STD 12 Commerce Statistics Total Marks : 341

Statistics

➤ Section-A Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options. [55]
1. Which average is considered as the best average in construction of the index
number ?
(A) Harmonic mean (B) Arithmetic mean (C) Weighted mean (D) Geometric mean

2. Which expenditure of items is assigned as weights in the method of family

budget ?
(A) Expenditure of selected year (B) Average annual expenditure
(C) Expenditure of base year (D) Expenditure of current year

3. Which prices are considered in the construction of the cost of living index
number ?
(A) Market price (B) Wholesale price (C) Average Price (D) Retail price

4. Which consumption is used in the calculation of Laspeyre's index number ?

(A) Consumption of base year (B) Consumption of current year
(C) Consumption of average year (D) Consumption of any year

5. If , which of the following statements is true ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

6. If the purchasing power of money is 0.75 in the year 2016 with respect to the
base year 2015 then what will be the price index number for the year 2016 ?
(A) 750 (B) 175 (C) 133.33 (D) 275

7. The price of an item increased by 4.5 times in the current year as compared to
the base year. What will be the price index number ?
(A) 45 (B) 450 (C) 550 (D) 350

8. What is the range of the correlation coefficient r ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)
9. Which of the following values is not possible as a value of r ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

10. If and , then which of the following statement is

correct ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

11. What is the value of the rank correlation coefficient if =0?

(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 0.5

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 12. In the method of rank correlation, if the ranks of two variables are exactly in
reverse order, then what is the value of r ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
13. In usual notations, which term is added in Σd2 for each repeated observation in
the rank correlation ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

14. Which kind of correlation will you get between the number of units sold and its
revenue at constant price ?
(A) Perfect Positive (B) Partial Positive (C) Perfect Negative (D) Partial Negative
15. Which type of measurement is correlation co-efficient?
(A) Absolute (B) Average (C) Relative (D) Ratio

16. What is the value of r, if all the points plotted in a scatter diagram lie on a single
line only ?
(A) (B) 1 or – 1 (C) 0.5 (D) – 0.5
17. Which kind of the correlation exists if the following scatter diagram is of two
variables X and Y ?

(A) Perfect Positive correlation (B) Partial Positive correlation

(C) Perfect Negative correlation (D) Partial Negative correlation
18. What is error e in estimation in case of line of regression of Y on X ?
(A) y – ŷ (B) x̂ – ŷ (C) x – x̂ (D) ŷ – x̂
19. Which regression line is used if the sale of a commodity depends on its
advertisement cost ?
(A) Regression line of advertisement cost on sale
(B) Regression line of advertisement cost on advertisement cost
(C) Regression line of sales on advertisement cost
(D) Regression line of sales on sales
20. Which of the following is a regression line of Y on X ?
(A) ŷ = a + bx + cx2 (B) x̂ = c + by (C) ŷ = a + bx (D) ŷ = a + bx2
21. If , how much part of the total variation in the dependent variable can be
explained by the regression model?
(A) 80 % (B) 64 % (C) 36 % (D) 20 %

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 22. The best fitted line of regression can be obtained by which method ?
(A) Least Square Method (B) Karl Pearson’s Method
(C) Maximum Square Method (D) Bowley’s Method
23. In usual notation, what is byx ?
(A) Intercept
(B) Dependent Variable
(C) The approximate change in the value of Y for a unit change in the value of X.
(D) The approximate change in the value of X for a unit change in the value of Y.
24. Which of the following is correct ?
(A) (C) (D)
(B)

25. The regression line always passes which point ?

(A) (x̄, ȳ) (B) (0, ȳ) (C) (x̄, 0) (D) (0, 0)
26. Which component of the time series is impossible to predict ?
(A) Random component (B) Trend
(C) Seasonal component (D) Cyclical component

27. Which of the following variations are due to cyclical component ?

(A) Rise in demand during winter
(B) Decrease in the share prices due to recession in share market.
(C) Decrease in the agricultural produce due to excessive rains
(D) Continuously decreasing death rate

28. Name the method for fitting the linear equation to find linear trend.
(A) Graphical Method (B) Method of least squares
(C) Method of moving average (D) Method of partial average
29. How do you show the additive model of the time series ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

30. What is the value of for events and ?

(A) 1 (B) (C) 0.5 (D) Between and 1
31. Two events and of a sample space are mutually exclusive. Which of the
following will be equal to ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

32. If events and are independent, which of the following options is true ?
(A) (B)

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 (C) (D)

33. For two events and of a samples space, state the event .
(A) (B) B (C) A (D) U
34. According to the mathematical definition of probability, what is the probability
of each outcome among the outcomes of a random experiment ?
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) Cannot say

35. Which of the following options is true for any event of the sample space ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

36. Mean and variance of a discrete probability distribution are 3 and 7 respectively.
What will be for this distribution?
(A) 10 (B) 4 (C) 40 (D) 16

37. For a positively skewed binomial distribution with , which of the following
values might be the value of mean?
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 9 (D) 7

38. The binomial distribution has mean 5 and variance . What will be the type of
this distribution ?
(A) Positively skewed (B) Negatively skewed
(C) Symmetric (D) Nothing can be said about the
distribution.

