+ employees pe crèche; Work from Home
1961 Benefits

Minimum Wages Act, Minimum Wages Fix

Government wages fix kar hai; Over me double milna chahiye.
1948 Karna

#LABOUR CODES

Four Labour Codes - EPFO Exam Focus

1. Code on Wages, 2019

 Subsumed Acts (Kaunse Acts ko Replace Kiya): The Payment of Wages Act, 1936; The Minimum Wages
Act, 1948; The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; The Equal Remunera on Act, 1976.

 Objec ve (Maqsad): Wages aur bonus se related saare laws ko ek saath combine karna.

 Key Applica on (Kahan Lagta Hai): Saare establishments aur saare employees par lagu hota hai.

 Cri cal Defini on: "Wage" (Wage Ki Naye Naye Defini on):

o PF jaise calcula ons ke liye ek standard defini on di gayi hai.

o Isme Basic Pay, DA, aur Retaining Allowance aata hai.

o Isme Nahi Aata: PF contribu on, Gratuity, HRA, Bonus, wagairah.

 Floor Wage (Deshwaar Minimum Wage): Central government ek na onal floor-level minimum wage fix
karegi.

 Payment of Wages (Wage Ka Payment Kab): Wage period khatam hone ke andar 7 din ke andar wages
pay karne hain.

 Equal Remunera on (Equal Pay): Same work ke liye gender ke basis par koi bhedbhav nahi.

2. Occupa onal Safety, Health & Working Condi ons (OSH) Code, 2020

 Subsumed Acts (Kaunse Acts ko Replace Kiya): The Factories Act, 1948; The Planta ons Labour Act, 1951;
The Mines Act, 1952; The Working Journalists Act, 1955; The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961; The
Beedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966; The Contract Labour Act, 1970; The Sales Promo on Employees Act,
 1976; The Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979; The Cine-Workers Act, 1981; The Dock Workers Act,
1986; The Building and Construc on Workers Act, 1996.

 Objec ve (Maqsad): Workers ki health, safety, aur working condi ons ko regulate karna.

 Key Defini on: "Worker" (Worker Ki Nayi Defini on):

o Kisi bhi industry mein employed vyak ko cover karta hai.

o "Inter-State Migrant Worker" ko specifically define karta hai - yeh bahut important hai.

 Single Registra on (Ek Hi Registra on): Kai alag-alag registra ons ko ek common registra on mein badal
diya gaya hai.

 Appointment Le er (Naukri Ka Offer Le er): Har employee ke liye appointment le er dena mandatory
hai.

 Health Check-ups (Sehat Ki Jaanch): Khaas categories ke workers ke liye free annual health check-ups.

 Leave & Working Hours (Chhu aur Kaam Ke Ghante):

o Chhu : Har 20 din kaam karne par 1 din chhu (un workers ke liye jo 240 din/se kam kaam karte
hain).

o Kaam Ke Ghante: Din mein 8 ghante.

3. Code on Social Security, 2020 (EPFO Ke Liye Sabse Important)

 Subsumed Acts (Kaunse Acts ko Replace Kiya): The Employees' Provident Funds Act, 1952; The
Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948; The Employees’ Compensa on Act, 1923; The Maternity Benefit
Act, 1961; The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972; The Employees' Exchange Act, 1959; The Cine-Workers
Welfare Fund Act, 1981; The Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008; The Building and
Construc on Workers Welfare Cess Act, 1996.

 Objec ve (Maqsad): Social security ko saare employees aur workers tak pahunchana.

 Key Defini ons (Important Defini ons):

o "Employee": Koi bhi vyak jise employer wages ke badle employ karta hai.

o "Unorganised Worker": Ghar baithe kaam karne wala, self-employed, ya unorganised sector mein
wage-worker.

o "Gig Worker": Woh worker jo tradi onal employer-employee rela onship se bahar kaam karta
hai.

o "Pla orm Worker": Woh gig worker jo online pla orm use karta hai.

 Social Security Funds (Social Security Nidhi): Unorganised, gig, aur pla orm workers ke liye Social
Security Funds banaye gaye hain.

 EPF & EPS Applicability (EPF aur EPS Kahan Lagega):

o EPF lagaane ki seema (threshold) 20 ya usse zyada employees wale establishments ke liye waise
hi rahegi.

o Central Government 20 se kam employees wale establishments ko bhi cover kar sak hai.

 Gratuity for Fixed-Term Employees: Fixed-term employees bhi gratuity pane ke liye eligible hain.

 Na onal Social Security Board: Ye board unorganised, gig, aur pla orm workers ke liye schemes
recommend karega.

4. Industrial Rela ons Code, 2020

  Subsumed Acts (Kaunse Acts ko Replace Kiya): The Trade Unions Act, 1926; The Industrial Employment
(Standing Orders) Act, 1946; The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

 Objec ve (Maqsad): Trade unions, employment ki condi ons, aur industrial disputes ki jaach ke laws ko
combine karna.

 Key Defini on: "Fixed-Term Employee":

o Statutory benefits mein permanent workers ke barabar mana jayega.

o Agar ek saal kaam karenge toh gratuity pane ke eligible honge.

 Standing Orders (Kaarke Niyam): Har industrial establishment mein jahan 300 ya usse zyada
workers hain, par lagu hoga (pehle 100 tha).

 No ce Period for Strike (Hartaal Ka No ce): Bina 60 din ka no ce diye strike karna illegal hoga.

 Nego a ng Union/Council (Samjhauta Karne Wali Union): 51% workers ka support haasil karne wali
union "Nego a ng Union" ban jayegi.

Key Consolida ons for Quick Revision

Code Consolidated Laws (Examples) Key EPFO-Relevant Point

Payment of Wages Act, Minimum

Wages Saare calcula ons ke liye "Wage" ki ek standard defini on.
Wages Act, Payment of Bonus Act

Establishments ke liye ek registra on; "Inter-State Migrant

OSH Factories Act, Contract Labour Act
Worker" define karta hai.

Social EPF Act, EPS Act, ESI Act, Payment of Bahut Important: Universal social security ka framework
Security Gratuity Act banata hai, naye type ke workers ko define karta hai.

Industrial Industrial Disputes Act, Trade Unions Standing Orders ka threshold 300 workers karta hai; "Fixed-
Rela ons Act Term Employee" define karta hai.