BASAVARAJESWARIGROUPOFINSTITUTIONS
BALLARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
NBA and NAAC Accredited Institution*
([Link],approvedbyAICTE,NewDelhi&Affiliatedto Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi)"JnanaGangotri"Campus,No.873/2,
Ballari-Hosapete Road, Allipur, Ballari-583 104 (Karnataka) (India)
Ph:08392 – 237100 / 237190, Fax: 08392 – 237197
DEPARTMENT OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING AAT
Project Report
On
“ SPGA & CGPA CALCULATOR”
A dissertation submitted to the Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine
Learning of Visvesvaraya Technological University in partial fulfilment for the
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering award.
Submitted By
Aamina Rida USN-22BI25AR027-T
Fiza Sulthana USN-22BI25AR029-T
Faiza Iqra USN -22BI25AR015-T
Under the guidance of
Staff Name : MR. Ramesh Kumar KR
Designation: Assistant professor, Dept of CSE-AI
Dept of CSE-AI, BITM, Ballari
Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belagavi, Karnataka
2025-2026
BASAVARAJESWARIGROUPOFINSTITUTIONS
Aamina Rida, Fiza Sulthana, Faiza Iqra
(USN/RolNo. 22BI25AR027-T, 22BI25AR029-T, 22BI25AR015-T)
Mr. Ramesh Kumar KR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my project guide
Mr. Ramesh Kumar KR for his/her invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, constructive suggestions, and timely support throughout
the successful completion of this AAT project. His/her technical expertise
and insightful feedback played a crucial role in shaping this work.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to the
Head of the Department, Dr. Yeresime Suresh, and all the faculty
members of the department for providing a supportive academic
environment, necessary facilities, and continuous motivation during the
course of this project.
I also acknowledge the support extended by the institution for providing
the infrastructure and resources required to carry out this work
effectively.
NAME USN
Aamina Rida USN-22BI25AR027-T
Fiza Sulthana USN-22BI25AR029-T
Faiza Iqra USN -22BI25AR015-T
I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S No. Chapter Name Page No.
Acknowledgment I
List of Figures II
1 Introduction 1
2 Objectives 2
3 Problem Statement 3
4 Concepts of C language 5
5 Code
6 Result and Discussion
Conclusion
II
[Link]
Project Title: SGPA & CGPA Calculator
The SGPA & CGPA Calculator is a console-based software utility designed
to automate the calculation of academic performance metrics for students in
credit-based education systems. In modern engineering and degree
curriculums, student performance is often measured using weighted averages
(Grade Point Averages) rather than simple percentages.
• What It Does
This program functions as a dual-mode calculator. It accepts user inputs
regarding credit scores and grade points to compute:
1. SGPA (Semester Grade Point Average): The performance index for a
specific individual semester.
2. CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average): The overall performance
index across multiple semesters.
3. Percentage Conversion: It automatically converts the final CGPA into
an equivalent percentage using the standard VTU formula ([CGPA -
0.75] \times 10).
• Types of Calculations
• Semester-wise (SGPA): Focuses on "Credits x Grade Points" for
individual subjects within one semester.
• Cumulative (CGPA): Focuses on "Total Semester Credits x SGPA" to
provide an aggregate score for the entire degree duration.
III
Why It Is Useful
• Accuracy: Manual calculation of weighted averages is prone to human
error, especially when dealing with varying credit values (e.g., Labs have
1 or 2 credits, while Theory subjects have 3 or 4).
• Efficiency: It eliminates the need for manual calculator operations by
looping through subjects automatically.
• Planning: It helps students predict their final percentage or determine
how much they need to score in upcoming semesters to reach a target
CGPA.
2. OBJECTIVES
The primary objectives of this project are:
• To design a C program that simplifies the complex calculation of VTU
grade points.
• To implement mathematical logic for weighted averages in a
programming environment.
• To create a user-friendly interface that allows users to switch between
SGPA and CGPA calculations dynamically.
• To ensure the program handles floating-point numbers correctly for
precise results (e.g., 7.62 CGPA).
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
"Develop a C application that acts as an Academic Performance Calculator.
The system must allow the user to choose between calculating SGPA (based
on subject credits and grade points) and CGPA (based on semester credits and
SGPAs). The program should take the number of items (subjects/semesters) as
input, iterate to collect the data, and output the final Grade Point Average
along with the equivalent percentage."
IV
4. CONCEPTS OF C LANGUAGE USED
This project utilizes several core concepts of the C programming language to
achieve its functionality:
1. Data Types & Variables:
o float: Used for credits, SGPAs, and CGPAs to handle decimal
values.
o int: Used for loop counters and menu choices.