39. For the probability distribution of a discrete random variable, and

. What will be the variance of this distribution?
(A) 40 (B) 30 (C) 20 (D) 10

40. A random variable assumes the values and 2 only with respective
probabilities and . If \(0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
41. Which variable of the following will be an illustration of continuous variable?
(A) Number of accident occurring at any place
(B) Number of rainy days during a year
(C) Maximum temperature during a day
(D) Number of children in a family
42. If the distribution of normal variable is shown as N(20,4) then which of the
following intrvals includes 99.73% of observations ?
(A) (18, 22) (B) (16, 24) (C) (14, 26) (D) (12, 28)

43. What is the value of “e” in the probability density function of a normal
distribution?

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 (A) 3.1416 (B) 3.8271 (C) 2.7183 (D) 2.1614
44. What is the value of in the probability density function of normal distribution?
(A) 3.1416 (B) 2.7183 (C) 3.7183 (D) 3.1614 .
45. For a normal distribution, approximate value of mean deviation is 20. Which of
the following is the value of quartile deviation ?
(A) (B) (C) 24 (D)

46. What Is the interval form of ?

(A) (4.75, 5.25) (B) , (C) , (D) ,
47. What is the interval form of 0.02 neighbourhood of -2?
(A) (1.98, 2.02) (B) (-1.98, 2.02) (C) (-2.02, -1.98) (D) (-2.02, 1.98)
48. If modulus form of is \(|x-10|
(A) a (B) (C) (D)
49. What is the modulus form of ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

50. What is the interval form of ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)
51. What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be minimum
at ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

52. If and are functions of then what is the formula for derivative of ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

53. What is the formula for elasticity of demand?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

54. If the function is increasing at then which is the correct option from
the following ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
55. If and are two functions of then what is the formula of derivative of their
product?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

➤ Section-B Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [60]

1. Define the index number.

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 2. 'The price index number of oil is ₹ .' State whether this statement is true or
false and if false, correct and rewrite it.
3. What is weight ?
4. What is a base year ?
5. What is a price relative ?
6. Define the cost of living index number.
7. Name the important basic tests of index numbers.
8. Define correlation.
9. The age of an adult person and life insurance premium at the time of taking an
insurance under a plan.
10. The sales and profit of last five years for a mostly accepted product of a
company.
11. The rate of inflation and the purchase power of common man of a country
when income of the common man is stable.
12. What will be the sign of r if the value of co-variance is negative ?
13. Altitude and amount of Oxygen in air.
14. If the value of is six times the value of then what is the value of ?
15. If is the relation between and then what is the value of ?
16. Give the name of a method to obtain the best fitted regression line.
17. The regression coefficient is independent of which transformation ?
18. The regression coefficient is not independent of which transformation ?
19. What is the value of error if a sample point is on the fitted line ?
20. What is meant by analysis of time series ?
21. State the names of methods of measuring trend.
22. Give an example of time series having decreasing trend.
23. What is a time series ?
24. Which of the components of time series produce short-term variations ?
25. What is the notation to show the cyclical component of the time series ?
26. The linear equation fitted using the data of 7 weeks for a variable is
. Estimate the value of for the eighth week.
27. When does it become difficult to use the method of moving average to find
trend?
28. Write the sample space of a random experiment of throwing one balanced die
and a balanced coin simultaneously.

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 29. Write the law of multiplication of probability for two independent events A and B
in sample space.
30. 1998 tickets out of 2000 tickets do not have a prize. If a person randomly selects
one ticket from 2000 tickets then what is the probability that the ticket selected
is eligible for prize?
31. State the limitations of statistical definition of probability.
32. State the formula for the probability of occurrence of at least one event out of
three events A, B and C.
33. Interpret and .
34. For two independent events and and . Find .
35. Define an event.
36. Define discrete random variable.
37. Define continuous random variable.
38. State the formula to find variance of discrete variable.
39. The probability of failure in a binomial distribution is 0.6 and the number of
trials in it is 5. Find the probability of success.
40. State the formula to find mean of discrete variable.
41. What is the skewness of normal distribution?
42. Marks obtained by students of a school in Economics subject follows normal
distribution with mean and standard deviation . The value of standard score
that a randomly selected student obtained 60 marks is 1 . If the variance of
variable is 100 (marks) then find average marks.
43. What is the shape of normal curve?
44. What is the probability that a continuous random variable takes definite value?
45. Which value of normal variable divides the area of normal curve in two equal
parts?
46. For which value of standard normal variable, the standard normal curve is
symmetric on both the sides?
47. "Standard score is independent of unit of measurement". Is this statement true
or false?
48. Express the following in interval and neighbourhood form:

49. If then find the value of .

50. If then find the value of .

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 51. Express the following in modulus and interval form:
0.05 neighbourhood of 0
52. Express the following in modulus and interval form:
0.001 neighbourhood of - 1
53. Express the following in interval and neighbourhood form:
|x – 2|< 0.01
54. Express the following in interval and neighbourhood form:
|x + 5 | < 0.1
55. Express the following in interval and neighbourhood form:
|x| <
56. Express 0.09 neighbourhood of 0 in interval form.
57. Express 0.001 neighbourhood of -5 in modulus form.
58. Express in neighbourhood form.
59. Find the value of .
60. Find the value of where is an odd number.

