ASSIGNMENT
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từ : 160 từ
cấu trúc: 4 đoạn : intro - overview - body 1 - body 2
lưu ý:
k viết tắt cannot can't.
có tối thiểu 1 câu phức, 2-3 câu ghép
conjunction/linking words
overview: xu hướng chung , không có data
body 1. body 2 : xây sự mạch lạc
hạn chế liệt kê số liệu, grouping
a increased from x to y
TA
CC
LR
GR
Hoang Nhan Education
LINE GRAPH
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GAP FILLING
Fill the gaps in the essay with the following words:
almost, to, figures, per, between, by, over, with, without, onwards
The graph shows changes in the number of cars ______ household in
Great Britain ______ a period of 36 years.
Overall, car ownership in Britain increased ______ 1971 and 2007. In
particular, the number of households with two cars rose, while the number
of households ______ a car fell.
In 1971, ______ half of all British households did not have regular use of a
car. Around 44% of households had one car, but only about 7% had two
cars. It was uncommon for families to ownthree or more cars, ______
around 2% of households falling into this [Link] one-car household
was the most common type from the late 1970’s ______, although there
was little change in the ______ for this category. The biggest change was
seen in the proportion of households without a car, which fell steadily over
the 36-year period ______ around 25% in 2007. In contrast, the proportion
of two-car families rose steadily, reaching about 26% in 2007, and the
proportion of households with more than two cars rose ______ around 5%.
GAP FILLING
Fill the gaps using these words:
produced, reaching fell, responsible, saw, considerably, terms, drop,
dramatic
The line graph compares four sectors in ______ of the amount of acid
rain emissions that they produced over a period of 17 years in the UK.
It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK ______
______ between 1990 and 2007. The most ______ decrease was seen in
the electricity, gas and water supply sector.
In 1990, around 3.3 million tones of acid rain emissions came from the
electricity, gas and water sector. The transport and communication sector
was ______ for about 0.7 million tones of emissions, while the domestic
sector ______ around 0.6 million tones. Just over 2 million tones of acid
rain gases came from other industries. Emissions from electricity, gas and
water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5 million tones in 2007, a ______
of almost 3 million tones. While acid rain gases from the domestic sector
and other industries fell gradually, the transport sector ______ a small
increase in emissions, ______ a peak of 1 million tones in 2005.
REWRITE THE SENTENCE USING THE
GIVEN WORDS”
1️⃣ Original:
The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and
homes around the world.
🔑 Key words gợi ý: comparison / water use
2️⃣ Original:
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000.
🔑 Key words: significant / increase
3️⃣ Original:
Agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used.
🔑 Key words: most / water
4️⃣ Original:
Water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo.
🔑 Key words: more / than
5️⃣ Original:
In 1900, around 500 km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide.
🔑 Key words: amount / used
6️⃣ Original:
Industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of that amount.
🔑 Key words: only / consumption
7️⃣ Original:
By 2000, global water use for agriculture had increased to around 3000 km³.
🔑 Key words: rise / to
REWRITE THE SENTENCE USING THE
GIVEN WORDS”
8️⃣ Original:
Industrial water use had risen to just under half that amount.
🔑 Key words: nearly / half
9️⃣ Original:
Domestic consumption had reached approximately 500 km³.
🔑 Key words: up / 500
🔟 Original:
The populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million respectively.
🔑 Key words: population / figures
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
1. According to the passage, the figures for developed countries are ______
those for developing nations.
A. slightly lower than
B. almost equal to
C. much higher than
D. the same as
2. From 1980 to 1990, participation in education and science ______.
A. decreased sharply
B. increased overall
C. remained unchanged
D. was not recorded
3. People in developing nations attended school for an average of ______ years.
A. nearly 9
B. 3
C. 11
D. 70
4. In industrialised countries, school years increased from nearly 9 years in 1980 to ______ in 1990.
A. 3 years
B. 20 years
C. nearly 11 years
D. 70 years
5. From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries ______.
A. more than doubled
B. almost doubled
C. fell significantly
D. remained below 20 per 1000 people
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
6. By 1990, spending on research and development in industrialised countries reached ______.
A. $25 billion
B. $50 billion
C. $350 billion
D. $20 billion
7. In developing nations, the number of science workers remained ______.
A. below 20 per 1000 people
B. around 70 per 1000 people
C. at nearly 11 years
D. at 350 billion
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.
8. Research spending in developing nations fell from about ______ to $25 billion.
A. $350 billion
B. $70 billion
C. $50 billion
D. $20 billion
9. The passage mainly discusses changes in ______.
A. income levels
B. education and science indicators
C. population growth
D. technology use
10. The sample suggests that industrialised countries experienced ______ growth in research spen
A. slow
B. unstable
C. rapid
D. minimal
GAP FILLING
disparity / markedly / aggregate / respectively / exceeded / constituted
It is clear that British people spent (1) ____________ more money than people in the other three countries on all
six goods. Of the six items, consumers spent the most money on photographic film.