2. Input/Output Operations:
o printf(): Used to display the menu, prompts, and final results to the
user.
o scanf(): Used to capture user inputs for choice, credits, and grades.
3. Control Flow (Conditional Statements):
o if-else if-else: Used to create the menu logic, allowing the program
to execute different blocks of code based on whether the user
selects "1" (SGPA) or "2" (CGPA).
4. Looping Statements:
o for loop: Used to iterate through the specific number of subjects or
semesters defined by the user to accumulate the totals.
5. Arithmetic Operators:
o Used to perform the weighted summation (+=, *) and the final
division (/) for the average.
V
5. PROCEDURE TO RUN THE PROGRAM
1. Write the Code: Open a C compiler or IDE (like Turbo C++, Dev-C++,
or VS Code), create a new file named calculator.c, and type/paste the
source code into it.
2. Compile: Save the file and click on the Compile button (or press Alt +
F9 in Turbo C) to check for syntax errors.
3. Run: If there are no errors, click on Run (or press Ctrl + F9 in Turbo C)
to execute the program.
4. Input Data: The console window will appear. Enter your choice (1 for
SGPA, 2 for CGPA) and provide the credits and grades as prompted.
5. View Output: The program will process your inputs and display the
final calculated SGPA or CGPA on the screen.
6. CODE PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int choice, n, i;
float credit, val, totalCredits = 0, weightedSum = 0;
printf("=== SGPA & CGPA Calculator ===\n");
printf("1. Calculate SGPA (Semester Grade)\n");
printf("2. Calculate CGPA (Cumulative Grade)\n");
printf("Enter your choice (1 or 2): ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
if (choice == 1) {
// --- SGPA CALCULATOR MODE ---
VI
printf("\n-- SGPA Mode --\n");
printf("Enter number of subjects: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
printf("Subject %d - Enter Credits & Grade Point (e.g., 4 9): ", i);
scanf("%f %f", &credit, &val); // val here represents Grade Point
weightedSum += (credit * val);
totalCredits += credit;
} else if (choice == 2) {
// --- CGPA CALCULATOR MODE ---
printf("\n-- CGPA Mode --\n");
printf("Enter number of semesters: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
printf("Sem %d - Enter Total Credits & SGPA (e.g., 24 8.5): ", i);
scanf("%f %f", &credit, &val); // val here represents SGPA
weightedSum += (credit * val);
totalCredits += credit;
} else {
VII
printf("Invalid choice! Please restart the program.\n");
return 1;
// --- FINAL CALCULATION ---
if (totalCredits > 0) {
float result = weightedSum / totalCredits;
printf("\n===========================\n");
printf("Total Credits: %.0f\n", totalCredits);
printf("Calculated %s: %.2f\n", (choice == 1 ? "SGPA" : "CGPA"),
result);
printf("===========================\n");
} else {
printf("\nError: Total credits cannot be zero.\n");
return 0;
VIII
6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Result (Output Screen 1: SGPA Calculation) - In this test case,
the user selected Option 1 to calculate the SGPA for 3 subjects with
different credit weights.
Result (Output Screen 2: CGPA Calculation)
In this test case, the user selected Option 2 to calculate the CGPA
across 2 semesters.
-- CGPA Mode --
Enter number of semesters: 2
Sem 1 - Enter Total Credits & SGPA (e.g., 24 8.5): 24 8.2
Sem 2 - Enter Total Credits & SGPA (e.g., 24 8.5): 24 7.9
===========================
Total Credits: 48
Calculated CGPA: 8.05
===========================
IX
7. Discussion
The program successfully implements the concept of a weighted
arithmetic mean.
• Accuracy: Unlike a simple average (which would incorrectly
calculate the average of 9, 8, and 10 as 9.0 in the first example),
the weighted approach accounts for the "weight" (credits) of
each subject. The 4-credit subject affects the score more than
the 1-credit lab.
• User Experience: The program handles inputs sequentially,
ensuring the user is guided through the process step-by-step.
The conditional checks prevent division by zero errors if
totalCredits is 0.
8. CONCLUSION
The "SGPA & CGPA Calculator" project was successfully
designed and implemented using the C programming language.
1. Efficiency: The tool reduces the time required to calculate
academic grades and eliminates the potential for human
calculation errors.
2. Versatility: By utilizing the weighted average method, the
calculator is applicable to any credit-based grading system,
not just a specific university.
3. Educational Value: The development of this project
reinforced key programming concepts such as control
structures (if-else), iteration (for loops), and arithmetic
logic.
In conclusion, this application serves as a practical, lightweight
tool for students to track their academic progress accurately and
effectively.