➤ Section-C Answer The Following Questions as Directed. [80]

1. What is weight in the construction of index numbers? State the types of weight.
2. Why is Fisher’s index number called an ideal number ?
3. If and , find .
4. State the characteristics of index number.
5. What is quantity index number ?
6. Explain the meaning of negative correlation with an illustration
7. Define Scatter Diagram.
8. What is spurious correlation ?
9. Explain Perfect positive correlation
10. Explain Perfect negative correlation
11. In which situation, the values of Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and
spearman’s rank correlation coefficient are equal ?
12. For 10 pairs of observations, . Find the value of the rank correlation
coefficient.
13. Describe the additive model of time series.
14. What is meant by Cyclical Component ?
15. How does seasonal component differ from the cyclical component ?

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 16. If and , for two events and , find .
17. Explain the equiprobable events with illustration.
18. If and for two independent events and then find
.
19. What is the shape of standard normal curve ? To which value of variable it is
symmetric ?
20. Define standard normal variable and write its probability density function.
21. The extreme quartiles of a normal variable are 10 and 30 . Find its mean
deviation.
22. The probability that the value of standard normal variable lies between 0 and -
score is 0.4950 . Find the possible values of -score.
23. Write the conditions for probability density function for continuous variable.
24. How is the normal curve drawn?
25. Define probability density function for normal variable.
26. State the standard form of limit of a polynomial.
27. Define the neighborhood of .
28. State multiplication working rule of limit.
29. Define limit of a function.
30. State division working rule of limit.
31. Explain marginal cost and give its formula.
32. Find the derivative of . For which value of will the derivative be
zero?
33. , prove that
34. If then for which value of ?
35.
Find if .
36.
Find if .

37. Obtain marginal cost if the production cost function is .

38. State necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be maximum at .
39. State the division rule of derivative.
40. State the conditions for production cost function to be minimum.

➤ Section-D Answer The Following Questions as Directed. [36]

1. Find the cost of living index number by the family budget method from the
following information about index numbers of different groups ofitems for

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 living and their weights.
Food Clothin Electricity- House Miscellaneou
Group
items g fuel rent s
Index
281 177 178 210 242
number
Weight 46 10 7 12 25
2. The prices of three items A, B and C among five items have increased in the year
2015 by 90 %, 120 % and 70 % respectively with respect to the year 2010,
whereas the prices of two items D and E have decreased by 2 “/0 and 5 "a
respectively. Item A is four times important than item B and item C is six times
important than item A. The importance of items D and E is two and half times
the importance of item B. Compute the general price index number of the year
2015 for all the five items.
3. The following data is available for two variables rainfall in and yield of
crop Qtl/ Hectare .
and . Find the correlation
coefficient.
4. The coefficient of rank correlation of the marks obtained by 10 students in two
particular subjects was found to be 0.5. Later on, it was found that one of the
differences of the ranks of a student was 7 but it was taken as 3. Find the
corrected value of the correlation coefficient.
5. In usual notations, and . Obtain the
regression coefficient of a regression line of on and interpret it.
6. If then find the value of for the following and .
(i) and
(ii) and
(iii) and
7. There are 3 boys and 2 girls in a friend-circle. Two persons are randomly
selected from this friend-circle one by one with replacement to sing a song. Find
the probability that the first person is a boy and the second person is a girl in
the two persons selected to sing a song.
8. One number is randomly selected from the first 50 natural numbers. Find the
sets showing the following events.
(1) The number selected is a multiple of 5 or 7 .
(2) The number selected is a multiple of both 5 and 7.
(3) The number selected is a multiple of 5 but not a multiple of 7.
(4) The number selected is only a multiple of 7 out of 5 and 7 .
9. There are 4 red and 2 white balls in a box. 2 balls are drawn at random from the
box without replacement. Obtain probability distribution of number of white

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 balls in the selected balls.
10. The probability that a person living in a city is a non-vegetarian is 0.20 . Find the
probability of at the most two persons out of 6 persons randomly selected from
the city is non-vegetarian.
11. . For which value of ?
12. The cost function of producing units of a commodity is . Find
the marginal cost if the production is 100 units and interpret it.

➤ Section-E Answer The Following Questions as Directed. [40]