People in Britain spent just over £170,000 on photographic film, which is the highest figure shown on the chart. By
contrast, Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each of
the six products. This demonstrates a clear (2) ____________ in spending habits across the four nations.
The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France and Italy, at nearly £160,000. However, while French
people spent more than Italians on photographic film and CDs, Italians paid out more for personal stereos, tennis
racquets and perfumes. The amounts spent on photographic film and CDs in France were approximately £165,000
and £155,000 (3) ____________.
Italians’ expenditure on personal stereos, tennis racquets, and perfumes (4) ____________ that of the French
across the board. The total amount spent by British consumers across the six categories (5) ____________ the
highest (6) ____________ expenditure.
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BAR CHART
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GAP FILLING
Complete the sentences below using the most
appropriate words to describe trends in a line graph.
Exercise 1
The number of tourists visiting the museum (1) ____________ from
5,000 in January to a peak of 15,000 in July, and then it (2)
____________ slightly to 12,000 by December.
Hinted Answers: (1) ____________ (increased strongly) / (2)
____________ (decreased slightly)
Exercise 2
Between 2005 and 2010, the company’s profit (1) ____________ at
around $2 million, before (2) ____________ dramatically to $5
million over the following three years.
Hinted Answers: (1) ____________ (remained stable) / (2)
____________ (increased sharply)
SENTENCE REWRITING
Rewrite the following sentences using the two words
provided in the brackets to achieve an advanced
structure and vocabulary. Do not change the original
meaning.
Exercise 1
The sales figure for smartphones rose significantly
from 2015 to 2018.
Rewrite the sentence, using: (a significant / increase)
Exercise 2
The consumption of fast food remained the same
between 1990 and 2000.
Rewrite the sentence, using: (a period / stability)
MULTIPLE CHOICE (SELECTING KEY TERMS)
Choose the best word or phrase to complete the
sentence, focusing on using the correct degree
modifiers (adverbs/adjectives) and prepositions.
Exercise 1
The amount of CO2 emissions fluctuated (A)
____________ the entire period, with a low point
(B) ____________ 2010.
A. (a) marginally (b) erratically (c) suddenly
B. (a) in (b) at (c) by
Exercise 2
There was a (A) ____________ fall in
unemployment rates, from 15% in 2001 (B)
____________ 5% in 2005.
A. (a) gradual (b) sharp (c) negligible
B. (a) to (b) up to (c) down to
IDENTIFY THESE EXPRESSIONS AND REWORD THEM IN ANOTHER WAY
The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over
a period of 13 years from 1989.
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of
the cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by
far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period.
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London
dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By
contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt.
Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above
the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more,
with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in Tokyo remained
cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an average home in Madrid rose
by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable.
IDENTIFY THESE EXPRESSIONS AND REWORD THEM IN ANOTHER WAY
The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities
over a period of 13 years from 1989.
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most
of the cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced
by far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period.
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and
London dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by
5%. By contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and
Frankfurt. Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around
12% above the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay
significantly more, with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but
homes in Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an
average home in Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt
remained stable.
Hoang Nhan Education
PIE CHART
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The pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced using five
different sources of fuel in two countries over two separate years.
GAP FILLING
Overall, total electricity production ________ (1) dramatically from 1980 to
2000 in both Australia and France. While the totals for both countries were
________ (2), there were big differences in the fuel sources used.
Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in
1980, ________ (3) to 130 out of 170 units in 2000. By contrast, nuclear power
became the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost
________ (1) of the country’s electricity. Australia depended on hydro power
for just under ________ (2) of its electricity in both years, but the amount of
electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to only 2 units in France.
Oil, on the other hand, remained a relatively important fuel source in France, but
its use ________ (3) in Australia.
Both countries relied on natural gas for electricity production significantly
________ (1) in 1980 than in 2000. Coal, hydro, oil, nuclear, and natural gas
together made up the ________ (2) of electricity production in each country.
The pie charts show ________ (3) between Australia and France in terms of
fuel usage, despite similar total electricity production.
Fill the gaps with these words:
constitutes, drops, amount, fifth, higher, make, one, relative, figure, up
The pie charts compare the proportion of carbohydrates, protein and fat in three different diets,
namely an average diet, a healthy diet, and a healthy diet for sport.
It is noticeable that sportspeople require a diet comprising a significantly higher proportion of
carbohydrates than an average diet or a healthy diet. The average diet contains the lowest
percentage of carbohydrates but the highest proportion of protein.
