Introducing Java
By Muhammad Abbas
Week #: 01 Lecture #: 01-03
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Objectives
• To understand basics of Java
• To learn Characteristics of Java
• To understand Java Environment (JRE, JDK, JVM)
needed for development
• To write first Java Program
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1. Introduction to Java
• Java is a popular programming language, created
in 1995.
• It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion
devices run Java.
– Mobile applications (specially Android apps)
– Desktop applications
– Web applications
– Web servers and application servers
– Games
– Database connection
– And much, much more!
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1. Introduction to Java (Why Use Java?)
• Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
• It is one of the most popular programming languages in the world
• It has a large demand in the current job market
• It is easy to learn and simple to use
• It is open-source and free
• It is secure, fast and powerful
• It has huge community support (tens of millions of developers)
• Java is an object-oriented language which gives a clear structure to
programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs
• As Java is close to C++ and C#, it makes it easy for programmers to switch
to Java or vice versa
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1. Introduction to Java
• Java is a programming language (Technology) based on OOP.
• It was first developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems,
which is now part of Oracle Corporation.
• It was released in 1995 as a part of Sun Microsystems' Java
platform.
• The language has developed much of its
syntax from C and C++.
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1. History of Java
• Java was developed by James Gosling, who is
known as the father of Java, in 1995.
• James Gosling and his team members started
the project in the early '90s.
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1. History of Java
• Java was created at Sun Microsystems, Inc., where James
Gosling led a team of researchers to create a new language
that would allow consumer electronic devices to
communicate with each other. Work on the language began in
1991, and before long the team's focus changed to a new
niche, the World Wide Web.
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1. History of Java
• Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices
• Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content
• Now also used to:
• Develop large-scale enterprise applications
• Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)
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1. Java Is Not JavaScript!
• Java is a programming language. You write programs in it and
compile them.
• JavaScript is embedded in a web page and run by Internet
Explorer or Firefox
• Java applets are programs that run in a web browser
• Java Server Pages (JSP) is a server-side programming
technology that enables the creation of dynamic, platform-
independent methods for building Web-based applications
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1. With C++ and most compiled languages
Your Program
Source Code
If x = 5 then…
Compiler For Windows PC Compiler For Mac
1011 0011 0011 1111
PC with Windows Mac
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1. Java Virtual Machine
Your Program
Source Code
If x = 5 then…
Java Compiler
ByteCode
Windows JVM Mac JVM
1011 0011 0011 1111
PC with Windows Mac 11
1. Typical Java Development Environment
• Java programs normally undergo five phases
– Edit
• Programmer writes program (and stores program on disk)
– Compile
• Compiler creates bytecodes from program
– Load
• Class loader stores bytecodes in memory
– Verify
• Bytecode Verifier confirms bytecodes do not violate security restrictions
– Execute
• JVM translates bytecodes into machine language
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Fig. 1.1 | Typical Java development environment.
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1. Why Java?
Java is a powerful and versatile programming
language for developing software running on
mobile devices, desktop computers, and servers.
– Internet programming language.
– write it once and run it anywhere.
– General purpose programming language.
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Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed (multiple networked computers)
• Java Is Interpreted (executed line by line by the JVM)
• Java Is Robust (handles errors gracefully)
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral (run on any hardware or operating system)
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded (concurrent execution, multiple tasks simultaneously)
• Java Is Dynamic
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Java Editions
• Java Standard Edition (Java SE) to develop client-side
standalone applications or applets.
• Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) to develop server-side
applications, such as Java servlets, JavaServer Pages
(JSP), and JavaServer Faces (JSF).
• Java Micro Edition (Java ME) to develop applications
for mobile devices, such as cell phones.
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Programming in Java
• For executing any Java program, you need to
Download the JDK and install it.
set path of the jdk/bin directory.
create the java program
compile and run the java program
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JDK, JRE & JVM
• JVM: Java Virtual Machine is an abstract machine. It is an
interpreter. It is a specification that provides a runtime
environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.
• JRE: Java Runtime Environment. It implements the JVM
where Java programs run on. It physically exists. It contains
a set of libraries + other files that JVM uses at runtime.
• JDK: It's the full-featured Software Development Kit for
Java, including JRE, and the compilers and tools (like Java
Debugger) to create and compile programs.
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What is JVM (Java Virtual Machine)?
• When you run the Java program, Java
compiler first compiles your Java code to
bytecode. Then, the JVM translates bytecode
into native machine code(CPU executes directly).
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What is JVM (Java Virtual Machine)?
• Java is platform-independent because it runs
on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), not
directly on the computer's hardware.
• Since JVM executes the Java bytecode which
is platform-independent, Java is platform-
independent.
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What is JRE (Java Runtime Environment)?
• JRE is a software package that provides Java
class libraries, JVM, and other components
that are required to run Java applications.
• JRE is the superset of JVM.
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What is JDK (Java Development Kit)?
• software development kit required to develop
applications in Java.
• When you download JDK, JRE is also
downloaded with it…
• The JDK includes development tools like compilers, JavaDoc, and the Java
Debugger. JavaDoc creates documentation from code comments, while
the Debugger helps find errors, inspect variables, and track program
execution.
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JDK vs JRE vs JVM
• JDK is for development purposes whereas JRE is
for running the java programs.
• JDK and JRE both contain JVM so that we can
run our Java program.
• JVM is the heart of Java programming language
and provides platform independence.
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Working Flow Of Java Program (JDK, JRE & JVM)
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Does Java supports compiler and
interpreter?
If Yes, than How?
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why java use both compiler and interpreter
• Java can be considered both a compiled and an
interpreted language because its source code is
first compiled into a binary byte-code.
• This byte-code runs on the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM), which is usually a software-based
interpreter.
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What is Byte Code?
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.java VS .class
Java file:
– The actual Java source file is written by a Java
programmer.
– Human readable
– Before compilation.
Class file:
– A Java class file is a file containing Java bytecode that
can be executed on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
– After compilation.
– Intended for the machine to execute.
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Code Compilation
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First Java Program
class Simple
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
[Link]("Hello Java");
}
}
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Executing Java Program
• Save the file with name Simple and .java extension in D drive.
• Compile the program
• d:
• set path=C:\Program
Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_23\bin
• javac [Link]
• Execute the program
• java Simple
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END…
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