1. A normal variable has mean 400 and variance 900 . Find the fourth decile and
90th percentile for this distribution and also interpret the values.
2. The number of students in classes of higher secondary schools of a city follows
normal distribution. Average number of students in the classes is 50 and
standard deviation is 15. If a class is selected at random then find the following
probabilities (i) a class consists of more than 68 students (ii) a class consists of
less than 32 students.
3. The monthly income of workers working in a production house follows normal
distribution. Their average monthly income is ₹ 15,000 and standard deviation is
4000. (1) If a worker is selected at random then find the probability that his
monthly income is between ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 25,000. (2) Find the percentage of
workers having monthly income between ₹ 12,000 and ₹ 22,000 in the
production house.
4. In a big showroom of electronic items, on an average 52 electronic units are
sold every week and its variance is 9 (unit) . Sale of electronic items follows
normal distribution. The probability that the sale of electronic items during a
week out of 52 weeks is from units to 61 units is 0.1574 . Estimate the value
of . Also estimate the number of weeks during which the sale of electronic
items is more than 55 units.
5. It is known that on an average a person spends 61 minutes in a painting
exhibition. If this time is normally distributed and of the persons spent less
than 30 minutes in the exhibition then find variance of the distribution. Also
determine the probability that a person spends more than 90 minutes in the
exhibition.
6. If the diameter of pipes produced by a company manufacturing pipes is
to then it is accepted by specified group of customers. The standard
deviation of produced pipes is and it is known that of the pipes
produced in the unit have diameter more than . Find the average
diameter of the produced pipes. Also find the percentage of pipes rejected by

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 specified group of customers.
Note : The diameter of the produced pipes follows normal distribution.
7.
Find the values of the following: where
8. Find the values of the following: where
9. Production cost function of a commodity is . Prove that
production is minimum when 400 units are produced.
10. The daily cost of production for tons of a commodity is .
How many units should be produced for the minimum cost ? Also find the
minimum cost.

➤ Section-F Answer The Following Questions as Directed. [70]

1. Compute the Fisher’s index number from the data given below about six
different items.
Item A B C D E F
Unit 20 kg Quintal kg Litre Meter Dozen
Year 2013 Quantity 5kg 10 kg 1200 gm 30 litre 12 meter 20 pieces
Year 2013 Price (₹) 600 1600 60 52 8 30
Year 2015 Quantity 12 kg 12 kg 2000 gm 36 litre 20 meter 16 pieces
Year 2015 Price (₹) 880 2400 75 32 12 36

2. The details of expenses on fuel for a group of workers of a region are as follows
:
Base year 2012 Year 2014
Item
Quantity Price per unit (₹) Price per unit (₹)
Coal 5 Kilogram 25 30
Kerosene 20 Litre 40 45
Wood 5 Kilogram 22 25
Match-box 10 Boxes 0.90 1

Prepare the index number of the group of fuel expenditure from these data. If
the expenditurefor food, clothing, house rent and miscellaneous groups in the
year 2015 are 3, 2.5, 4.5 and3.25 times respectively that of the year 2012, and if
the expenditures on these groups are42 %, 15 %, 10 % and 12 % respectively of
the total expenditure then prepare the cost ofliving index number for the
workers.
3. Compute the index number for the year 2015 by total expenditure method and
family budget method and state whether both the index numbers are same.
Item Unit Year 2013 Consumption Year 2013 Price Year 2015 Price
(Quantity) (Rs.) (Rs.)

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 Whea Quint 100 kg 1,800 2,400
t al
Rice 20 kg 40 kg 700 800
Suga kg 40 kg 30 36
r
Oil kg 60 kg 108 120
Pulse 20 kg 40 kg 2,000 2,400
s
Ghee kg 36 kg 400 480
4. Compute the Laspeyre's, Paasche's and Fisher's index numbers for the year
2015 from the data given below.
Item Quantity Price (Rs.)
Year 2014 Year 2015 Year 2014 Year 2015
A 25 kg 32 kg 42 45
B 15 Liter 20 Liter 28 30
C 10 Pieces 20 Pieces 30 36
D 8 Meter 15 Meter 20 25
E 30 Litre 36 Litre 60 65
5. The following information is collected by taking a sample of seven candidates
having nearly same intellectual ability to know the effect of ‘last days
preparation’ for a competitive examination of general knowledge on the ‘result
of the examination’.
Reading hours of last three days (hours) 25 38 30 28 34 40 36
Marks obtained in the examination 65 75 68 70 72 79 75

Find the correlation coefficient between reading hours of the last three days and
marks obtained in the examination from the data and interpret it.
6. An entrance test required to study abroad is conducted online. The marks
obtained in Reasoning Ability and English Speaking in this online test (having
negative marking system for wrong answer) by 5 students selected in a sample
are given below :
Student A B C D E
Marks in Reasoning Ability 5 5 5 5 5
Marks in English Speaking 2 -2 -2 0 2
Find the rank correlation coefficient between Reasoning Ability and Ability in
English Speaking.
7. A company manufacturing spare parts for vehicles fixed different prices of
rubber busher for five months to know the effect of price on its demand. Draw
the scatter diagram from it and discuss about the nature of the correlation.