Carbohydrates ______ ______ 60% of the healthy diet for sport. This is 10% ______ than the
proportion of carbohydrates in a normal healthy diet, and 20% more than the proportion in an
average diet. On the other hand, people who eat an average diet consume a greater ______
______ of protein (40%) than those who eat a healthy diet (30%) and sportspeople (25%).
The third compound shown in the charts is fat. Fat ______ exactly ______ ______ of both the
average diet and the healthy diet, but the ______ ______ to only 15% for the healthy sports diet.
CÂU PHỨC (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
tức là câu có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause)
Ví dụ 1:
“While the totals for both countries were similar, there were big differences in the fuel sources used.”
Mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause): While the totals for both countries were similar
Mệnh đề chính (main clause): there were big differences in the fuel sources used
Ví dụ 2:
“Australia depended on hydro power for just under 25% of its electricity in both years, but the amount
of electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to only 2 units in France.”
Mệnh đề chính 1: Australia depended on hydro power for just under 25% of its electricity in both years
Mệnh đề chính 2: the amount of electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to only 2 units
in France
Liên từ nối: but
CÂU PHỨC (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
Ví dụ 3:
“By contrast, nuclear power became the most important fuel source in France in
2000, producing almost 75% of the country’s electricity.”
Mệnh đề chính: nuclear power became the most important fuel source in France
in 2000
Mệnh đề phụ (participle clause): producing almost 75% of the country’s
electricity
Đây là câu phức vì mệnh đề phụ giải thích thêm cho chủ ngữ mệnh đề chính.
ANALYZE THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
IN THE SAMPLE WRITING
The bar chart and the table give information about
changes in export revenues of a country from five
commodity groups in two years 2018 and 2019.
Overall, all product categories witnessed an
increase in export earnings except for PC and
electronic items which fell.
While revenue from mobile phones and textiles
were much higher than the others in both
years, seafood saw the most significant growth
in earnings.
Export earnings from mobile products was the
highest in 2018, at over 50 billion dollars, which
rose by 3.92% to about 53 billion one year later.
ANALYZE THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
IN THE SAMPLE WRITING
Income from exported textiles, which matched
mobiles in 2019, experienced a significant
rise of 12.77% from around 47 billion in the first
year.
In contrast, the amount of money earned from
seafood was always the lowest among the
commodity categories although it saw the
most dramatic growth, rising by 25% from 11 to
15 billion.
The only decline in income occurred in PC
and electronic items, with earnings droping
by 9.38% to less than 30 billion in 2019.
Hoang Nhan Education
TABLE
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The table below gives information about the underground
railway systems in six cities.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in
different areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
The table below describes the proportion of smokers in males and females
(between the age of 15 and 20) in Britain.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
The table below shows carbon dioxide emissions from
transport in three European countries in 1994 and 2004.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The table below gives information on consumer spending on
different items in five different countries in 2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The tables below give information about sales of
Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999
and 2004 in five European countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The tables below give information about sales of the / table / show / the / amount / of / money / spend / on / Fairtrade / coffee / and /
banana / in / two / separate / year / in / the / UK / , / Switzerland / , / Denmark / , /
Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999
Belgium / and / Sweden / .
and 2004 in five European countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and it / be / clear / that / sale / of / Fairtrade / coffee / rise / in / all / five / european /
reporting the main features, and make country / from / 1999 / to / 2004 / , / but / sale / of / Fairtrade / banana / only / go / up
comparisons where relevant. / in / three / out / of / the / five / country / .
overall / , / the / UK / see / by / far / the / high / level / of / spending / on / the / two /
product / .
in / 1999 / , / Switzerland / have / the / high / sale / of / Fairtrade / coffee / , / at / € / 3
/ million / , / while / revenue / from / Fairtrade / banana / be / high / in / the / UK / , /
at / € / 15 / million /
by / 2004 / , / however / , / sale / of / Fairtrade / coffee / in / the / UK / have / rise / to /
€ / 20 / million / , / and / this / be / over / three / time / high / than / Switzerland / ’s /
sale / figure / for / Fairtrade / coffee / in / that / year / .
the / year / 2004 / also / see / dramatic / increase / in / the / money / spend / on /
Fairtrade / banana / in / the / UK / and / Switzerland / , / with / revenue / rise / by / € /
32 / million / and / € / 4.5 / million / respectively /
sale / of / the / two / Fairtrade / product / be / far / low / in / Denmark / , / Belgium /
and / Sweden / .
small / increase / in / sale / of / Fairtrade / coffee / can / be / see / , / but / revenue /
remain / at / € / 2 / million / or / below / in / all / three / country / in / both / year /
finally / , / it / be / noticeable / that / the / money / spend / on / Fairtrade / banana /
actually / fall / in / Belgium / and / Sweden / .
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The table above shows the percentage of mobile phone owners using various mobile phone features.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant
The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.