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 1 1 1 1 1
Price x
2 3 4 5 6
Monthly Demand (thousand 4 3 3 1 1
units) y 5 5 0 5 0
8. In order to study the relation between the performance of students of a school
in terms of marks in the subjects of Gujarati and Statistics, the following data
are collected by taking a sample of six students.
Marks in Gujarati x 65 72 66 70 72 69
Marks in Statistics y 90 95 88 92 85 90

Compute the correlation coefficient between the marks obtained by the

students in two subjects from this data.
9. The monthly sale of different types of laptops (in hundred units) and its profit
(in lakh ₹) for the last six months for a company is given below.
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of laptops sold (hundred units) x 5 7 5 12 8 3
Profit (lakh ₹) y 8 9 10 15 10 6

Obtain the regression line of Y on X. Also find the error in estimating Y for X = 7.
10. In order to study the relationship between the repairing time of accident
damaged cars and the cost of repair, the following information is collected.
Repairing time of a car (man hours) 32 40 25 29 35 43
Repairing cost (thousand ₹) 25 35 18 22 28 46

Obtain the regression line of Y (repairing cost) on X (repairing time). If the time
taken to repair a car is 50 hours, find an estimate of the repairing cost.
11. In order to determine the relationship between monthly income (in thousand ₹)
and monthly expenditure (in thousand ₹) of people of a group, a sample of
seven persons is taken from that group and the following information is
obtained.
Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Monthly income (thousand ₹) 60 70 64 68 62 65 72
Monthly expenditure(thousand ₹) 50 59 57 50 53 58 60

Obtain the regression line of monthly expenditure on monthly income. If a

person of the group has monthly income of ₹ 75 thousand, estimate his monthly
expenditure.
12. The data about goods transported in different years by a division of railways are
given below. Find the estimates for each year by fitting a linear equation and

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 represent it by a graph. Also find the estimate for the year 2016.
201 201 201 201 Jul-
Year
1 2 3 4 05
Goods transported
180 192 195 204 202
(tons)

13. The data of weekly prices (in USD per barrel) of crude oil are given in the
following table. Find the trend using four weekly moving averages.
Month Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16
Week 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Price of
35.92 38.5 39.44 39.46 36.79 39.72 40.36 43.73 45.92 44.66 46.21 48.45
Crude oil

14. The birth rates of a state in different years are given in the following table. Find
the linear trend for these data. Also find the estimate for birth rates in the year
2016 and 2017.
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Birth rate 22 22 21 21 21 20 20

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 Std- 12th Total Marks : 100
Statistics

➤ Section-A Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options. [20]
1. Which consumption is used in the calculation of Laspeyre's index number ?
(A) Consumption of base year (B) Consumption of current year
(C) Consumption of average year (D) Consumption of any year

2. Which prices are considered in the construction of the cost of living index
number ?
(A) Market price (B) Wholesale price (C) Average Price (D) Retail price

3. Which kind of the correlation can be obtained if the two variables are varying in
opposite direction in constant proportion ?
(A) Perfect Positive correlation (B) Perfect Negative correlation
(C) Partial Positive correlation (D) Partial Negative correlation

4. What does the numerator indicate in the formula for calculating the correlation
coefficient by Karl Pearson’s method ?
(A) Product of variance of X and Y (B) Covariance of X and Y
(C) Variance of X (D) Variance of Y

5. Which regression line is used if the sale of a commodity depends on its

advertisement cost ?
(A) Regression line of advertisement cost on sale
(B) Regression line of advertisement cost on advertisement cost
(C) Regression line of sales on advertisement cost
(D) Regression line of sales on sales
6. In usual notation, what is byx ?
(A) Intercept
(B) Dependent Variable
(C) The approximate change in the value of Y for a unit change in the value of X.
(D) The approximate change in the value of X for a unit change in the value of Y.

7. Which component of the time series is impossible to predict ?

(A) Random component (B) Trend
(C) Seasonal component (D) Cyclical component

8. Which of the following variations are due to cyclical component ?

(A) Rise in demand during winter
(B) Decrease in the share prices due to recession in share market.
(C) Decrease in the agricultural produce due to excessive rains

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 (D) Continuously decreasing death rate

9. Which of the following options is true for any event of the sample space ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10. What is the value of for events and ?
(A) 1 (B) (C) 0.5 (D) Between and 1
11. What is the other name of the classical definition of probability ?
(A) Mathematical definition (B) Axiomatic definition
(C) Statistical definition (D) Geometric definition

12. Which of the following options is not true for any two events A and B in the
sample space U; where, A ⊂ B ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
13. For which value of , the value of of binomial distribution with parameters
and becomes maximum?
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
14. The binomial distribution has mean 5 and variance . What will be the type of
this distribution ?
(A) Positively skewed (B) Negatively skewed
(C) Symmetric (D) Nothing can be said about the
distribution.
15. State the symbol for the probability density function of normal distribution.
(A) P (x) (B) R (x) (C) F(X) (D) F(Z)

16. What is the value of coefficient of skewness in normal distribution?

(A) 0 (B) (-1) (C) 1 (D) 0.5
17. What is the value of ?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) (D) 8

18. What is the value of ?

(A) 5 (B) 25 (C) (D) 7

19. If the function is increasing at then which is the correct option from
the following ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20. If and are functions of then what is the formula for derivative of ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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 ➤ Section-B Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [10]
1. Define the index number.
2. Define correlation.
3. State the linear regression model.
4. Which of the components of time series produce short-term variations ?
5. Interpret and .
6. Write the law of multiplication of probability for two independent events A and B
in sample space.
7. Define discrete probability distribution.
8. "Standard score is independent of unit of measurement". Is this statement true
or false?
9. Express in neighbourhood form.
10. Find for the function .

➤Section-C Answer any 7 of the following questions. [14]

1. The wholesale price index numbers for the year 2014 and 2015 are found to be
177.6 and 181.2 respectively. Find the rate of inflation using index numbers of
both the years.
2. Find the correlation coefficient from the following information of rainfall (X) (in
cm) and yield (Y) (tons per hactare) for the last 10 years of a district: n = 10, Coy
(x, y) = 30, S.D. of X = 5 and variance of Y = 144
3. Find the value of if and .
4. If and , find the value of .
5. If and , for two events and , find .
6. Find parameters of the binomial distribution where mean and variance .
7. Find the value of

8. Find if .
9. Define elasticity of demand.

➤ Section-D Answer any 8 of the following questions. [24]

1. Find the fixed base index numbers from the following data about average
annual income of workers in a company from the year 2008 to the year 2014.
(Take base year as 2008)
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Average annual income (Rs. 10,000) 36 40 48 52 60 80 95

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 2. Write the properties of correlation coefficient.
3. Seven employees are selected from a company. They are judged by two
managers from the company in terms of their administrative skills. The ranks
given by them are as follows.
Employee A B C D E F G
Rank by Manager 1 6 7 5 4 3 2 1
Rank by Manager 2 7 6 5 2 4 1 3
Calculate the rank correlation coefficient between the judgments given by two
managers.
4. If the regression line of on is and , find the
coefficient of determination.
5. For two related variables and
. Obtain the regression line of
on .
6. Fit a linear equation from the following data for variable of a time series.

7. If and for events and then

find and .
8. A factory produces screws of different lengths. The length (in ) of screw is
denoted by . The events and are defined as follows in the experiment of
finding the length of selected screws. Find the events showing union event
and intersection event .

9. The probability that the tax-limit for income of males increases in the budget of
a year is 0.66 and the probability that the tax-limit increases for income of
females is 0.72 . The probability that the tax-limit increases for income of both
the males and females is 0.47 . Find the probability that
(1) the tax-limit increases for income of only one of the two, males and females.
(2) the tax-limit does not increase for income of males as well as females in the
budget of that year.
10. State properties of binomial distribution.
11. An example is given to 6 students to solve. The probability of getting correct
solution of the problem by any student is 0.6 . Students are trying to solve the
problem independently. Find the probability of getting the correct solution by
only 2 out of the 6 students.
12. Determine whether the function is increasing or
decreasing at and .

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 ➤Section-E Answer any 3 of the following questions. [12]
1. In a big showroom of electronic items, on an average 52 electronic units are
sold every week and its variance is 9 (unit) . Sale of electronic items follows
normal distribution. The probability that the sale of electronic items during a
week out of 52 weeks is from units to 61 units is 0.1574 . Estimate the value
of . Also estimate the number of weeks during which the sale of electronic
items is more than 55 units.
2. If the diameter of pipes produced by a company manufacturing pipes is
to then it is accepted by specified group of customers. The standard
deviation of produced pipes is and it is known that of the pipes
produced in the unit have diameter more than . Find the average
diameter of the produced pipes. Also find the percentage of pipes rejected by
specified group of customers.
Note : The diameter of the produced pipes follows normal distribution.
3.
Find the values of the following: where
4. In a factory, production cost per hundred tons of steel is .
Determine the production for minimum cost.

➤Section-F Answer any 4 of the following questions. [20]

1. Compute the index number for the year 2015 by total expenditure method and
family budget method and state whether both the index numbers are same.
Item Unit Year 2013 Consumption Year 2013 Price Year 2015 Price
(Quantity) (Rs.) (Rs.)
Whea Quint 100 kg 1,800 2,400
t al
Rice 20 kg 40 kg 700 800
Suga kg 40 kg 30 36
r
Oil kg 60 kg 108 120
Pulse 20 kg 40 kg 2,000 2,400
s
Ghee kg 36 kg 400 480
2. Six dancers A, B, C, D, E, and F in dance competition were judged by two dance
Gurus. The ranks assigned to the dancers are as follows.
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6
By Guru 1 B F A C D E
By Guru 2 F A C B E D
Find the rank correlation coefficient between the judgement of the two Gurus.

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 3. The details of monthly sale of mobile phones (in thousand units) and its profit
(in lakh ₹) for the last six months for a company making mobile phones are
given below.
No. of mobile phones sold (thousand units) x 3 8 12 5 7 5
Profit (lakh ₹) y 6 10 15 10 9 8

Find the correlation coefficient between ‘number of mobile phones sold’ and its
‘profit’.
4. In order to study the relationship between the repairing time of accident
damaged cars and the cost of repair, the following information is collected.
Repairing time of a car (man hours) 32 40 25 29 35 43
Repairing cost (thousand ₹) 25 35 18 22 28 46

Obtain the regression line of Y (repairing cost) on X (repairing time). If the time
taken to repair a car is 50 hours, find an estimate of the repairing cost.
5. The average monthly closing prices of shares of a company in the year 2016 are
given in the following table. Find the trend using four monthly moving averages.
Januar Februar Marc Apri Ma Jun Augus Sept Oct Nov
Month July Dec.
y y h l y e t . . .
Share price 26
253 231 350 261 262 266 261 281 278 278 272
(₹) 3

6. The data about goods transported in different years by a division of railways are
given below. Find the estimates for each year by fitting a linear equation and
represent it by a graph. Also find the estimate for the year 2016.
201 201 201 201 Jul-
Year
1 2 3 4 05
Goods transported
180 192 195 204 202
(tons)
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 Std-12th Total Marks : 100
Statistics

Section A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options. [20]

1. If the purchasing power of money is 0.75 in the year 2016 with respect to the
base year 2015 then what will be the price index number for the year 2016 ?
(A) 750 (B) 175 (C) 133.33 (D) 275

2. If the cost of living index number for the people of a class is 200 for the year
2016 with respect to the year 2015, which of the following statements is true ?
(A) There is an average 200 percent rise in the current year prices of the items
consumed by that class
(B) There is an average 100 percent decrease in the current year prices of the items
consumed by that class
(C) Purchasing power of money is ₹ 0.5.
(D) The current year prices of the items consumed by that class are stable.

3. What does the numerator indicate in the formula for calculating the correlation
coefficient by Karl Pearson’s method ?
(A) Product of variance of X and Y (B) Covariance of X and Y
(C) Variance of X (D) Variance of Y

4. Which of the following values is not possible as a value of r ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

5. For which value of the correlation coefficient (r), the regression coefficient
becomes zero ?
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 11 (D)
6. Which of the following is a regression line of Y on X ?
(A) ŷ = a + bx + cx2 (B) x̂ = c + by (C) ŷ = a + bx (D) ŷ = a + bx2

7. The trend equation obtained from a time series from January 2016 to December
2016 is . Find the value of trend for April 2016.
(A) 30.1 (B) 34.6 (C) 36.1 (D) 3.1

8. Which of the following fluctuations is the effect of seasonal component ?

(A) Increase in the migration to cities from rural areas
(B) Increase number of vehicles on roads in a city
(C) Increase in the number of tourists during school vacation
(D) Increased death rate during a certain epidemic.

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 9. If and then what type of events are and ?
(A) Independent events (B) Complementary events
(C) Certain events (D) Impossible events
10. If then what type of events are and ?
(A) Independent variables (B) Complementary events
(C) Certain events (D) Impossible events
11. The binomial distribution has mean 5 and variance . What will be the type of
this distribution ?
(A) Positively skewed (B) Negatively skewed
(C) Symmetric (D) Nothing can be said about the
distribution.
12. For which value of , the value of of binomial distribution with parameters
and becomes maximum?
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
13. For a positively skewed binomial distribution with , which of the following
values might be the value of mean?
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 9 (D) 7

14. State the symbol for the probability density function of normal distribution.
(A) P (x) (B) R (x) (C) F(X) (D) F(Z)
15. Normal distribution is a probability distribution of which type of random
variable?
(A) Discrete random variable (B) Continuous random variable
(C) Binomial random variable (D) Simple random variable
16. What is the value of in the probability density function of normal distribution?
(A) 3.1416 (B) 2.7183 (C) 3.7183 (D) 3.1614 .
17. What is the value of ?
(A) 5 (B) 25 (C) (D) 7

18. What is the value of ?

(A) 10 (B) (C) 8 (D) Indetermine
19. What is the formula for elasticity of demand?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

20. What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be minimum
at ?
(A) (B)

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 (C) (D)

Section B

* Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [10]

21. What is implicit weight ?

22. If r(x,y):0.3 then find r(u,v) for the following.
and
23. Will the regression coefficient change If the values of both the variables are
doubled with the help of transformation of scale?
24. When is the method of moving average more useful to find trend ?
25. Two balanced coins are tossed simultaneously. Write the sample space of this
random experiment.
26. State the relation between mean and variance of binomial distribution.
27. Mean of a normal distribution is 13.25 and its standard deviation is 10 . Estimate
the value of its third quartile.
28. What percentage of area is covered under the normal curve within the range
to ?
29. Find the value of .
30. Define marginal cost.

Section C

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 7 ) [14]

31. Convert the following index numbers obtained by fixed base method about the
production of craft industry of a state into the chain base index numbers.
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Fixed base index numbers 120 132 96 144 138 108
32. If the correlation coefficient between two variables X and Y is 0.5, find the value
of the following : (i) r (x, - y) (ii) r (- x, y) (iii) r (- x, - y)
33. The following measures are obtained to study the relation between rainfall in
cm (X) and yield of Bajri in Quintal per Hectare (Y) in ten different regions during
monsoon.
Obtain the regression line of yield Y
on rainfall X.
34. Describe the graphical method to measure trend.
35. The events and of a random experiment are defined as follows.
Find the sets showing union event and intersection event .

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 36. For a binomial distribution, mean and variance . Determine whether
the skewness of this distribution is positive or negative.
37.
Find the value of .

38. Express in neighbourhood and interval form.

39. If then find derivative of with respect to .

Section D

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 8 ) [24]

40. The whole sale price index numbers for commodities with the base year 2007-
08 are as follows. Compute the chain base index numbers.
Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Whole sale
price index 126 130.8 143.3 156.1 167.6 177.6 181.2 177.2
number
41. The following data are available about the crimes in a city. Find the general index
number by fixed base method considering the year 2010 as base year.
Type of Crime Year 2007 2008 2009 2010
Murder 110 128 134 129
Violence and rape 30 45 40 48
Robbery 610 720 770 830
Theft of property 2450 2630 2910 2890
42. The singing talent of five singers A, B, C, D and E was judged by two judges in a
singing competition. The ranks assigned to five singers are as follows.
Rank 1 2 3 4 5
By Judge 1 C A B E D
By Judge 2 B C D A E
Find the similarity between the decisions of the two judges from the rank
correlation coefficient.
43. To study the relation between two variables, yearly income (X) of a family and
their yearly investment (Y) in mutual funds, the following information is shown
for a sample of 100 families of a city.
X = Annual income of a family (lakh ₹) y = Annual investment in mutual fund of a
family (thousand ₹) Obtain the
regression line of annual investment in mutual fund of a family on their annual
income. Estimate the annual investment in mutual fund of a family whose
annual income is ₹ 4.5 lakh.

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 44. If and , obtain the regression line of on and
estimate for from it.
45. Find the trend using five yearly moving averages for the following data about
yearly production (in tons) of a factory.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Productions(tones) 112 106 93 90 114 159 170 130 108 113 115
46. For two events and in the sample space of a random experiment
and . Find and .
47. A factory has received an order to prepare 50,000 units of an item in a certain
time period. The probability of completing this work in the given time is and
the probability that the workers will not declare strike during that time period is
0.8. The probability that this work will be completed during the given period and
the workers will not declare strike is 0.7. Find the probability that
(1) The work will be completed as per schedule under the condition that the
workers have not declared strike. (2) Find the probability that the workers do
not declare strike in the given period knowing that the work is completed as per
schedule.
48. One number is randomly selected from the first 50 natural numbers. Find the
sets showing the following events.
(1) The number selected is a multiple of 5 or 7 .
(2) The number selected is a multiple of both 5 and 7.
(3) The number selected is a multiple of 5 but not a multiple of 7.
(4) The number selected is only a multiple of 7 out of 5 and 7 .
49. In a factory, packets of produced blades are prepared having 50 blades in each
packet. A quality control engineer randomly selects a packet from these packets
and examines all the blades of the selected packet. If 4 or more defective blades
are observed in the selected packet then the packet is rejected. The probability
distribution of the defective blades in the packet is given below :
Number of defective blades in the 6 or
0 1 2 3 4 5
packet more
9 3 3 2 2 K-
Probability 0.02
K K K K K 0.02

From the given probability distribution, (i) Find constant K. (ii) Find the
probability that the randomly selected packet is accepted by the quality control
engineer.
50. There are 4 red and 2 white balls in a box. 2 balls are drawn at random from the
box without replacement. Obtain probability distribution of number of white
balls in the selected balls.

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 51. If the probability that value of standard normal variable lies between 0 and -
score is then obtain the possible values of -score .

Section E

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 3 ) [12]

52. If the probabilities for standard normal variable are as under then obtain the
value of -socre :
(1) Area to the left of is
(2) Area to the right of is .
53. If the probabilities for standard normal variable are as under then obtain the
value of -score : (1) Area to the left of is . (2) Area to the right of
is .
54. Find by tabular method.
55. Obtain derivative of with the help of definition.

Section F

* Calculate The Following Sums In Detail. ( Write Any 4 ) [20]

56. The data about sale of three grain flour wheat, bajri and chana at a flour mill
from the year 2011 to 2015 are as follows. Compute the general index number
using simple average with (i) fixed base method (taking base year 2011) and (ii)
Chain base method.
Sale (lakh ₹)
Grains Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Wheat flour 40 46 50 56 64
Bajri flour 20 30 36 42 54
Chana flour 50 64 80 96 112
57. To know the relation between the heights and weights of the students of a
school, a sample of six students is taken and the following information is
obtained. Find the correlation coefficient between the heights and weights of
the students.
Height (cm)x 155 165 158 162 153 160
Weight (kg)y 53 63 56 60 52 60
58. From the following information of weekly minimum temperature (in Celsius) and
the sale (in hundred units) of heaters during a week in a city of North India for
five weeks, calculate the correlation coefficient between minimum temperature
and sale of heaters.
Minimum temperature (Celsius) x 3 4 6 7 9
Demand of heaters (hundred units) y 16 15 14 11 9

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 59. A sample of seven students is taken from the students coming from abroad in
the current year to study in university of the Gujarat State. The information
regarding their I.Q. and the marks obtained in an examination of 75 marks is
given below.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I.Q. quad x 85 95 100 90 110 125 70
Marks y 46 50 50 45 60 70 40

Obtain the regression line of Y on X and estimate the marks of a student whose
LQ. is 120. Also find the error in estimation when 1.0. is 100.
60. Month January February March April May June
Sale(thousand₹) 80 85 90 76 82 88
61. The data of population (in lakh) of a taluka are given in the following table. Fit a
linear equation for the data and find the trend value for each year. Also find the
trend estimate for the population in the year 2021 .
Year 1,951 1,961 1,971 1,981 1,991 2,001 2011
Population ( lakh) 15.1 16.9 18.7 20.1 21.6 25.7 27.1
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